拓扑化学反应制备片状Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的研究

通过熔盐法制备出具有铋层结构的前驱体Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15,其取向度f值(Lotgering factor法)高达0.9.粉体Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15再与NaaCO3和TiO2发生拓扑化学反应,铋层状结构的Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15完全转变成钙钛矿结构的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3(NBT),所得到NBT粉体保留了NBIT的层状形貌,其厚度约0.4μm,长度为5-10μm,显示出较高的各向异性.研究了烧成温度对前躯体NBIT微粒形态的影响.通过SEM分析,固相法,熔盐法和拓扑反应合成的NBT粉体微观结构显示出巨大的差异.     

水热法制备(Na0.82K0.18)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷粉体及其介电性能研究

以NaNO3,KNO3,Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,NaOH为矿化剂,采用水热法成功制备了(Na0.82K0.18)0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NKBT)粉体.研究了反应温度、反应时间和NaOH浓度对NKBT粉体制备的影响.运用XRD、SEM对制备的NKBT粉体进行了测试.测试结果显示,通过调整水热反应条件可对NKBT粉体的微观形貌进行控制.采用传统烧结法可将水热法制备的NKBT粉体烧结为致密的NKBT陶瓷.     

钛酸铋钠钾锂无铅陶瓷的柠檬酸制备技术

以钠、钾、锂的碳酸盐为原料，采用柠檬酸盐-凝胶法制备了Biol5（Na1-x-y，LixKy）0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷，研究了影响凝胶合成的各种工艺条件，利用TG-DTA，SEM，XRD，纳米粒度分析等技术分析了凝胶预烧温度及预烧粉体的粒度分布。研究结果表明：柠檬酸与金属离子的物质的量比、溶液浓度、pH是影响前驱液与凝胶形成的主要因素；用柠檬酸盐一凝胶法合成的Bi0.5（Na1-x-y，LixKy）TiO3粉体粒度细小均匀，合成温度低；陶瓷的压电常数d33可达138pC／N，其平面机电耦合系数kp为0．30。     

Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3基无铅压电陶瓷设计与制备研究的新进展

综述了Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3(BNW)基无铅压电陶瓷体系研究的最新进展,介绍了BNT基无铅压电陶瓷的设计方法及其制备技术.用自洽场离散变分法(self-consult charge-discrete variation-Xa,SCC-DV-Xa)等计算方法可为设计新型BNT基陶瓷提供重要的理论指导.用湿化学法,包括:溶胶-凝胶法、柠檬酸盐法、水热法等,可以合成BNT基纳米粉体,该类方法制备的BNT基粉体具有良好烧结活性,利于致密化烧结,使材料电性能得到改善.用模板晶粒生长技术可获得晶粒生长定向程度很高的BNT基压电陶瓷材料,进而提高材料在特定方向的压电性能.     

常压溶剂热法制备Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3纳米粉体的研究

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,无水乙醇作溶剂,采用溶剂热法在常压下合成了Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3(简称为BNT)纳米粉体.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对BNT粉体进行了表征.并在常压溶剂热条件下研究了影响BNT晶体生长和形貌的主要因素.实验结果表明:反应温度为100 ℃,保温时间为2.5 h,NaOH浓度为12 mol·L-1,650 ℃下煅烧2 h时,能制备出单一的BNT粉体,且制得粉体的粒径尺寸约为100 nm.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛的工艺研究

以钛酸丁酯为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛。通过对溶胶-凝胶法中各个主要影响因素的考察,得到制备纳米二氧化钛材料的优化工艺条件为:配制无水乙醇与水的混合液,并调节pH=2～3,缓慢加料;钛醇盐与水的摩尔比为2～4,乙醇与钛醇盐摩尔比为6～8,溶胶体系pH=2～3,水解成胶化温度为25℃～30℃。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-BaTiO3基无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备（Na0.5 Bi 0.5）TiO3-BaTiO3超细粉体。研究结果表明，当热处理温度为800℃时能合成出纯的钙钛矿结构的BNBT超细粉体。另外研究发现，与固相法合成的陶瓷样品相比，sol-gel法制备的陶瓷样品的压电常数和机械品质因子有所提高，但其它的电学性能与固相法合成的陶瓷相近，如介电常数、介电损耗等。     

Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3陶瓷介电性能的实验研究

采用柠檬酸盐-自燃烧法制备Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷,系统地研究了制备工艺条件对陶瓷性能和结构的影响。柠檬酸浓度、溶液pH值、烧结温度制度对陶瓷的压电性能有很大的影响。当柠檬酸浓度C=9%,pH=8.5,烧结温度为1130℃时,陶瓷具备最大的压电常数,d33可达71.2pc/n。1130℃烧结陶瓷的XRD表明,陶瓷已形成单一钙钛矿结构的钛酸铋钠主晶相。     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3系无铅压电陶瓷的极化工艺研究

