聚合物型水处理阻垢剂的研究进展

从聚合反应的角度,介绍了羧酸类聚合物、磺酸类聚合物、含磷水溶性聚合物以及新型绿色聚合物等水处理阻垢剂的研究进展,并提出了今后发展水处理阻垢剂的一些建议.     

环糊精在水处理中的应用

简介了环糊精（ＣＤ）聚合物用于水处理的原理和物理性能，ＣＤ聚合物水处理法，可使水中污染物浓度减少到１０＾－１２，可发展成一种灵活、高效、使用方便的水处理技术。     

荧光水处理药剂的合成

荧光水处理药剂的合成和应用研究是目前水处理领域的前沿,介绍了荧光聚合物的发展状况和合成方法．即通过含一定侧基的聚合物与一定的有机荧光衍生物之间的(转)酰胺反应或水处理剂单体与荧光化合物或由其标记的单体进行的共聚反应合成荧光聚合物。     

环境友好水处理剂的研究及应用进展

聚合物类阻垢剂广泛应用于循环冷却水中。本文概要评述了近年来环境友好型水处理剂的研究及应用进展,其主要品种有含膦羧酸聚合物、聚环氧琥珀酸、聚天冬氨酸及其衍生物等,并指出了多功能绿色水处理剂及其清洁化生产是未来工业水处理化学品最主流的发展方向。     

聚合物驱采出水处理技术进展

随着聚合物驱油的广泛应用,含聚污水也在逐年增加。与水驱采出水相比,聚合物驱采出水水质性质复杂,并且聚合物的存在使水处理难度增大,其处理已经成为亟待解决的问题。本文分析了聚合物驱采出水的特性,论述了聚合物驱采出水处理方法,并对今后聚合物驱采出水处理提出了建议。     

循环冷却水处理技术进展(一)

循环冷却水处理技术在半个多世纪中得到了快速发展,所使用的水处理药剂从开始时的铬酸盐到聚磷酸盐、有机磷酸盐、不饱和羧酸聚合物、磺酸盐聚合物;水处理方案从开始时的加酸运行,到自然ｐＨ运行;浓缩倍数从低到高;处理目的从解决腐蚀问题到既解决腐蚀,又解决结垢,同时节约用水,减少污水排放,生产装置长周期运行等     

控制絮凝剂的投加絮凝水中悬浮物的水处理方法和设备Miyanoshita,Tomoaki（Japan Organo Co．，Ltd．，Japan）日本公开特许公报JP 2002 66，568 2002，3，58页（日文）

该水处理方法包括以下几步：向原水中投加无机絮凝剂，然后加聚合物絮凝剂，将悬浮固体物絮凝成细小矾花。聚合物絮凝剂的投加量无机絮凝剂加入后的矾花形成情况决定。该水处理设备包括用于向水中投加无机絮凝剂的混合槽、聚合物絮凝剂混合槽、用于沉淀分离矾花的沉淀池、过滤设备和测定矾花形成程度的设备、控制聚合物絮凝剂投加量的设备。     

AMPS多元聚合物水处理剂的研究进展

2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)是一种丙烯酰胺类单体,由于分子中具有磺酸基团和不饱和乙烯双键,因此该聚合物具有良好的阻垢、分散等性能,与其它的单体共聚形成的多元聚合物在水处理剂中有良好的使用效果。本文对AMPS多元聚合物的特点及其在水处理方面的应用做一综述。     

索尔维推出含氟聚合物材料等水处理方案

近日，索尔维特种聚合物事业部推出面向中空纤维膜、平板膜和管式膜的丰富砜类聚合物和含氟聚合物系列产品，可为客户提供最优化的水处理解决方案。     

水处理药剂的监控方法

本专利介绍了一种可用于冷却水系统和锅炉水系统水处理药剂监控的方法。该方法可直接测量一种或多种活性聚合物组分。一般聚合物水处理剂在水系统中以游离或不游离状态存在。而游离聚合物占总聚合物量的比率决定了聚合物的药效，总的聚合物的量可以通过实际加入系统的药剂的量来确定，而游离聚     

