加工助剂对炭黑填充丁腈橡胶性能的影响

在填充50份(质量,下同)高耐磨炭黑(HAF)且用过氧化物硫化的丁腈橡胶(NBR)中使用一种新型加工助剂M(一种具有特定相对分子质量的含醚键和羟基等多种官能团的氟硅化合物),测定了炭黑填充NBR胶料的门尼黏度、硫化特性和硫化胶的物理机械性能,用橡胶加工分析仪和扫描电子显微镜对其进行了分析,并与加入硅烷偶联剂Si69及常用的以脂肪酸酯和不饱和脂肪酸锌皂为主要成分的2种分散剂进行了比较。结果表明,使用上述加工助剂均有利于炭黑在NBR胶料中的分散,胶料的加工性能和硫化胶的物理机械性能均得到不同程度的改善;以脂肪酸酯和不饱和脂肪酸锌皂为主要成分的分散剂能延缓炭黑填充NBR胶料的过氧化物硫化和降低硫化胶的交联密度;随着Si69的用量在2.0～6.0份范围内增加,胶料的正硫化时间减小,硫化胶的交联密度和定伸应力增加,而硫化胶的撕裂强度、耐热空气老化性、耐热油性、耐压缩永久变形性能和溶胀指数有下降的趋势;在Si69用量2.0～6.0份内及用量相同时,与无加工助剂和使用其他加工助剂相比,加工助剂M对胶料的硫化无明显影响,能够改善其加工性能,硫化胶的综合性能较好,其中耐热和压缩永久变形性能的改善最为明显。     

新型加工助剂DF对ACM胶料交联网络结构的影响

研究了自制的新型加工助剂DF对聚丙烯酸酯橡胶 (ACM )交联网络结构的影响 ,并与常规加工助剂硬脂酸和进口加工助剂WB进行了对比分析。试验结果表明 ,3种加工助剂的酸值大小依次为硬脂酸、DF和WB。加工助剂的酸性延迟了碱金属皂 /硫黄硫化体系的硫化进程 ,使硫化反应速度减慢 ,硫化程度降低。加工助剂对一段硫化ACM硫化胶交联密度的影响程度大小依次为硬脂酸、DF和WB。在相同的二段硫化时间内 ,随着加工助剂用量的增大 ,ACM硫化胶的压缩永久变形增大 ,增幅最大的是硬脂酸 ,WB和DF二者接近     

加工助剂对全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶性能的影响

研究加工助剂FNP-795对全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶性能的影响,并与其它不同类型的加工助剂进行比较.结果表明,胎面胶配方中加入1 份FNP-795可以改善胶料的加工性能,延长焦烧时间,显著降低硫化胶的压缩生热和压缩永久变形,而硫化胶物理性能基本保持不变.不同类型的加工助剂对胎面胶性能的影响有较大的差别,加工助剂FNP-795有助于提高胶料的加工性能.     

加工助剂在白炭黑胎面胶中的应用

研究加工助剂莱茵塑分ST和GT对溶聚丁苯橡胶(S-SBR)／BR胶料以及莱茵塑分ST用量对S-SBR／乳聚丁苯橡胶(E-SBR)／BR胶料性能的影响。结果表明，在S-SBR／BR胶料中加入莱茵塑分ST和GT，可以降低胶料的门尼粘度，改善胶料的加工性能，对硫化胶的物理性能影响不大。在S-SBR／E-SBR／BR胶料中加入莱茵塑分ST，可以显著改善胶料的加工性能，提高硫化胶的定伸应力和耐热老化性能；莱茵塑分ST用量为4份时，硫化胶的动态力学性能最佳。     

不同加工助剂在氟橡胶中的应用研究

研究加工助剂AC-617A(聚乙烯蜡),RL22(脂肪酸酯类润滑油)和巴西棕榈蜡对氟橡胶性能的影响。结果表明:3种加工助剂均可以提高氟橡胶胶料的流动性,改善胶料的加工性能,提高填料在氟橡胶中的分散性,其中巴西棕榈蜡对胶料流动性的改善效果优于加工助剂AC-617A和RL22,而加工助剂RL22和巴西棕榈蜡对填料在氟橡胶中的分散性的改善效果更显著;加工助剂AC-617A和巴西棕榈蜡对硫化胶物理性能和耐热空气老化性能的影响较小,加工助剂RL22对硫化胶的压缩永久变形影响稍大;加工助剂在氟橡胶中的建议用量为1份以下。     

加工助剂ZD-4在全钢载重子午线轮胎三角胶中的应用

摘要：研究加工助剂ZD-4在全钢载重子午线轮胎三角胶中的应用。结果表明,加工助剂ZD-4能够显著提高胶料中炭黑的分散性,改善胶料的挤出性能,提高硫化胶抗硫化返原能力,减少三角胶半成品喷霜现象的发生,但对硫化胶耐热老化性能和耐疲劳性能稍有不利影响;使用加工助剂ZD-4的成品轮胎耐久性能和高速性能提高。     

硫化活性剂Z-311在轮胎胶料中的应用

研究了硫化活性剂Ｚ－３１１在轮胎胶料中的应用效果。试验结果表明,加入２份硫化活性剂Ｚ－３１１可以降低胶料的门尼粘主菜利一专科有效加料的加工性能,可提高硫化胶的３００％定伸应力和硬度,降低因特里奇生热,改善耐热老化性能,明显提高轮胎的成品性能,延长轮胎的使用寿命。     

橡胶加工助剂ZD-2在橡胶履带花纹侧胶中的应用

研究橡胶加工助剂ZD-2在橡胶履带花纹侧胶中的应用。结果表明:在橡胶履带花纹侧胶中用橡胶加工助剂ZD-2等量替代增塑剂A,胶料的门尼粘度降低,焦烧时间延长,抗硫化返原性能提高,混炼工艺性能改善;硫化胶的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、耐磨性能和耐热老化性能提高;成品橡胶履带的使用寿命延长。     

橡胶加工助剂在NBR及ACM中的应用

研究了４种加工助剂在ＮＢＲ及丙烯酸酯橡胶（ＡＣＭ）中的应用。考察了不同加工助剂对其性能的影响，并进行了小配合试验和产品中试。结果表明，加入加工助剂后，硫化胶的炼胶过程功率消耗降低，胶料的流动性、耐油性及分散均匀性有所提高。加工助剂对ＡＣＭ硫化有延迟作用。综合硫化胶的物理性能，加工助剂用量以２份为宜。     

炭黑对ACM硫化胶性能的影响

研究了炭黑对ACM胶料的硫化特性、硫化胶力学性能、耐油性能以及耐热老化性能的影响.结果表明,在TCY/S用量分别为1.5份/0.3份,炭黑N220/N330用量分别为25份/25份时,ACM混炼胶具有较好的硫化特性,硫化胶具有较好的力学性能、耐油性能以及耐热老化性能.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。