中频磁控溅射钛酸锶钡薄膜的结构及性能

用中频磁控溅射制备了钛酸锶钡Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(简称MF-BST)薄膜,并对该薄膜进行原位晶化.XPS表明,MF-BST薄膜的表面成分Ba0.58Sr0.42Ti1.01O2.95和膜体成分Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3接近,主要由钙钛矿结构的BST组成.AFM表明,MF-BST薄膜的表面光滑致密.XRD表明,MF-BST薄膜晶化完全,呈(111)择优.XTEM观察及XPS刻蚀表明MF-BST/Pt界面过渡层约2nm厚,含少量的TixPtyOz.MF-BST薄膜电容器具有高达1200的介电常数及低达10-9A/cm2的漏电流密度.同时,该薄膜的结构及介电性能与射频磁控溅射及非原位晶化的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(简称RF-BST)薄膜进行了比较.     

Y掺杂(Ba0.6Sr0.4)0.8TiO3薄膜的结构及介电性能

通过钇(Y)掺杂、适当增加钛(Ti)含量和调节薄膜厚度等优化设计,用改善的溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法制备了光滑致密的Y掺杂多层钛酸锶钡(Ba0.6Sr0.4)0.8TiO3,BST)薄膜,研究了该薄膜的结构及介电性能。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,该薄膜为钙钛矿结构,但其衍射峰强度很弱,主要与Y掺杂和微过量Ti有效减弱其铁电性有关。原子力显微镜(AFM)表明,该薄膜晶化较弱,且随厚度的增加晶化减弱,和XRD结果一致。该薄膜比Y掺杂的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3薄膜显示更优异的综合介电性能,但与薄膜的厚度有关。随膜厚的增加,薄膜的电容和调谐率减小,但介电损耗大幅减小,其中,4层薄膜零偏压的介电常数为161、电损耗约为0.006,40V的调谐率为45.5%、优质因子大于75,可满足微波调谐器件的需要。     

改进水热法制备Ba0．5Sr0．5TiO3薄膜及其表征

采用改进水热法(金属Ti片与等浓度的Ba2 ,Sr2 强碱性溶液于250℃水热反应5 h,然后经过600℃,0.5 h烧结处理)制备了单一立方相的Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3薄膜.制备的Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3薄膜通过XRD,SEM和XPS进行表征分析.结果表明:600℃下经过0.5 h烧结处理的Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3薄膜结晶更完整;同时,制备的Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3薄膜表面吸附有OH,经过10 min刻蚀处理后,吸附的OH能谱峰消失.     

优异Y-BST薄膜的设计、制备及介电性能

就(Ba+Sr)/Ti的原子摩尔比例、掺杂浓度、薄膜厚度等优化设计钇掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(Y-BST)薄膜,用改进的溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上制备Y-BST薄膜,研究该薄膜的结构及介电性能。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,薄膜均为立方钙钛矿多晶结构,主要沿(110)晶面生长。随(Ba+Sr)/Ti比值的增加,BST薄膜衍射峰强度增加,晶化增强;Y-BST薄膜随掺杂浓度(>1%摩尔比)的增加,衍射强度减弱,晶化减弱,但随薄膜层数的增加,衍射强度增强,晶化增强。40V和100kHz的电压-电容测试表明,(Ba+Sr)/Ti比值为0.9及掺杂浓度为2%摩尔比的8层Y-BST薄膜具有最优综合介电性能:零偏压下的电容为18pF(介电常数137)、介电损耗小于1%,40V偏压下调谐率约为46%,优质因子约为77,能满足微波调谐需要。同时,就有关机理进行了分析。     

FeNi/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3核壳纳米结构的制备及低频吸波机理研究核壳纳米结构的制备及低频吸波机理研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末,并采用球磨方法将Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3与FeNi合金微粉进行包覆,成功制备了3种不同Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末添加量的FeNi/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3核壳结构粉体。采用SEM、XRD等技术分析了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3加入前后FeNi合金微粉的形态、组成,利用矢量网络分析仪测量了FeNi以及FeNi/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3复合材料的电磁参数。结果表明,成功制备了不规则颗粒状Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末,Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末大部分包覆于片状FeNi合金微粉表面,且随着Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末添加量的增加,包覆层厚度逐渐增大,FeNi合金片形态逐渐模糊。Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末包覆层有效降低了FeNi合金微粉的介电常数虚部,提高了其低频波段的阻抗匹配性能,实现铁电和铁磁双性材料的复合吸波效果,改善了低频吸波性能。利用1/4波长干涉相消理论对反射损耗峰频率与电磁参数关系进行了分析,并结合界面反射模型及材料阻抗匹配对反射损耗峰强度变化进行了分析。     