主要研究了极化电场,极化时间和极化温度等工艺参数对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3系无铅压电陶瓷介电和压电性能的影响。结果表明:极化电场和极化温度对压电陶瓷的介电、压电性能影响较大,而极化时间则影响较小。适宜的极化电场是3～3.5kV/mm,极化温度70～80℃,极化时间为10～15min。     

温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3粉体X射线衍射特征的影响

作为一种主要的无铅压电陶瓷材料,Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3(BNT)是一种优良的候选材料.以钛酸四丁酯、五水硝酸铋和无水乙酸钠为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备出清澈透明的BNT凝胶;BNT干凝胶经煅烧可得到BNT细粉.XRD谱线表明,其中主要含有杂相Bi_(12)TiO_(20).随着温度的升高,杂相的强度逐渐降低;同时,由于温度的升高,BNT粉体的晶粒增大.XRD指标化后的结果表明,BNT粉体的(101)晶面的原子排列的有序度较好.     

四元复合氧化物La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)O_3的抗硫性能

以SO2 为毒物 ,采用脉冲中毒方法 ,再以CO氧化反应为探针 ,对三元复合氧化物催化剂La0 .5Sr0 .5NiO3 与La0 .5Sr0 .5CuO3 以及四元复合氧化物催化剂La0 .5Sr0 .5Ni0 .5Cu0 .5O3 等三种催化剂样品的抗硫毒能力、失活曲线、中毒催化剂的再生性能以及毒物残留形态等进行了全面考察和对比分析。实验结果表明四元复合氧化物催化剂La0 .5Sr0 .5Ni0 .5Cu0 .5O3 在SO2 毒物含量是 1 2 2×10 -2 mmol时 ,特别是在高温 (≥ 30 0℃ )条件下 ,具有优异的抗硫性能     

Piezoelectric K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Ceramics Textured Using Needlelike K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Templates

Improved performance by texturing has become attractive in the field of lead‐free ferroelectrics, but the effect depends heavily on the degree of texture, type of preferred orientation, and whether the material is a rotator or extender ferroelectric. Here, we report on successful texturing of K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ (KNN) ceramics by alignment of needlelike KNN templates in a matrix of KNN powder using tape casting. Homotemplated grain growth of the needles was confirmed during sintering, resulting in a high degree of texture parallel to the tape casting direction (TCD) and the aligned needles. The texture significantly improved the piezoelectric response parallel to the tape cast direction, corresponding to the direction of the strongest <001>_pc orientation, while the response normal to the tape cast plane was lower than for a nontextured KNN. In situ X‐ray diffraction during electric field application revealed that non‐180° domain reorientation was enhanced by an order of magnitude in the TCD, compared to the direction normal to the tape cast plane and in the nontextured ceramic. The effect of texture in KNN is discussed with respect to possible rotator ferroelectric properties of KNN.     

Thermally-stable large strain in Bi(Mn0.5Ti0.5)O3 modified 0.8Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.2Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 ceramics

(1-x)[0.8Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.2Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃]-xBi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ (x = 0–0.06, BNKMT100x) lead-free ferroelectric ceramics were prepared via solid state reaction method. Bi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ induces a structure transition from rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phases to pseudo-cubic phase. Moreover, the wide range of compositions within x = 0.03–0.055 exhibit large strain of 0.31%–0.41% and electrostrictive coefficient of 0.027–0.041 m⁴/C². Especially, at x = 0.04, the large strain and electrostrictive coefficient are nearly temperature-independent in the range of 25–100 °C. The impedance analysis shows the large strain and electrostrictive coefficient originate from polar nanoregions response due to the addition of Bi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃.     

Near-infrared emitting CdTe0.5Se0.5/Cd0.5Zn0.5S quantum dots: synthesis and bright luminescence

We present how CdTe_0.5Se_0.5 cores can be coated with Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S shells at relatively low temperature (around 200°C) via facile synthesis using organic ammine ligands. The cores were firstly fabricated via a less toxic procedure using CdO, trioctylphosphine (TOP), Se, Te, and trioctylamine. The cores with small sizes (3.2-3.5 nm) revealed green and yellow photoluminescence (PL) and spherical morphologies. Hydrophobic core/shell CdTe_0.5Se_0.5/Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S quantum dots (QDs) with tunable PL between green and near-infrared (a maximum PL peak wavelength of 735 nm) were then created through a facile shell coating procedure using trioctylphosphine selenium with cadmium and zinc acetate. The QDs exhibited high PL efficiencies up to 50% because of the formation of a protective Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S shell on the CdTe_0.5Se_0.5 core, even though the PL efficiency of the cores is low (≤1%). Namely, the slow growth process of the shell plays an important role for getting high PL efficiencies. The properties of the QDs are largely determined by the properties of CdTe_0.5Se_0.5 cores and shells preparation conditions such as reaction temperature and time. The core/shell QDs exhibited a small size diameter. For example, the average diameter of the QDs with a PL peak wavelength of 735 nm is 6.1 nm. Small size and tunable bright PL makes the QDs utilizable as bioprobes because the size of QD-based bioprobes is considered as the major limitation for their broad applications in biological imaging.     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用固相法制备了(1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBa0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6(0≤x≤1.0％)(简称(1-x)NBT-xBSN)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同BSN含量(x=0,0.1％,0.3％,0.5％,0.7％,1.0％,摩尔分数)样品的物相组成、显微结构及电性能.结果表明:所有样品均为纯钙钛矿结构,随掺杂量x的增加,陶瓷的相对密度pr、压电常数d33和机电耦合系数kp均先增大后降低,机械品质因子Qm和退极化温度Td则逐渐下降.该体系陶瓷具有弥散相变特征,弥散指数介于1.6～1.7.当x=0.5％时,陶瓷获得最佳性能:d33=92pC/N,kp=0.164,Qm=89,εr=650,tanδ=5.47％,pr=96.5％.     

