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1.
The compositional range for glass formation below 1600°C in the Sm2 O3 ─Al2 O3 ─SiO2 system is (9–25)Sm2 O3 ─(10–35)Al2 O3 ─(40–75)SiO2 (mol%). Selected properties of the Sm2 O3 ─Al2 O3 ─SiO2 (SmAS) glasses were evaluated as a function of composition. The density, refractive index, microhardness, and thermal expansion coefficient increased as the Sm2 O3 content increased from 9 to 25 mol%, the values exceeding those for fused silica. The dissolution rate in 1 N HCl and in deionized water increased with increasing Sm2 O3 content and with increasing temperature to 70°C. The transformation temperature ( T g ) and dilatometric softening temperature ( T d ) of the SmAS glasses exceeded 800° and 850°C, respectively. 相似文献
2.
The glass composition MgO 15.5, Al2 O3 19.5, SiO2 58.5, and TiO2 6.5 (wt%) was crystallized under controlled conditions in the range 900° to 1140°C and the electrical properties were studied. The activation energy for dc and ac conduction in the uncrystallized specimen was 32.0 and 27.4 kcal/mole, respectively; the corresponding values for the crystallized specimens were about 18.5 and 11.6 kcal/mole. X-ray studies and color of the crystallized specimens suggested the presence of magnesium aluminum titanate crystals in which part of the titanium was reduced to the Ti3+ state. These semiconducting phases were suggested as being responsible for the sharp change in the electrical properties and for the appearance of an apparent dielectric relaxation peak. Changes in the electrical properties with increasing crystallization temperature may be related to the nature, size, and shape of the crystals. 相似文献
3.
MASARU SHIMBO SHINICHI TAI KATSUJIRO TANZAWA 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1986,69(1):23-26
The glass formation range in the system ZnO-B2 O3 -SiO2 increases when 5% Al2 O3 is added and then decreases with further Al2 O3 additions. The acid resistivity of the glass also increases when Al2 O3 is added. An observed increase in negative charge with Al content until the system contains equal amounts of Al and Si (in forms of mole %) is explained by the formation of AlO4 − tetrahedra which substitute in the SiO4 network. Alkaline-earth oxides cause a positive charge which compensates for the negative charge formed by Al2 O3 . Antimony oxide and lanthanum oxide result in a negative charge in the glass. The formation of a negative or positive charge in the glass is thought to reflect the acidity or basicity of the glass, respectively. 相似文献
4.
P. L. ROEDER F. P. GLASSER† E. F. OSBORN 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1968,51(10):585-593
Liquidus phase equilibrium data are presented for the system Al2 O3 -Cr2 O3 -SiO2 . The liquidus diagram is dominated by a large, high-temperature, two-liquid region overlying the primary phase field of corundum solid solution. Other important features are a narrow field for mullite solid solution, a very small cristobalite field, and a ternary eutectic at 1580°C. The eutectic liquid (6Al2 O3 -ICr2 O3 -93SiO2 ) coexists with a mullite solid solution (61Al2 O3 -10Cr2 O3 -29SiO2 ), a corundum solid solution (19Al2 O3 -81Cr2 O3 ), and cristobalite (SO2 ). Diagrams are presented to show courses of fractional crystallization, courses of equilibrium crystallization, and phase relations on isothermal planes at 1800°, 1700°, and 1575°C. Tie lines were sketched to indicate the composition of coexisting mullite and corundum solid solution phases. 相似文献
5.
E. F. RIEBLING 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1966,49(1):19-23
Viscosity and density data were obtained up to 1700°C for a series of binary aluminoborate melts that contained as much as 15 mole% (∼21 wt%) Al2 O3 and up to 1620°C for pure molten B2 O3 . Large expansion coefficient decreases and a slight activation energy increase for B2 O3 above 1400°C suggested a tightening of its structure. The addition of Al2 O3 reduced viscosity and increased activation energy. The decreased compositional dependence of molar volume (compared to SiO2 additions) and the increased expansion coefficients accompanying Al2 O3 additions suggested a loosening of the O—B—O structure at 1600°C. Molar volume deviations from ideality were similar to but smaller than those for SiO2 and GeO2 additions at 1300°C. Microclustering of aluminum-bearing polyhedra appeared to occur at slightly higher boron atom contents than with SiO2 and GeO2 additions. 相似文献
6.