钇掺杂浓度梯度对BST薄膜介电特性的影响

用改进的溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法制备光滑致密的相邻两层钇(Y)掺杂浓度之差即掺杂浓度梯度分别为0、0.1%和0.3%摩尔比的6层钛酸锶钡(Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3)薄膜,分别表示为0YBST、1YBST和3YBST,研究掺杂浓度梯度对薄膜介电特性的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,薄膜为沿(110)晶面生长的立方钙钛矿多晶结构,其中,0YBST显示最强的晶化,1YBST显示最弱的晶化。0YBST具有最差的介电特性,而3YBST具有最佳的介电特性,介电损耗小于1%,优质因子大于40,可满足微波调谐需要。还讨论了介电损耗减小的机理。     

RE0．5Sr0．5CoO3-δ／YSZ薄膜的微观组织研究

采用离子束溅射法在氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）单晶衬底上生长了RE0．5Sr0．5CoO3-δ（RE=La，Pr，Nd）薄膜。采用X射线衍射（XRD）仪和扫描电镜（SEM）测试了RE0．5Sr0．5CoO3-δ（RESCO）薄膜的微结构和表面形貌。结果表明：RE0．5Sr0．5CoO3-δ系列薄膜沿〈110〉方向择优生长；La0．5Sr0．5CoO3-δ（LSCO）薄膜在550℃热处理后呈现Ostwald生长，具有分散的岛状结构，在热处理温度达到750℃时岛状结构发生靠拢，同时晶粒度增大；Pr0．5Sr0．5CoO3-δ（PSCO）薄膜在750℃热处理后具有长程有序结构，呈现枝晶生长。     

溶胶凝胶法制备Zn-Si-B-O掺杂钛酸锶钡(Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3)玻璃陶瓷的制备及其介电性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶方法制备Zn-Si-B-O掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷.研究Zn-Si-B-O玻璃组分从5%～50%(摩尔分数,下同)掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷的相结构与介电性能.分析Zn-Si-B-O玻璃组分对Ba0.6 Sr0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷结构及其介电性能的影响.结果表明:Zn-Si-B-O掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷的烧结温度低于传统工艺.Zn-Si-B-O掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷的相结构为立方钙钛矿相结构(≤40%),不存在第二相.Zn-Si-B-O掺杂Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷的介电常数ε随着烧结温度升高而增大,介电损耗tanδ随测试温度的增加而降低.Zn-Si-B-O玻璃相聚集在晶粒边界区域,其作用稀释降低了玻璃陶瓷的介电常数,阻止晶粒生长,并降低了介电损耗tanδ.随着晶粒平均尺寸的减小,Zn-Si-B-O掺杂Ba 0.6Sr 0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷样品的介电峰变低,平坦,宽化的现象.     

晶化处理对HA/(HA+TiO2)涂层组织结构的影响

用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、电子探针（EPMA）等检测手段，以晶化处理对大气等离子喷涂法在纯钛表面制备的HA／（HA＋TiO2）复合涂层为研究对象，探讨了晶化处理对HA／（HA＋TiO2）涂层组织结构和成分分布的影响。结果表明：晶化处理后HA／（HA＋TiO2）涂层结晶度明显提高；（HA＋TiO2）过渡层中交替分布的HA和TiO2结合致密；涂层表面裂纹比对应纯HA涂层细小，涂层内部结合致密，证实TiO2的加入具有缓和应力的作用。     

钇梯度掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3薄膜的sol-gel法制备及介电性能

用改进的溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(S)上制备了各层Y掺杂浓度分别为0.5%/0.6%/0.7%/0.8%/0.9%/1%的上梯度掺杂和1%/0.9%/0.8%/0.7%/0.6%/0.5%下梯度掺杂的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3薄膜。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,各薄膜主要沿(110)晶面生长,均为立方钙钛矿结构。相比均匀掺杂薄膜,梯度掺杂薄膜表现出较好的相结构衍射强度及晶化,上梯度薄膜更为显著。原子力显微镜(AFM)表明,梯度掺杂使薄膜的表面形貌得到极大改善,上梯度比下梯度薄膜具有更加光滑致密的表面相貌和更小的表面粗糙度。电压-电容曲线表明,上梯度薄膜介电性能得到明显提高,在零偏压下的电容为28.5pF(介电常数190)、介电损耗为1.63%及40V下的调谐率为52.3%,优质因子为32。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。