SHL—20—13—A锅炉炉拱改造

１前言 南京烷基苯厂有两台 ＳＨＬ— ２０— １３— Ａ锅炉,一台ＳＨＬ—１０—１６—Ａ锅炉,锅炉适用燃料为Ⅱ类烟煤,自１９８２年投用以来,两台２０ｔ／ｈ锅炉最大产汽量在 １４ｔ／ｈ 以下,未能达到额定蒸发量,同时,锅炉热效率也较低。近年来,锅炉前后拱老化脱落严重、针对这种情况,于１９９９年对一台２０ｔ／ｈ锅炉进行了炉拱改造,经过改造锅炉蒸发量达到２０ｔ／ｈ,热效率达到７８％,收到了较好的效果。２改造前工况分析 改造前炉拱结构如图１所示。 经过分析,改造前炉拱有以下缺陷： （１）前拱对炉排的有效面积即覆盖…     

低Cr—Mo—Re抗磨铸铁抛丸机叶片的生产研究

试制一种低Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ－Ｒｅ抗磨铸铁抛丸机叶片，代替青岛黄河铸造机械有限公司的叶片，新叶片的硬度ＨＲＣ≥６２，冲击值ＡＫ≥６（Ｊ）可代替购买的叶片，每年为工厂节省７０多万人民币。     

汽轮发电机组转子—轮盘—叶片系统耦合扭转振动研究

在传统的汽轮发电机转子系统强度及振动计算中,转子,叶片是分开考虑的,忽略了相互间的耦合作用,随着大扭曲长叶片的普遍采用,进行精胡的转子－轮盘－叶片耦合拓动分析对防止叶片,轮盘,转子事故已很有必要,本文提出了一种转子,轮系耦合扭转振动的分析方法,将耦合系统分为主部件转子和分支部件轮盘－叶片系统,分支部件的各阶模态可简化为等效的质量－弹簧系统,这样可以将原来大规模耦合振动系统降阶为低阶等效的小规模耦保系统,进而求出其频率和振型。     

SHW4—13—A型锅炉的改造

本文介绍通过目前带有普遍指导意义的几项先进改造措施的综合应用,成功地对一台散装锅炉进行了增容和改造,并对该炉改造的前因后果进行了概述。     

STF—Ⅲ型双通道煤粉燃烧器在HG—220／10—YM10型锅炉中应用

HG－220／100－YM10型锅炉采用STF－Ⅲ型双通道煤粉燃烧器技术改造后，炉内空气动力场测定，并对锅炉进行了热态经济性测定试验，提高了锅炉效率。     

柴油－甲醇－水复合乳化燃料喷雾特性的研究

本文介绍了柴油一甲醇一水复合乳化燃料的喷雾特性的研究。作者采用４ｆ十字光路激光全息法，在一台拉径为１００ｍｍ、冲程为１２０Ｙｎｍ、加长活血直喷式单缸试验机上研究了不同配比复合乳化燃料的喷雾发展过程和燃烧室内空气运动对喷雾发展的形响，以及它的喷雾油滴粒度大小及其分布特性。该项研究为进一步研究柴油机燃用这种新型乳化燃料的燃烧特性和合理组织燃烧过程提供了依据。     

Performance characteristics of a glowplug assisted low heat rejection diesel engine using ethanol

Conventional diesel engines with ethanol as fuel are associated with problems due to high self-ignition temperature of the fuel. The hot surface ignition method, wherein a part of the injected fuel is made to touch an electrically heated hot surface (glowplug) for ignition, is an effective way of utilizing ethanol in conventional diesel engines. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of thermal insulation on ethanol fueled compression ignition engine. One of the important ethanol properties to be considered in the high compression ratio engine is the long ignition delay of the fuel, normally characterized by lower cetane number. In the present study, the ignition delay was controlled by partial insulation of the combustion chamber (low heat rejection engine) by plasma spray coating of yttria stabilized zirconia for a thickness of 300 μm. Experiments were carried out on the glowplug assisted engine with and without insulation in order to find out the possible benefits of combustion chamber insulation in ethanol and diesel operation. Highest brake thermal efficiency of 32% was obtained with ethanol fuel by insulating the combustion chamber. Emissions of the unburnt hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxides were higher than that of diesel. But the smoke intensity and was less than that of diesel engine. Volumetric efficiency of the engine was reduced by a maximum of 9% in LHR mode of operation.     