ARTHUR S. WATTS 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1951,34(2):63-63
The results of a study of deformation temperatures and rates within the composition area 25 to 45% SrO, 5 to 25% Al2 O3 , 50 to 70% SiO2 are presented. A eutectic of the composition 30% SrO, 10% Al2 O3 , 60% SiO2 is indicated with "1 o'clock" deformation at 1155°C. and "6 o'clock" deformation at 1165°C. A low-temperature area surrounding this eutectic includes 27.5 to 32.5% SrO, 10 to 12.5% Al2 O3 , 57.5 to 62.5% SiO2 . Compositions within this range reach "6 o'clock" deformation at approximately 1180°C. 相似文献
7.
ILHAN A. AKSAY JOSEPH A. PASK ROBERT F. DAVIS 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1979,62(7-8):332-336
The densities of binary aluminosilicate melts were measured X-radiographically as a function of Al2 O3 , concentration between 1800° and 2000°C. Within this temperature range, the density curves vary linearly and are parallel from fused SiO2 to ≊30 to 45 mol% Al2 O3 , depending on the temperature. At higher Al2 O3 contents, negative deviation from linearity increases with increasing temperature. Recent supplementary research efforts on various aspects of the system SiO2 -Al2 O3 indicate that the changing coordination and structural role of the aluminum ion may be a primary factor in determining the shapes of the density curves. 相似文献
8.
SiO2 -Al2 O3 melts containing 42 and 60 wt% A12 O3 were homogenized at 2090°C (∼10°) and crystallized by various heat treatment schedules in sealed molybdenum crucibles. Mullite containing ∼78 wt% A12 O3 precipitated from the 60 wt% A12 O3 melts at ∼1325°± 20°C, which is the boundary of a previously calculated liquid miscibility gap. When the homogenized melts were heat-treated within this gap, the A12 O3 in the mullite decreased with a corresponding increase in the Al2 O3 content of the glass. A similar decrease of Al2 O3 in mullite was observed when crystallized melts were reheated at 1725°± 10°C; the lowest A12 O3 content (∼73.5 wt%) was in melts that were reheated for 110 h. All melts indicated that the composition of the precipitating mullite was sensitive to the heat treatment of the melts. 相似文献
9.
Akshoy Kumar Chakravorty Dilip Kumar Ghosh 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1987,70(3):46-C-
The independent crystallization sequence of an Al2 O3 component is modified in the presence of SiO2 and vice versa. Mixed SiO2 -Al2 O3 , gel (28 wt% SiO2 and 72 wt% Al2 O3 ) forms neither cristobalite nor γ-Al2 O3 and corundum at 1000°C but forms Si-Al spinel; an amorphous aluminosilicate phase invariably also forms after the gel is heated. However, the composition of this amorphous aluminosilicate phase is not as yet known. 相似文献
10.
The chemical composition of mullite which was termed from 2SiO2 3Al2 O3 xerogel by firing was examined by analytical TEM. Mullite formed at 950°C firing showed around 66 mol% Al2 O3 , which was fairly Al2 O3 rich compared with the bulk composition. The chemical composition of mullite gradually approached the bulk composition as the firing temperature increased to 1400°C and slightly departed again above that firing temperature. 相似文献
11.
Cristina Siligardi Luca Lusvarghi Monia Montorsi Cecilia Vernia 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2008,91(3):990-995
In this work several complementary techniques have been employed to carefully characterize the sintering and crystallization behavior of CaO–Al2 O3 –ZrO2 –SiO2 glass powder compacts after different heat treatments. The research started from a new base glass 33.69 CaO–1.00 Al2 O3 –7.68 ZrO2 –55.43SiO2 (mol%) to which 5 and 10 mol% Al2 O3 were added. The glasses with higher amounts of alumina sintered at higher temperatures (953°C [lower amount] vs. 987°C [higher amount]). A combination of the linear shrinkage and viscosity data allowed to easily find the viscosity values corresponding to the beginning and the end of the sintering process. Anorthite and wollastonite crystals formed in the sintered samples, especially at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures, a new crystalline phase containing ZrO2 (2CaO·4SiO2 ·ZrO2 ) appeared in all studied specimens. 相似文献
12.
