滑移隔震结构的动力特性及地震反应

提出了既能正确反映摩擦力特性又便于编程的连续型指数摩擦力模型;利用Poincare映射法研究地面谐运动下滑移隔震结构的周期响应,并发现结构将表现为对称性破裂分叉、振幅跳跃、基底爬行等非线性特征;利用高精度的精细时程积分法,计算滑移隔震结构的地震响应,绘制了上部结构动力系数反应谱和基底最大滑移量反应谱;对计算实例的分析发现,地震作用下滑移隔震结构的层间最大剪力和最大绝对加速度反应分布较一般传统结构有很大区别.     

土—结构动力相互作用对滑移隔震结构的影响

利用上部结构和地基土对基础—土交界面上离散节点的动力平衡,建立整个结构在频域内的运动方程,分析土—结构动力相互作用下的滑移隔震结构对建筑结构地震响应的影响,并较为系统的计算了在不同地基土的参数组合下结构的隔震效果和地震响应,得出一些有指导意义的结论。     

滑移隔震结构的地震反应分析

本文提出了既能正确反映摩擦力特性又便于编程的连续型指数摩擦力模型。基于此模型 ,利用高精度的精细时程积分法 ,计算滑移隔震结构的地震响应 ,绘制了上部结构动力系数反应谱和基底最大滑移量反应谱。通过对计算实例的分析发现 ,地震作用下滑移隔震结构的层间最大剪力和最大绝对加速度反应分布较一般传统结构有很大区别     

考虑SSI效应及支座转动的隔震体系性能研究

土-结构相互作用对结构的地震反应有着重要的影响。隔震支座竖向变形引起的隔震层转动会加剧上部结构的摇摆,进而放大结构的地震响应。提出基于Timoshenko理论的考虑SSI效应及隔震层转动影响的隔震结构通用计算模型,推导并求解结构运动方程,采用虚拟激励法进行随机响应分析,进一步研究隔震层转动刚度、土体参数等对隔震结构地震响应的影响规律。分析表明：SSI效应降低了隔震效果,其对隔震结构楼层转角位移放大的影响与土-结构刚度比有关。隔震层转动刚度变化对隔震结构顶层加速度、基底倾覆力矩等影响较小,但对结构楼层转角位移有较大影响,隔震层转动刚度取值较小时,上部结构楼层转角甚至会出现大于抗震结构的情况。     

考虑土-结构相互作用的基础隔震体系动力特性分析

本文以基础隔震体系为研究对象,利用ANSYS软件建立了三维有限元模型,讨论了考虑土-结构相互作用的基础隔震体系动力特性,并研究了隔震层和相互作用对体系动力特性的影响因素,以揭示土-基础隔震体系相互作用机理。分析结果表明,考虑相互作用和基础隔震后,结构体系的自振周期延长。改变土体的特性和隔震层水平、竖向刚度,体系的动力特性也会随之改变。     

SSI效应对隔震结构的地震响应及损伤影响分析

基于弹性地基梁理论和波动理论计算群桩-土地基对上部结构的动力阻抗,进而研究桩土-结构动力相互作用对高层隔震结构地震响应及非线性损伤的影响。首先计算桩周地基水平刚度系数,采用改良的Penzien模型将群桩等效为单桩,考虑一定桩长范围计算桩头的水平刚度,同时根据结构振动频率与地基基本频率的大小关系,考虑地基材料阻尼和辐射阻尼的影响。以某高层隔震工程为例,根据实际桩布置及土层分布情况计算地基阻抗,利用等效线性化模型对结构进行反应谱分析,计算结构隔震前后SSI效应对其动力响应的影响,再利用三维非线性损伤模型分析SSI效应对结构主要构件损伤的影响。计算结果表明,随着结构层数的增加,SSI效应的影响减小,考虑SSI效应会使隔震层位移和隔震支座面压利用率提高,而对隔震层上部结构的层间位移基本没有影响;考虑SSI效应后结构连梁的损伤减小,而框架柱和剪力墙这些竖向构件损伤增加;长周期地震动作用下结构的SSI效应更显著。     

上部结构刚度改变对桩-土-杆系结构动力相互作用的影响

采用改进的Penzien模型 ,利用研制开发的桩 -土 -杆系结构动力相互作用分析程序DIPSFSA ,对带支撑和不带支撑的钢框架均按刚性基础和考虑桩土参与作用两种情况进行地震反应分析 ,研究上部结构刚度改变对桩 -土 -结构动力相互作用的影响。结果表明 ,在Ⅲ、Ⅳ类场地土条件下 ,无论上部结构是否加设支撑 ,桩土参与共同工作对上部结构地震反应均有不容忽视的影响 ,且上部结构相对于地基的刚度越大 ,桩 -土 -上部结构之间的共同工作效果越明显。从而说明 ,软土地基上结构刚度越大 ,结构不一定越安全。     

