赭曲霉毒素A检测方法的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A, OTA)是一种具有极端毒性、污染广泛及危害严重的次级代谢产物。由于赭曲霉毒素A具有这些特点且食品安全问题越来越被人们广泛关注, 所以确定食品和商品中的OTA污染水平非常重要。目前对于OTA的检测, 已经建立了非常多的分析手段, 如薄层色谱法(thin layer chromatography, TLC)、高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)、酶联免疫技术(enzyme linked immunosorlent assay, ELISA)、时间分辨荧光免疫分析技术(time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay, TRFIA)等。本文综述了多种赭曲霉毒素A的检测分析方法, 简介了它们的优缺点及研究进展, 并进行了比较, 以期为食品中赭曲霉毒素A的检测研究提供一些参考。     

食品中赭曲霉毒素A检测方法研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A, OTA)是曲霉属和青霉属等有毒真菌产生的一类次级代谢产物,是常见污染食品的五大真菌毒素之一,具有较强的肾毒性、肝毒性、神经毒性和免疫毒性,以及致畸、致癌和致突变作用。OTA广泛存在于各种谷物及其制品、葡萄与葡萄酒、咖啡等多种食品原料及其成品中,严重威胁人体健康,因此有必要建立快速、准确、灵敏的OTA检测方法。针对食品中OTA的检测,目前已经拥有许多方法,如薄层色谱法,高效液相色谱法,液相-质谱联用法以及酶联免疫吸附法等。本研究对赭曲霉毒素A不同检测方法的原理、优缺点等进行归纳总结,旨在为食品中OTA的检测提供支持。     

谷物类食品中赭曲霉毒素A分析方法的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A是由真菌产生的次级代谢产物,由于其具有极强的肾脏毒性、致癌性、致畸性,且对食品污染的范围广泛,许多国家对其制定了严格的限量标准。目前对谷物中赭曲霉毒素A的检测方法主要有薄层色谱分析法、高效液相色谱法、酶联免疫吸附法、毛细管电泳法和胶体金试纸条法等。随着检测水平的提高,对食品中的赭曲霉毒素A限量标准的要求也在不断地提高。建立安全、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好的检测体系将成为今后研究的重点。     

葡萄及其制品中赭曲霉毒素A的污染现状及检测技术研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A (ochratoxin A, OTA)是由青霉属与曲霉属真菌产生的次级代谢产物之一,容易污染葡萄及其制品,是葡萄产业面临的重要问题之一。OTA具有急性、慢性、亚慢性毒性,对消费者健康存在潜在威胁。鉴于OTA的污染和毒性,世界各地对其制定了严苛的限量标准。因此,快速、高效、灵敏的OTA检测技术的开发与应用备受关注。本文综述了葡萄及其制品中OTA的污染现状,以及葡萄和葡萄制品生产过程中影响OTA污染的因素,总结近年来OTA传统检测技术的发展,重点介绍标记型与非标记型电化学适配体传感器的研究进展,讨论不同检测技术的优势和局限性,展望OTA检测技术的发展,以期为葡萄及其制品中OTA的研究提供理论基础。     

免疫学法检测赭曲霉毒素A研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A是曲霉属和青霉属某些真菌次级代谢产物,其毒性大、污染范围广、与人类健康关系密切。对赭曲霉毒素A检测是利用其本身荧光特性进行高灵敏度荧光检测,易受其它本底物荧光干扰,造成检测周期长,成本高;免疫化学分析具有高度特异性、灵敏性和快速简便等优点,在赭曲霉毒素A检测中应用广泛,其中,免疫传感器具有独特专一性和选择性,在赭曲霉毒素A检测领域能发挥更大优势。     

稻米中黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素A的研究进展

真菌毒素是由某些丝状真菌产生的有毒代谢产物,在自然界中普遍存在,严重威胁人畜健康。综述了黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素A的理化性质及危害,在稻米中的污染现状、限量标准及分析方法等方面进行阐述,希望能给真菌毒素的研究提供一些参考。      