The electrical conductivity and ion/electron transference numbers in Al3 O3 were determined in a sample configuration designed to eliminate influences of surface and gas-phase conduction on the bulk behavior. With decreasing O2 partial pressure over single-crystal Al2 O3 at 1000° to 1650°C, the conductivity decreased, then remained constant, and finally increased when strongly reducing atmospheres were attained. The intermediate flat region became dominant at the lower temperatures. The emf measurements showed predominantly ionic conduction in the flat region; the electronic conduction state is exhibited in the branches of both ends. In pure O2 (1 atm) the conductivity above 1400°C was σ≃3×103 exp (–80 kcal/ RT ) Ω−1 cm−1 , which corresponds to electronic conductivity. Below 1400°C, the activation energy was <57 kcal, corresponding to an extrinsic ionic condition. Polycrystalline samples of both undoped hot-pressed Al2 O3 and MgO-doped Al2 O3 showed significantly higher conductivity because of additional electronic conduction in the grain boundaries. The gas-phase conduction above 1200°C increased drastically with decreasing O2 partial pressure (below 10−10 atm). 相似文献
13.
Thermodynamic data on activities, activity coefficients, and free energies of mixing in SiO2 -Al2 O3 solutions were calculated from the phase diagram. Positive deviations from ideal mixing in the thermodynamic data suggest a tendency for liquid immiscibility in both SiO2 - and Al2 O3 -rich compositions. The calculated data were used to estimate regions of liquid-liquid immiscibility. A calculated metastable liquid miscibility gap with a consolute temperature of ∼1540° C at a critical composition of ∼36 mol% Al2 O3 was considered to be thermodynamically most probable; the gap extended from ∼11 to °49 mol% Al2 O3 at 1100° C. SiO2 -rich glass compositions showed evidence of glass-in-glass phase separation when examined by direct transmission electron microscopy. 相似文献
14.
Adam J. G. Ellison Paul C. Hess Gerald C. Naski 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1998,81(12):3215-3220
The saturation surface of cassiterite, SnO2 , was determined for liquids in the system K2 O–Al2 O3 –SiO2 as a function of bulk composition and temperature. At fixed K2 O/Al2 O3 cassiterite solubility varies weakly with SiO2 concentration (76 to 84 mol%), temperature (1350° to 1550°C), and log ( f O 2 ) (−0.7 to −5.3). Cassiterite solubility is also approximately independent of composition in liquids with molar ratios of K2 O/Al2 O3 lessthan equal to 1 (peraluminous liquids). As K2 O/Al2 O3 increases from 1 (peralkaline liquids), however, cassiterite solubility increases steeply and approximately linearly with K2 O in excess of Al2 O3 . It is proposed that potassium in excess of aluminum combines with Sn4+ to form quasi-molecular complexes with an effective stoichiometry of K4 SnO4 . 相似文献
15.
On the basis of 190 runs made up to 1860°C in sealed noble-metal containers the following revisions have been made in the equilibrium diagram for the system A12 O3 –SiO2 . Mullite melts congruently at 1850°C. The extent of equilibrium solid solution in mullite at solidus temperature is from approximately 60 mole % Al2 O3 (3/2 ratio) to 63 mole % A12 O3 . Metastable solid solutions can be prepared up to about 67 mole % Al2 O3 . There is no evidence for stable solubility of excess SiO2 beyond the 3/2 composition at pressures below 3 kbars. Refractive indices are presented for glasses containing up to 60 mole % Al2 O3 and from them the composition of the eutectic is confirmed at 5 mole % SiO2 . The variation in lattice constants of the mullite solid solution is not an unequivocal guide to composition since mullites at one composition produced at different temperatures show differences in spacing, no doubt reflecting Al-Si ordering phenomena. The possibility of quartz and corundum being the stable assemblage at some low temperatures and pressures cannot be ruled out. A new anhydrous phase in the system is described, which was previously thought to be synthetic andalusite; it is probably a new polymorph of the Al2 SiO5 composition with ortho-rhombic unit-cell dimensions a =7.55 A, b =8.27 A, and c = 5.66 A. 相似文献
16.