土与结构相互作用对层间隔震结构影响的参数分析

层间隔震结构是在基础隔震结构的基础上发展起来的一种新型隔震结构体系。实际工程中,因受到地形条件和建筑功能使用需求的限制,仅能在中间某层设置隔震装置,从而形成层间隔震体系。层间隔震体系在减震机理、振动特性及设计方法等方面均有别于基础隔震结构。通过有限元分析,研究了土-结构相互作用(SSI)对层间隔震结构地震响应的影响,探讨场地土弹簧刚度,隔震层水平刚度等参数变化时,考虑SSI作用下层间隔震结构地震响应的变化规律。研究表明:SSI效应使得层间隔震结构刚度弱化,引起其周期延长,土越软地震效应越大;SSI效应对层间隔震结构的地震响应,如体系的基底剪力、顶层位移、层间位移、层间剪力等,均造成不同程度的影响,土越软效果越明显;隔震层水平刚度对体系地震响应也存在一定影响。     

土与一般刚度偏心结构地震动力相互作用的研究

采用极坐标表示楼层任意刚度偏心位置,能更加详细地分析结构各层刚度中心在任意位置的偏心对结构平移-扭转耦合地震响应的影响,另外考虑实际边界条件,即并入土与结构相互作用（SSI）以达到结构整体性能,因而提出了分析土与一般刚度偏心结构地震动力相互作用的基本框架.首先,采用极坐标建立双向地震作用下两层一般刚度偏心结构（GSES）的动力方程（6个自由度）;接着,使用5个自由度土阻抗函数来表征土与一般刚度偏心结构相互作用;最后,建立土与一般刚度偏心结构相互作用（SGSESI）的动力方程,使用SGSESI系统的标准化均方根位移和加速度来分析其地震动力相互作用.通过设置不同的刚度偏心位置,数值研究了在双向地震作用下,考虑SSI的同轴、非同轴刚度偏心对结构平-扭耦合地震响应的影响.     

土-结构动力相互作用对隔震结构的影响分析

结合一个实际工程,分析了该结构在隔震加固前后及是否考虑土-结构动力相互作用共4种情况,得出了各种情况下结构的周期、层间剪力、楼层位移、隔震支座性能、地震能量输入与结构能量反应的变化等,并得出了一些结论。     

滑移摩擦型隔震结构考虑竖向地震作用影响的分析

摩擦滑移型隔震支座具有较好的减震效果和经济性能,越来越多地应用于结构隔震.这种支座屈服力取决于滑动摩擦力,与摩擦系数和支座竖向压力有关.地震动是多维的,本文考虑双向地震动,分析了采用摩擦滑移型支座隔震的质量块、基础隔震结构和顶层隔震结构,在不同摩擦系数和地震烈度情况下竖向地震作用对结构水平地震反应的影响.计算表明,在大摩擦系数、高烈度情况下,竖向地震作用对基础隔震和设备隔震有一定影响,建议考虑竖向地震作用的影响;而在小摩擦系数时则可忽略.并且,适当的屈服后刚度可以减小竖向地震作用的影响.     

Assessment of sliding‐rubber isolator effect in progressive collapse of bridges under two scenarios

In this study, performances of 2 types of bridges, with and without seismic isolation, are addressed in 2 damage analysis scenarios, where, in the first, the side column and, in the second, the middle column are removed from the bridge piers. The performance was assessed using nonlinear dynamic analysis, and the time history and maximum structural responses were evaluated. Initially, sliding‐rubber isolators were designed according to AASHTO guide specifications, and then the bridges were modeled in OpenSees software package. Additionally, the coefficient of friction for the isolator was considered as a variable due to sudden removal of the columns and the consequent changes in the sliding velocity and axial forces. The results indicate that use of seismic isolation systems caused an increase in all maximum structural responses except that of the base shear. Considering the frictional performance of the isolators, slides in the deck are not caused by yielding of seismic isolators, and the reason for permanent displacements of the deck may be attributed to bridge instabilities in the first scenario. However, decrease in the horizontal stiffness results in increased maximum permanent displacement. In the first scenario, uplift of the deck occurred in the case of isolated bridge.     

并联基础隔震体系地震反应特征与隔震层参数的优选

本文在大量工程算例仿真分析的基础上,较为系统地研究了典型并联基础隔震结构地震反应的一般特征,探讨了并联基础隔震体系隔震层参数的合理选择问题。研究表明,在一定限度内,增加隔震层回复刚度几乎不会改变上部结构的最大层间剪力,但对隔震层最大滑移位移和残留位移却有非常显著的限制作用,隔震层回复刚度的参与不改变结构地震反应的频谱特性。为限制隔震层位移,在保证不增大上部结构最大层间剪力的前提下,应尽量增加隔震层回复刚度;隔震层屈服剪力的取值则需兼顾隔震效果与隔震层滑移位移。     