直喷式柴油机油膜雾化燃烧的半经验数学模型

本文建立了直喷式柴油机油膜雾化燃烧的半经验数学模型，即在实验研究的基础上利用数值分析技术在计算机上研究直喷式柴油机油膜雾化燃烧工作过程。该模型由燃烧室壁上油膜蒸发子模型和燃烧室空间雾化燃烧子模型耦合而成。并利用数学模型对６Ｅ１５０Ｃ型柴油机做了模拟计算。经实测验证，其结果是令人满意的。     

Comprehensive study of biodiesel fuel for HSDI engines in conventional and low temperature combustion conditions

In this research, an experimental investigation has been performed to give insight into the potential of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) diesel engines. The scope of this work has been broadened by comparing the combustion characteristics of diesel and biodiesel fuels in a wide range of engine loads and EGR conditions, including the high EGR rates expected for future diesel engines operating in the low temperature combustion (LTC) regime.The experimental work has been carried out in a single-cylinder engine running alternatively with diesel and biodiesel fuels. Conventional diesel fuel and neat biodiesel have been compared in terms of their combustion performance through a new methodology designed for isolating the actual effects of each fuel on diesel combustion, aside from their intrinsic differences in chemical composition.The analysis of the results has been sequentially divided into two progressive and complementary steps. Initially, the overall combustion performance of each fuel has been critically evaluated based on a set of parameters used as tracers of the combustion quality, such as the combustion duration or the indicated efficiency. With the knowledge obtained from this previous overview, the analysis focuses on the detailed influence of biodiesel on the different diesel combustion stages known ignition delay, premixed combustion and mixing controlled combustion, considering also the impact on CO and UHC pollutant emissions.The results of this research explain why the biodiesel fuel accelerates the diesel combustion process in all engine loads and EGR rates, even in those corresponding with LTC conditions, increasing its possibilities as alternative fuel for future DI diesel engines.     

柴油机变通道涡流室式燃烧室的研究

本文提出了一种柴油机新型涡流室式燃烧室——变通道涡流室式燃烧室.研究结果表明,这种燃烧室由于减少了通道流动损失并加速了主燃烧室的放热速率,在柴油机宽广的运行范围内,其热效率比原涡流室式燃烧室大大提高,而排温、烟度和噪声也有较大改善.它兼有直喷式和涡流室式柴油机燃烧方式的优点,是一种高效率的涡流室式燃烧室.     

影响涡流室式柴油机冷起动性能的因素分析

分析了所测冷起动过程连续示功图,揭示了低的环境温度对压缩压力、温度、摩擦扭矩、起动电池输出电压、燃油喷射压力和燃油雾化等的影响,并利用高速摄影研究了涡流室式柴油机冷起动过程中非稳态燃烧状况,为进一步改善其冷起动性能提供了参考。     

柴油机燃用柴油－甲醇－水复合乳化燃料的研究

本文介绍柴油机燃用柴油－甲醇－水复合乳化燃料的研究。采用自行研制的复合型乳化剂、使用机械搅拌分步乳化法和超声乳化法配制了多种配比的复合乳化燃料。通过台架试验得出了复合乳化燃料的最佳配比，分析了燃用不同配比的复合乳化燃料对柴油机的经济性、动力性、燃烧过程和排放特性的影响；使用全气缸取样系统研究了柴油机燃用不同燃料时缸内微粒生成历程。试验表明，燃用复合乳化燃料时缸内微粒生成量大幅度减少，下降值最大可达４０．７％，首次以实验手段揭示了柴油机燃用乳化燃料时烟度降低的关键原因。试验也表明，这种复合乳化燃料具有乳化剂用量少、稳定性好的特点；ＺＨ１９０Ｗ型柴油机燃用Ｄ８５Ｍ７．５Ｗ７．５复合乳化燃料时获得了满意的性能．     

Performance and emission characteristics of a Kirloskar HA394 diesel engine operated on fish oil methyl esters

The high viscosity of fish oil leads to problem in pumping and spray characteristics. The inefficient mixing of fish oil with air leads to incomplete combustion. The best way to use fish oil as fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines is to convert it into biodiesel. It can be used in CI engines with very little or no engine modifications. This is because it has properties similar to mineral diesel. Combustion tests for methyl ester of fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel were performed in a kirloskar H394 DI diesel engine, to evaluate fish biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine, at constant speed of 1500 rpm under variable load conditions. The tests showed no major deviations in diesel engine's combustion as well as no significant changes in the engine performance and reduction of main noxious emissions with the exception on NO_x. Overall fish biodiesel showed good combustion properties and environmental benefits.     

正丁醇/柴油发动机燃烧排放特性及喷油、燃烧室形状影响

针对某型号直喷柴油机,建立了该柴油机中单缸完整燃烧室及气道三维模型,使用三维计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)分析软件CONVERGE对其进行模拟计算,研究了正丁醇掺混比例对柴油机燃烧排放的影响。结果表明:随着正丁醇掺混比例的提高,峰值缸压、滞燃期和燃烧速度均呈递增趋势,碳烟及CO排放量逐渐减少,NO_x排放量小幅增加。为了进一步改善缸内燃烧情况和降低污染物排放,对正丁醇掺混时喷油策略、燃烧室几何形状的综合影响进行了研究,结果表明:掺混时多次喷油及采用合适的燃烧室模型可以有效改善掺混后缸内油气混合情况,增加缸内湍动能强度,进一步降低碳烟排放量。与纯柴油工况对比,掺混并采用多次喷油策略后碳烟排放明显下降,且通过掺混能够有效简化喷油策略,但弱化了燃烧室形状对碳烟排放量的影响。