控制葡萄及其制品中赭曲霉毒素A的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)是一种有毒的真菌次级代谢产物,在葡萄及其制品中经常被检出。本文综述了控制葡萄及其制品中OTA的主要措施,包括抑制OTA产生菌的生长及其产毒和去除已产生的OTA两方面。葡萄中的致病菌主要是青霉和曲霉,而炭黑曲霉是其中最主要OTA产生菌,通过模拟葡萄生长及葡萄制品的生产过程,发现温度、光照、湿度等因素是影响OTA产生菌的生长及其产毒的重要因素。去除OTA的方法概括的分为物理方法、化学方法、生物方法,其中生物降解OTA是目前研究的热点。      

赭曲霉毒素A的检测方法的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素(OTA)是烈性的肾脏毒和肝脏毒,并具有致癌、致畸和致突变性。建立相关检测方法对防止OTA进入人类食物链具有重要意义。本文针对OTA的三种检测方法：薄层层析法、高压液相色谱法、酶联免疫吸附法做一综述。     

赭曲霉毒素A快速检测技术研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A危害大且污染范围广,快速、灵敏的赭曲霉毒素A的检测方法可以有效监控其污染。本文综述了赭曲霉毒素A的快速检测技术研究进展,集中在酶联免疫技术、胶体金免疫层析技术、免疫亲和柱层析净化-荧光光度法联用技术以及其较新的非免疫技术等,并对其中存在的问题和发展方向进行了讨论与展望。     

茶叶中赭曲霉毒素A安全性风险研究进展

茶叶是世界上消费量最大的饮品之一,其品饮安全性对消费者健康及茶产业发展尤为重要.近年来关于茶叶是否存在真菌毒素污染的问题引起了社会的广泛关注和消费者的诸多疑虑,如何科学客观地对待这个问题十分关键.赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)是一种危害性较大的真菌毒素,其产生菌种类繁多,污染广泛,能溶于水且不易降解,具有较强的肝肾毒性和致畸、...     

浙江省5大类食物中赭曲霉毒素A暴露评估

目的 评价浙江省居民膳食赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)暴露风险。方法 收集2018—2019年浙江省居民消费食物5大类24种共518份,结合浙江省2015—2016年膳食消费量调查数据,对居民OTA膳食暴露进行评估。结果 OTA只在谷物及其制品中检出,而水果、茶叶、膨化食品、婴幼儿谷类辅食中均未检出OTA。燕麦及其制品OTA检出率最高为16.1%(5/31);OTA阳性样本含量范围为0.53～4.00μg/kg,其中燕麦及其制品检出含量最高,为4.00μg/kg;OTA含量均未超过我国限量标准（5μg/kg）。暴露评估显示,浙江省全人群中绝大多数消费情景下谷物及其制品膳食OTA暴露量为0.004～7.360 ng/kg BW,在OTA的安全摄入范围内（14 ng/kg BW）;少数高污染高消费情景下,稻谷OTA摄入量为19.627 ng/kg BW,是安全摄入量的140.19%。不同年龄组人群以1～6岁组每日摄入量最高,为0.014～34.644 ng/kg BW,是安全摄入量的0.10%～247.46%。本研究中稻谷是浙江省居民膳食OTA的主要贡献食物,不同消费人群贡献率达到87.22%～9...     

Ochratoxin A in grape pekmez (grape molasses) consumed in Turkey

In this study, ochratoxin A (OTA) in 55 home-made, 20 commercial and 7 organic grape pekmez (grape molasses) produced in Turkey was investigated. OTA was detected in 73% of home-made pekmez samples, in 35% of commercial pekmez samples and in 71% of organic pekmez samples. Eleven per cent of the samples had OTA levels higher than 10 µg/l. The highest OTA level (31 µg/l) was detected in organic pekmez. The maximum OTA levels were 15 µg/l and 12 µg/l in home-made and commercial pekmez samples, respectively. Mean OTA levels were 3.5 µg/l, 1.4 µg/l and 9.2 µg/l in home-made, commercial and organic pekmez samples, respectively. Organic pekmez samples and home-made pekmez samples had higher OTA contamination than commercial pekmez samples. Results confirm OTA contamination in grape pekmez samples, indicating that the OTA level in grape pekmez could be a potential risk for consumers.     