稻茬免（少）耕小麦田除草技术试验研究

1995～1996年在稻茬免耕小麦田,进行了播前和播后药剂除草试验.结果表明,播前用41%草甘膦75ml/667m~2或20%百草枯100ml/667m~2防除杂草效果分别为96、94.1%.播后4天用10%甲黄隆4g/667m~2、10%甲黄隆4g/667m~2+25%异丙隆100g/667m~2.对总草株防效分别61.4、80.3%,明显优于50%丁草胺100ml/667m~2防效(44.2%).而在小麦苗2叶1心期用10%甲黄隆4g/667m~2、10%甲黄隆4g/667m~2+25%异丙隆100g/667m~2、10%甲·绿5g/667m~2、25%异丙隆250g/667m~2,对总草株防效分别达82.6、97.3、90.0、88.3%.且比播后土壤处理防效好,并对小麦较安全.示范推广应用中,将播前和播后药剂除草技术相结合,可有效控制稻茬免(少)耕小麦田草害.     

高底物浓度纤维乙醇同步糖化发酵工艺的比较

引言日益加剧的能源危机和环境污染,正迫使人们寻求新的可再生替代能源。纤维乙醇作为一种重要的生物质替代能源,经过近40多年的发展,已经具备了实现工业化生产的潜力。为了进一步降低纤     

Polyamide 66 nanocomposites based on organoclays treated with thermally stable phosphonium salts

Purification of bentonite clays and their modification with two thermally stable (alkyl and aryl) phosphonium organic salts were investigated. The organoclays were subsequently melt compounded with Polyamide 66 (PA66), with and without the use of an elastomeric compatibilizer. The morphology, melt flow, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the binary and ternary nanocomposites were studied. The bentonite clay was purified by sedimentation, resulting in higher cation exchange capacity and thermal stability in comparison with unpurified clay. These were then used in the synthesis of two thermally stable organoclays by replacing the interlayer sodium cations with two (alkyl and aryl) phosphonium surfactant cations to circumvent the problem of low temperature decomposition of quaternary ammonium organoclays usually used in polymer nanocomposites. The organoclay with aliphatic groups showed more compatibility with PA66 in comparison with the organoclay with aromatic groups. Thus, the use of organoclay with aliphatic groups resulted in nanocomposites with higher tensile strength, higher modulus, higher elongation at break, and higher impact strength in comparison with the nanocomposites produced from the organoclay with aromatic groups. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Intimin及其受体Tir在致病性大肠杆菌致细胞线粒体功能障碍中的作用

目的探讨致病性大肠杆菌(Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli,EPEC)外膜蛋白Intimin及其受体Tir在EPEC致HeLa细胞线粒体功能障碍中的作用。方法将EPEC外膜蛋白Intimin及其受体Tir删除株、相应质粒互补株或染色体互补株感染HeLa细胞,用线粒体膜电位(Mitochondria membrane potential,MMP)检测试剂JC-1染色细胞线粒体,通过多功能酶标仪检测MMP水平,Western blot检测Intimin的表达及Tir的转位。结果与野生型菌株相比,Eae删除株和Tir删除株感染细胞的MMP功能显著减弱(P<0.05),Eae删除株功能能被质粒表达相应蛋白所互补,Tir删除株不能被质粒表达Tir互补,但可被染色质表达野生型Tir或TirY474S互补,而染色质TirS434A突变株不能引起明显的MMP下降。结论 Intimin和Tir是参与线粒体功能障碍的重要分子;TirS434在线粒体功能障碍中起重要作用。     

产纤维素酶细菌的筛选及其紫外诱变

采用刚果红脱色圈法初筛得到143株有纤维素酶活性的细菌。然后采用DNS法复筛得到纤维素酶酶活最高的6株细菌,进一步进行紫外诱变处理,获得酶活提高最大且具有遗传稳定性的菌株E140’,酶活为0．90IU·mL^-1,较出发菌株（0．68IU·mL^-1）提高了32．35％。表明采用刚果红脱色圈法和DNS法联合筛选并结合紫外诱变。可以获得纤维素酶活性高的细菌。     

Electromechanical behavior of hybrid carbon/glass fiber composites with tension and bending

