优化喷油器参数改善CA6113柴油机性能的试验研究

燃油喷射系统是控制发动机燃烧的关键部件,而对柴油机燃烧影响最大的因素是喷油规律。喷油器作为燃油系统的一个末端组件,它结束供油规律的形成过程,直接将燃油喷散雾化,并借助于空气涡流将燃油喷注以与燃烧室最佳配合的方式喷入燃烧室。因而在组织发动机燃油供给过程中,喷油器在一定程度上决定了喷油过程的最终参数,如喷油压力、喷油时刻、喷油持续时间和喷油规律     

山东菏泽华星油泵油嘴有限公司

山东菏泽华星油泵油嘴有限公司是柴油机燃油喷射装置专业生产企业。主要产品为柴油机用喷油嘴偶件、喷油器总成、喷油泵总成以及柱塞和出油阀偶件等5大系列数千个品种。覆盖了国内外柴油机的主要品种和型号。其中S系列、P系列喷油嘴偶件已达到年生产、销售1000万副,S系列、P系列喷油器总成达到年生产、销售600万套,均居全国第一位。     

5000马力高速大功率柴油机燃油喷射系统

本文在介绍5000马力高速大功率柴油机燃油喷射系统喷油泵柱塞偶件、等压出油阀组件及驱动机构、调节机构、润滑方法和安装方式等与插入式、低惯性喷油器、针阀偶件等的主要特点的同时，着重阐述该燃油喷射系统匹配该高速大功率柴油机的性能试验和测试情况，并在获得的供油提前角、喷油提前角、高压油管峰值压力、燃烧始点、最高燃烧压力等具体数据和针阀升程、高压油管压力波、示功图等实测曲线的基础上，对其供油规律和喷油规律进行了初步分析，进而提出一些关于燃油喷射系统的供油特性、喷射特性和该机燃烧始点。燃烧持续时间和最大燃烧压力方面的粗浅看法．     

喷油嘴针阀对材料性能的要求

1 柴油机喷油嘴工况 柴油机燃油系统的末端为喷油嘴偶件,它是将喷油泵输出有节律的高压燃油作用在针阀上,当燃油压力超过喷油器规定的开启压力(20MPa左右)针阀就打开,使高压燃油经针阀体喷孔向汽缸内释放压力能。由于ΔP压力差原因;瞬时把燃油的压力能转变成高速油注的速度能,将柴油(燃油)分裂成均匀的非常细化的颗粒油。由试验证明,通过喷油嘴偶件的高压喷射,油颗粒可多达3700万个左右,总表面积约3700mm~2左右,即可将燃油表面积增大至314倍左右,从而大大提高了燃油的燃烧性能。     

浅论喷油器调压弹簧技术与质量问题

1 前 言 柴油机喷油器调压弹簧在高压力下承受周期交变载荷,并在一定温度下工作。它的质量直接影响喷射压力和燃油雾化状况,从而影响到柴油机燃油燃烧性能以及影响柴油机的输出功率和对环境的污染。     

高压共轨燃油喷射系统针阀体加工工艺研究

日益严格的排放法规,对柴油机提出了更高的技术要求,高压共轨燃油喷射技术是目前能够满足国Ⅳ及以上排放法规的主要技术方案,其通过高喷射压力、电控喷射系统实现了多次喷射、精确控制、充分雾化,使柴油燃烧更充分、排放污染物更少。燃油喷射的执行零件喷油嘴偶件的关键部分是针阀体。针阀体加工工艺,尤其是精密磨削加工工艺有很大难度,对设备、工艺及工装的设计有着严苛的要求,通过对喷油嘴加工工艺的研究,提升国内喷油嘴偶件制造能力。     

喷油嘴结构参数对高压共轨柴油机燃烧与排放性能的影响研究

高压共轨系统能够实现良好的喷射雾化及灵活可调的喷油规律.本文在对燃油共轨系统的核心部件喷油器与燃烧室的匹配做了深入分析的基础上,建立了CFD仿真模型,研究了不同喷油器结构参数对燃烧与排放性能的影响.结果表明:喷油器参数的设置对高压共轨柴油机的燃烧与排放性能影响较大,是决定柴油机性能的关键因素之一.     