R. R. DAYAL R. E. JOHNSON† ARNULF MUAN‡ 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1967,50(10):537-540
The free energy of reaction for the formation of mullite from its oxide components was derived from equilibrium studies in the system CoO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 . Within this system there appears, at solidus temperature in a certain composition area, the phase assemblage mullite + silica + spinel (= cobalt aluminate) + liquid. Determination of the oxygen pressure of a gas phase at which metallic cobalt precipitates from this phase assemblage and from the phase assemblage spinel (= cobalt aluminate) + corundum in the system CoO-Al2 O3 permits calculation of ΔG° for the reaction 3Al2 O3 + 2SiO2 = Al6 Si2 O13 . The value obtained at 1422°C is -5.8 kcal. 相似文献
17.
Ana M. Espino Luis A. Díaz Adolfo Fernández Ramón Torrecillas José S. Moya 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(4):1000-1003
The wettability of binary and ternary glasses belonging to SiO2 –Al2 O3 –ZrO2 diagram has been studied using the sessile drop technique at 1750° and 1800°C. The ternary SiO2 –Al2 O3 –ZrO2 (90–5–5 wt%) glass has proved to be well appropriated as a molybdenum oxidation barrier coating. The addition of 5 wt% of MoO2 slightly improves its wettablity at higher temperatures without affecting its oxidation barrier properties. The Mo comes into the glass network as a mixture of Mo5+ , Mo4+ , and Mo6+ . After oxidation at 1000°C in oxygen atmosphere, the molybdenum remains in the glass network as Mo6+ . 相似文献
18.
The crystallization of Al2 O3 -rich glasses in the system SiO2 -Al2 O3 which were prepared by flame-spraying and/or splat-cooling was studied by DTA, electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Over a wide range of compositions, the crystallization temperature ( Tx ) remained near 1000°C, changing smoothly with composition. In all cases crystallization of mullite was detected by X-ray diffraction. In the low-Al2 O3 region, coarsening of the microstructure during crystallization was observed by electron microscopy. In the high-Al2 O3 region mullite and γ-Al2 O3 cocrystallized; this behavior may be interpreted as evidence of a cooperative process of crystallization at the respective Tx 's. The crystallite size of the mullite immediately after rapid crystallization increased continuously with increasing Al2 O3 content. In light of the Tx data, the adequacy of the evidence for the proposed metastable miscibility gap in the SiO2 -Al2 O3 system is questioned. 相似文献
19.
TiO2 above 4 mol% is an effective nucleating agent for CaO–P2 O5 glass which also contains substantial SiO2 and Al2 O3 additions. Glass ceramics can be made from this glass using a single slow heating ramp with no need for a nucleating heat treatment step. Powder of this composition crystallizes rapidly to β-Ca2 P2 O7 , whereas bulk glass crystallizes from diphasic nuclei consisting of a central cubic Ca-P-Ti-Si-Al oxide phase surrounded by impure AlPO4 dendrites. Metastable calcium phosphate grows on the AlPO4 dendrites and later transforms to β-Ca2 P2 O7 . 相似文献
20.
High-temperature diffusion kinetics and phase relations between couples of fused SiO2 or cristobalite and sapphire or mullite were investigated in air and in helium. Subsolidus liquid formation between sapphire and cristobalite indicates the existence of a metastable system without mullite. A liquid phase is considered to be essential for the nucleation of mullite. The growth rate of mullite exceeded its dissolution rate in semi-infinite fused-SiO2 -sapphire couples above 1634°C. The inter-facial liquid compositions provided data for a minor revision of the mullite liquidus curve. Diffusion coefficients calculated from the Al profiles vary greatly with concentration and temperature, resulting in a large range of values for apparent activation energy, which decreases with increasing Al2 O3 content (∼310 to ∼60 kcal/mol for ∼4 to ∼22 wt% Al2 O3 ). The diffusion process in the liquid is considered to be cooperative movement of oxygen-containing Al and Si complexes whose nature changes with composition and temperature; this change in the diffusing species contributes to the range in the values of experimental apparent activation energies. 相似文献