K0.5Na0.5NbO3-BaCu0.5W0.5O3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与性能

以传统固相法工艺制备(1-x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xBaCu0.5W0.5O3[(1-x)KNN-xBCW]无铅压电陶瓷,研究不同BCW掺量(x=0％,0.1％,0.25％,0.5％,1.0％,摩尔分数,下同)对KNN陶瓷的晶体结构和电性能的影响,结果表明:x＜0.5％时,KNN陶瓷的相结构没有改变,仍为正交相...     

CeO2掺杂钛酸铋钠钾陶瓷的制备工艺与介电性能

为了进一步探索合成工艺对钛酸铋钠系无铅材料的结构及介电特性的影响,本文以甘氨酸为燃料,利用固相-燃烧法制备了CeO2掺杂的Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 (BNKT)陶瓷.XRD表明,在固相合成工艺中引入燃烧法制备BNKT陶瓷,比传统固相法降低预烧温度150 ℃,掺杂的CeO2扩散进入了BNKT钙钛矿的晶格,且当掺杂量为0%~0.3%时,形成纯的钙钛矿相结构;SEM表明,CeO2掺杂使晶粒尺寸趋于平均,对晶粒生长有抑制作用;介电温谱表明,随着CeO2掺杂量增加,介电常数εr和退极化温度Td、相转变温度Tm降低,介电反常峰逐渐弱化,且室温至300 ℃,介电损耗tanδ始终在0.3%以下,并从微结构缺陷空位形成机制角度,结合铁电畴壁运动状态,分析讨论了对材料介电特性的作用规律.     

Characterization of multiferroic PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 and PbFe0.5Ta0.5O3 ceramics derived from citrate polymeric precursors

Ceramics of the perovskite multiferroics PbFe_0.5Nb_0.5O₃ (PFN) and PbFe_0.5Ta_0.5O₃ (PFT) were synthesized from new citrate polymeric precursors. X-ray tests pointed to trace amounts of the pyrochlore phase. SEM studies revealed the heterogeneous grain size distribution for PFN and the homogeneous one for PFT. Dielectric studies pointed to one diffuse T-C phase transition at 378 K for PFN and two diffuse M-T and T-C phase transitions, at 200 and 235 K, for PFT, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of PFN reveal that all ions exist in one valence state, however, with two chemical shifts for Pb²⁺. Two valence states for the majority of ions of PFT seem to be connected with a higher volume fraction of the amorphous grain-boundary phase. The electronic energy band gap for both compounds is approximately 2.8 eV. Two magnetic transitions, ie, from the paramagnetic to the antiferromagnetic phase and then to the spin-glass phase, were observed at 156 and 10 K for PFN, and at 145 and 15 K for PFT, respectively.     

Improved wear resistance and low thermal radiative conductivity of a middle-entropy tantalate Y0.5Gd0.5Ta0.5Nb0.5O4

Ferroelastic YTaO₄ is a promising material for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), and its thermal and mechanical properties can be further optimized by various methods. In this study, a ferroelastic middle-entropy ceramic Y_0.5Gd_0.5Ta_0.5Nb_0.5O₄ was synthesized by solid-phase sintering, and its microstructures and thermophysical properties were key points. We determined the contributions of phonons and photons to total thermal conductivity, and a low thermal conductivity was obtained by inhibiting high-temperature thermal radiation. The thermal expansion coefficients were improved by introducing of Nb atom into the lattice of the prepared middle-entropy ceramic, which meets the requirements of TBCs. The improved wear resistance originated from relatively high Young's modulus and the hardness of Y_0.5Gd_0.5Ta_0.5Nb_0.5O₄, and it would contribute to the service performance of the corresponding coatings. This work motivates the engineering applications of ferroelastic RETaO₄ and RENbO₄ (RE is rare-earth element) as high-temperature TBCs.