不同启喷压力下柴油机喷油特性预测研究

建立了柴油机可控启喷压力喷油器燃油喷射系统液力模型,并进行仿真计算;利用CB-466燃烧分析仪测试该燃油喷射系统的喷油器针阀升程和喷油器端高压油管燃油压力,与仿真计算结果对比,验证了仿真模型和计算方法的可信性;在此基础下就不同启喷压力下柴油机喷油特性进行了预测研究。结果表明:启喷压力增大使得喷油延迟,喷油压力增大,燃油的喷雾质量改善。     

燃油压力波检测在机车柴油机故障判断上的应用

指出应用柴油机燃油喷射系统故障诊断仪对柴油机燃烧系统进行压力波检测,对早期预报柴油机喷油泵、喷油器故障是行之有效的,并介绍了几种典型的故障波形.     

油泵油嘴与柴油机配件市场简析

高压油泵、喷油器总成是单缸、多缸柴油机的重要配套件。与其配套的喷油嘴、柱塞、出油阀三对精密偶件同时也是汽车、农机、工程机械等配件市场需求比较稳定,面广量大的维修用配件。 我国开发和生产柴油燃油喷射系统产品     

共轨喷油器仿真模型优化

第三代柴油机共轨喷射系统采用了压电直列喷油器。介绍了对已有的在GT—Suite软件中建立的喷油器模型的部分优化工作。对几个具体的模块进行了分析,并结合大量的试验数据对部分模型做了修改和校正,由此获得了更加精准的仿真模型,为进一步的产品开发提供服务。     

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Controlling fuel injector deposits is recognized as a challenge for advanced direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the research on formation, measurement, effect, and mitigation of injector deposits in DISI engines. Methodologies for the injector deposit studies include visual and compositional analysis. It is shown that injector deposits will reduce injector fuel flow rates, and lead to changes in spray characteristics. Consequently, spray angle and envelope are likely to be affected, and spray penetration distance as well as droplet diameter can be increased. Injector deposits are revealed to be primarily fuel-derived and created by two distinct free radical pathways, i.e., low temperature auto-oxidation and high temperature pyrolysis. Fuel compositions (olefins, aromatics, and sulphur), as well as T90 parameter, are significant factors in injector deposit formation. The worst consequences of injector fouling are pre-ignition, and engine misfiring and malfunction. Emissions, especially particulates, dramatically increase as the fuel injector becomes fouled. It appears that fuel detergent is the most effective method in controlling injector deposit formation if its chemistry and dosage rate are optimized. Outward opening piezo-driven injector configuration with a good surface finish, a sharp nozzle inlet, and a counter bore design, is useful in preventing injector deposit formation. Reducing injector nozzle temperature by methods such as designing special injector cooling passages, and improving engine design are also proven to be helpful in reducing injector fouling. Anti-deposit coatings only delay the onset of injector deposit formation.     

基于PLC控制的机车喷油器检修作业台设计

针对当前内燃机车喷油器检修作业工序分散、效率较低的现状，按照内燃机车喷油器的检修作业规定，设计了基于PLC控剖的作业工序集中的喷油器检修作业台，并详细介绍了作业台的整体结构和PLC控制部分的设计。检修作业台设计作业时间17min／（个·人）喷油器（理论设计），较当前作业时间22．5min／（个·人）喷油器（不包括二次解体作业、打磨针阀）检修减少近15％。     

New electronically controlled hydrogen-gas injector development and testing

The feasibility of high-pressure hydrogen-gas injection was investigated in a diesel engine with the help of an electronic control under microprocessor management. An injector prototype was developed with variable area orifice fitted with a solenoid actuator for lifting of the needle valve. A metering valve controlled by a digital actuator was installed at the injector's inlet to throttle the gas flow from the cylinder with compressed hydrogen. The injected fuel dose was therefore under double control: by the time of the injector's opening and by the metering valve flow area. This system was first investigated on a test set-up where the pressure in the injector, the needle lift and the gas dose were measured. A concentrated gas discharge rate characteristic of 3 ms duration was obtained. An attempt was also made to measure the gas discharge rate by recording the amplitude of the pressure wave created in a special long pipe. Ignition feasibility tests were finally conducted in a high speed diesel engine with spark ignition support.     