Ochratoxin A in Brazilian roasted and instant coffees

Thirty-four samples of roast and ground coffee, 14 samples of instant coffee and two samples of decaffeinated instant coffee were collected in markets and supermarkets in the city of Campinas, Brazil, and analysed for ochratoxin A using immunoaffinity columns for clean-up and HPLC with fluorescence detection for quantification. The limit of detection was 0.2 ng/g ochratoxin A. Twenty-three samples of ground and roast coffee were found to be contaminated with the toxin at levels ranging between 0.3 and 6.5 ng/g. The average concentration in all 34 samples was 0.9 ng/g. All samples of instant coffee contained ochratoxin A at levels ranging from 0.5 to 5.1 ng/g, with an average figure of 2.2 ng/g. Roast and ground coffee is the type of coffee most used by Brazilians for the preparation of the beverage. Considering that an average Brazilian adult takes five cups of coffee per day, which corresponds to 30 g of roast and ground coffee, the probable daily intake of ochratoxin A by a 70 kg adult would be 0.4 ng/kg bw, which is far below the current Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake of 14 ng/kg bw for ochratoxin A as set by the Codex Alimentarius. To study the transfer of ochratoxin A into coffee brew, the beverage was prepared by two methods: (a) the drip method and (b) the Brazilian country style method. No significant difference was observed between the two methods in terms of extraction of the toxin using five contaminated samples containing between 0.8 and 6.5 ng/g ochratoxin A. The drip method extracted 86 +/- 15% and the Brazilian country style 74 +/- 20% of the ochratoxin A initially present in the roast and ground coffee.     

谷物中赭曲霉毒素A化学发光酶免疫分析法的建立

建立了间接竞争化学发光酶免疫法检测赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA),该方法IC50为112 pg/mL,检出限是2.47 pg/mL,平均批内和批间变异系数分别为7.03%和14.7%。在大米和小麦样本中添加浓度1.5～6μg/kg的OTA标品,平均回收率在66.97%～97.96%之间,与其他常见真菌毒素未见交叉反应。将该方法应用于30份谷物样本(包括20份大米样本和10份小麦样本)中OTA的检测,检测结果与商品化ELISA试剂盒的相关系数R2=0.942 4。该方法简单、灵敏、快速、准确适用于谷物中OTA的检测。     

Effects of ochratoxin A on micronucleus frequenncy in human lymphocytes

Ochratoxin A (OTA( a nephrotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin, was investigated to examine its potency to induce micronuclei (MN) in cultured human lymphocytes. Lymphocyte cultures were treated for the last 48 h with OTA at concentrations of 25 μM , 10 μM , 1 μM , 100 nM , 10 nM , 1 nM , and 100 pM and absolute ethanol. At the highest concentration, OTA was found to induce MN in cytokinesis‐blocked lymphocytes (p < 05). The 25 μM OTA concentration also led to a clear decrease in the percentage of binucleated cells, probably due to cytotoxicity. OTA at the other concentrations tested did not induce MN frequency. These results indicate that a high concentration of OTA is genotoxic in cultured human lymphocytes.     

应用胶体金试纸条快速检测赭曲霉毒素A的研究

本文介绍了一种快速检测赭曲霉毒素A的胶体金试纸条的研制方法，其中包括胶体金的生产、金标抗体的制备、试纸条的组装和测试等步骤。测试结果表明赭曲霉毒素A快速检测试纸条的检测限为10ng／ml，检测时间为10min，加上使用方便，经济适用，使之适合于赭曲霉毒素A现场快速检测之用。     

Simple liquid chromatography assay for analyzing ochratoxin A in bovine milk

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin with teratogenic and carcinogenic properties. Animal intake of feedstuffs contaminated with OTA may cause that some residues may be found in bovine milk, therefore, its analysis requires a highly sensitive, simple and precise technique.