To understand the smart (i.e., good memory) characteristics of hybrid composites of carbon fibers (CFs) and glass fibers (GFs) with epoxy resin as a matrix, the changes in the electrical resistance of composites with tension and on bending were investigated. The electrical resistance behavior of composites under tension changed with the composition of the CF/GF, as well as with the applied strain. The fractional electrical resistance increased slowly with increasing strain within a relatively low strain region. However, with further loading it increased stepwise with the strain according to the fracture of the CF layers. The strain sensitivity of the samples increased with increasing CF weight percentage, and the samples incorporating more than 40 wt % CF showed a strain sensitivity higher than 1.54 for a single CF. The changes in the fractional electrical resistance with bending were not so dominant as those with tension. This difference was attributed to the action of two cancelling effects, which are the increasing and decreasing fractional electrical resistance due to tension and compression with bending, respectively. On recovery from a large applied bending, the fractional electrical resistance decreased slowly with unloading because of the increase of contacts between the fibers that resulted from the reorganization of ruptured CFs during the recovery. Even the composites incorporating a relatively small CF content showed an irreversible electrical resistance with both tension and bending. However, the strain sensitivity being larger with tension than with bending is ascribed to the difference in their mechanical behaviors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2447–2453, 2002     

非环状乙缩醛表面活性剂的合成

非环状乙缩醛表面活性剂是一类可分解的表面活性剂。本文以氯化氢为催化剂，脂肪醇与三聚甲醛醚化得到脂肪基氯甲基醚，再与环氧氯丙烷烷基化后加聚乙二醇缩合得到非环状乙缩醛表面活性剂，并考察了其在纺织印染助剂中的应用。     

Effects of Fat Content and Solid Fat Content on Caramel Texture Attributes

Fat plays an important role in caramel quality attributes, yet there is very little published work on how fat type and level influence caramel characteristics. Fat content was increased from 0 to 20 % to determine the effects of total fat content on caramel texture attributes such as cold flow, hardness, stickiness and tensile strength. Solid fat content (SFC) was also varied, from 3 to 90 %, by using commercially‐available fats with varied SFC at 22 °C. Cold flow decreased significantly with increased fat content, with greater effect for fats with higher SFC. Changes in caramel hardness with fat content were dependent on SFC. Hardness generally decreased with increasing fat content for the fats with low SFC, with the 3 % SFC fat softening the most. Hardness increased slightly with fat content for the hardest fat (90 % SFC). Stickiness generally decreased with increasing fat content although the effect was significantly higher with higher SFC fats. These results document that both fat content and SFC significantly influence caramel texture attributes.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清中基质金属蛋白酶-2的表达

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征与血清基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的相关性。方法应用酶图(SDS-PAGE en-zymograph)和Western blot方法检测50名急性冠脉综合征患者(27名ST段抬高急性心肌梗塞患者和23名不稳定性心绞痛患者)、20名稳定性心绞痛患者及40名正常对照者的血清MMP-2水平。结果急性心肌梗塞组血清MMP-2水平明显高于不稳定性心绞痛组;急性心肌梗塞组及不稳定性心绞痛组血清MMP-2水平明显高于正常对照组;稳定性心绞痛组与正常对照组差异无显著意义;急性心肌梗塞组及不稳定性心绞痛组血清MMP-2水平高于稳定性心绞痛组。结论急性冠脉综合征患者血清MMP-2水平明显升高,其水平可能与冠状动脉斑块的稳定性相关。     

凹凸棒土与纳米二氧化硅对高强石膏浆体3D可打印性的影响

本文研究了凹凸棒土(ATP)和纳米二氧化硅(NS)对3D打印用α半水石膏浆体泵送性、流变性、支撑性等可打印性及固化体力学强度的影响。结果表明,掺入ATP后,泵送力维持在(0.57±0.02) kN,浆体剪切应力与剪切应变曲线不随掺量增加而发生明显变化,0 h、4 h打印体坍塌角分别从空白组的24°、32°降至掺量为2.8%(质量分数,下同)时的8°、11°。与ATP相比,打印浆体掺加NS后泵送力明显增加,掺加2.8%NS浆体的泵送力是同掺量ATP浆体的近2倍,浆体剪切初始应力随NS掺量增加而增大。虽然掺加NS使浆体泵送阻力增大,NS较ATP对打印体的支撑性却明显提升,掺加2.8%NS打印体0 h、4 h均无明显坍塌。ATP和NS在1%~2%掺量时浆体均可打印,且固化打印体抗压强度均有所增加,但层间粘结强度均削弱约2/3。