考虑轴力转移的并联基础隔震结构地震反应分析

在地震作用下,并联基础隔震结构的隔震层随着水平位移的增加,由于两类支座竖向刚度不同,将在两类支座间出现轴力相互转移,隔震层的力与水平位移的关系呈现很强的非线性关系。根据该种隔震结构不同类型支座间轴力在地震过程中相互转移的特点,给出并联基础隔震体系考虑轴力相互转移的隔震层恢复力模型,提出一种基于SIMULINK环境下对并联基础隔震体系考虑支座轴力相互转移进行仿真计算分析的新方法。工程实例计算结果表明,考虑支座承受的竖向荷载变化时,隔震层最大水平位移比不考虑支座竖向承载力变化时有所下降,支座竖向承载力变化所引起的附加摩擦力已经成为一个不能忽视的因素。     

On the seismic response of shallow-buried rectangular structures

Compared to bridges, underground structures are inappropriately regarded as less crucial components of road infrastructure in view of their supposedly low seismic vulnerability. The literature indicates, however, that shallow-buried rectangular structures, such as box culverts or rectangular tunnels, can be affected by shaking failure. To avoid the complexity of a fully non-linear soil–structure interaction analysis, a number of simplified methods have been proposed in recent years, which have gained popularity among designers. The aim of this paper is to investigate the applicability limits of such simplified analyses. The study compares the results obtained using simplified approaches with those emerging from non-linear static soil–structure interaction analyses, accounting for the following effects: the frictional behavior of the soil–structure interface, the geometry of the box structure, the overburden depth, the maximum PGA, and the increasing soil stiffness with increasing depth. The outcomes of the analysis indicate that shallow-buried rectangular structures are strongly affected by non-linear frictional effects at the soil–structure interface. The soil–structure interaction under seismic condition is shown to change smoothly from the condition of deep burial to the condition of “null overburden depth”. For a given aspect ratio, stiff, shallow-buried rectangular structures prove to be affected more deeply by sliding at the soil–structure interface than flexible structures and, for low aspect ratios, these structures may undergo a rigid rotation (rocking) that may even involve a partialization of the base foundation. For a reliable evaluation of member forces from racking distortions, rocking must be carefully taken into account.     

考虑轴力转移的并联基础隔震结构地震反应分析

 在地震作用下,并联基础隔震结构的隔震层随着水平位移的增加,由于两类支座竖向刚度不同,将在两类支座间出现轴力相互转移,隔震层的力与水平位移的关系呈现很强的非线性关系。根据该种隔震结构不同类型支座间轴力在地震过程中相互转移的特点,给出并联基础隔震体系考虑轴力相互转移的隔震层恢复力模型,提出一种基于SIMULINK环境下对并联基础隔震体系考虑支座轴力相互转移进行仿真计算分析的新方法。工程实例计算结果表明,考虑支座承受的竖向荷载变化时,隔震层最大水平位移比不考虑支座竖向承载力变化时有所下降,支座竖向承载力变化所引起的附加摩擦力已经成为一个不能忽视的因素。     

Large‐scale shaking table test on pile‐soil‐structure interaction on soft soils

The two large‐scale shaking table tests of tall buildings on soft soils in pile group foundations are performed to capture the effect of the seismic pile‐soil‐structure interaction (PSSI) on the dynamic responses of the pile, soil, and structure. The two different model conditions are observed, including a fixed‐base structure and a structure supported by 3‐by‐3 pile group foundation in soft soil, representing the situations excluding the soil‐structure interaction (SSI) and considering the SSI, respectively. In the tests, the superstructure is a tall building with 12‐story reinforced concrete frame. The pile‐soil‐structure system rests in a shear laminar soil container, which is designed to minimize the boundary effects during shaking table tests. The two models are subjected to various intensity seismic excitations of Shanghai bedrock waves, 1995 Kobe earthquake, and 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake events. According to the experimental and analytical results, SSI systems have longer natural periods than the fixed‐base structure. In addition, soft soil has amplification effect under smaller seismic excitations and isolation effects under larger earthquake intensities. The strain amplitude at the top of pile is large, and the strain at the middle and tip is relatively small. Whereas the contact pressure is small at the top of pile and large at the middle and tip. From the dynamic responses of the superstructure, it is found that the PSSI amplifies the peak displacements and interstory drifts of the structures supported by pile group foundations by comparing with the fixed‐base structure. Whereas the peak acceleration and interstory shear force of the structure are reduced considering seismic PSSI. The results show that the seismic SSI is not always favorable, however, it may increase certain dynamic responses of the structure. Consequently, the seismic SSI should be considered reasonably, providing insight towards the rational seismic design of buildings rested on soft soils.     

对桩承结构上下部水平抗震理解的联合预估

结合平面动力有限元与简化三维集中质量法(S-R模型)对水平地震作用下的群桩-土-结构体系的动力性能进行了理论预测,可用来计算不同构型、桩数、土层属性下的结构系统动力反应。算例分析表明,由于土与基础的参与,考虑相互作用后结构位移及层间位移反应增大;受结构、桩基础及土层属性等多因素影响,结构内力在某些地震频谱作用下反而会有所增加,而固基情形下的加速度反应谱曲线对相互作用的反应结果并不一定形成包络,两种方法在对相互作用结构进行动力反应的量化数值分析和定性评价上均有良好的一致性。