关于喷油器选用的初步探讨

针对3种进口喷油器使用中发生的不良率,从结构设计及检修状况进行分析,提出规范检修工艺、严格技术规程等措施,取得了一定的效果。     

Exergy analysis of two-phase steam–water injector

Exergy analysis is used as a tool for the evaluation of exergy losses in a two-phase steam–water injector in an effort to improve its overall performance in respect to exit pressure. The aim of this paper is to study irreversible losses in the component parts of the injector, including the steam nozzle, water nozzle and diffuser as well as the two-phase region comprising the mixing chamber and the condensation shock wave. Calculations based on experimental data revealed the regions with the greatest irreversibilities, namely in the two-phase region and in the steam nozzle. Particular attention was paid to the steam nozzle, for which a procedure was developed to determine the overall velocity coefficient, including all irreversibilities in the steam nozzle during steam expansion. The study indicated the most important factors influencing the injector’s performance. Finally, the exergy efficiency was calculated for the two investigated steam injectors.     

Generation of hydrogen isotopes with an electricpulse hydride injector

An Electric Pulse Hydride Injector (EPHI) designed for safe interim tritium storagehas been developed for the dosed supply of hydrogen isotopes in a time interval ranging fromseveral milliseconds up to hundreds of seconds. The release of gas occurs via current pulsesthrough the active elements of the EPHI, each of which is made of a thin molybdenum foil coatedon both sides with a thin titanium powder layer. The pulses are generated by a twenty sectorcurrent source. With this source the foils can be heated individually or in groups. In this way it ispossible to release a wide spectrum of hydrogen quantities. The shape, height and length of thecurrent pulses can be varied as required to release a predetermined amount of hydrogen.An extensive parametric study on the performance of the injector has been carried out inthe laboratory. The data obtained have been used for the development of a model thatsatisfactorily describes the injector operation. © 1999 International Association for HydrogenEnergy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Disintegration process and performance of a coaxial porous injector

In order to understand the breakup performance of coaxial porous injectors, the sprays of coaxial porous injectors with two different porous material cylinder lengths were compared with those of conventional shear coaxial injectors. To allow comparison, the wall injection lengths were designed to be equivalent to the value of the recess depth. Cold flow sprays were visualized using back-lit photography methods and analyzed quantitatively with a laser diffraction apparatus, in order to study the effects of the momentum flux ratio and Weber number on the breakup for each type of injector. In case of the shear coaxial injector, the large liquid core was observed in low air mass flow rate condition. However, the destabilization of the liquid jet from the coaxial porous injector is almost complete within the inner region, near the injector face plate. Additionally, better breakup performance in low gas flow rate condition was obtained when the porous cylinder length decreased, while the shear coaxial injectors showed better breakup efficiency when the recess length increased. In conclusion, the different breakup process caused by the radial momentum in the inner region of the porous injector disintegrated the liquid core.     

富氧燃烧系统注氧器数值模拟计算

注氧器是富氧燃烧系统关键装备之一。本文针对富氧燃烧技术的特性,建立了包含纯氧注入装置的喷嘴及烟气管道的CFD计算模型,通过工程设计和模拟分析最终得到了可供示范工程使用的氧注入设备,并对注氧器相关技术问题进行了论述,最后推选出适合富氧燃烧系统的注氧器方案。     

Spray characteristics of high-pressure swirl injector fueled with alcohol

The spray characteristics of methanol and ethanol with high-pressure swirl injector were explored experimentally and numerically. experimental results show that the spray characteristics of methanol and ethanol had displayed the same trends as that of gasoline. Under the low back-pressure ambient conditions, the spray behavior exhibited a hollow cone with wide spray angle and initial spray slug at the tip, while the spray presented a solid cone in the case of high back-pressure. Vortexes in the opposite direction existed in the rear part of the spray under low back-pressure ambient conditions while the vortexes formed in the middle part under high back-pressure ambient conditions. Experiments also showed that methanol had the largest cone angle, while ethanol and gasoline presented almost the same cone angle. Simulation results indicated that methanol and ethanol had a slightly larger Sauter mean diameter (SMD) than that of gasoline with swirl injector. The SMD profile of methanol coincided well with that of ethanol under low back-pressure ambient conditions, but displayed a slightly larger value under high back-pressure due to fuel evaporation Numerical simulation could successfully demonstrate the spray characteristics of high-pressure swirl injector for methanol and ethanol fuels. Translated from Transactions of CSICE, 2006, 24(1): 1–8 [译自: 内燃机学报]