食物中潜在致敏物质的评价研究进展

食物中的潜在致敏物质包括天然存在和人工修饰两种来源,转基因食品的致敏性一直是其食用安全性评价的重要部分,本文以转基因食品为例对食物中潜在致敏物质的评价策略和方法研究进展进行了综述。     

转基因食品的致敏性评估

为推动中国转基因食品安全性评价工作，通过回顾转基因食品致教性评估策略的发展，重点介绍2001年FA0／wH0生物技术食品致教性联合专家咨询会议推荐的转基因食品致敏性树状评估策略，并对目前国内外关于转基因食品致敏性评估的不同方法进行了论述。     

转基因食品营养学评价及检测技术概述

<正>随着转基因技术飞速发展,转基因作物逐渐商品化,转基因食品安全性评价重要性日益增加,营养学评价是其中重要组成部分。本文主要论述转基因食品营养学评价方面主要内容、意义和检测技术的研究进展。转基因食品(Genetically Modified Food,简称GMF),又称基因工程食品或基因修饰食品。给人类带来巨大社会经济利益的同时,也和其他新技术一样,有利有弊,安全性问题尤为突出。很多人认为转基因食品中引入新基因表达蛋白质可能具有潜在致敏性,会导致已存在的受体基因失活或表达改变,进而产生有毒成分,降低食品营养价值,使营     

食品过敏原检测与评价技术研究进展

过敏原生物活性包括过敏原性即引起致敏个体发生过敏症的活性和致敏原性即引起人群致敏的危险性两个方面。随着转基因作物及相应食品的大量出现，评价和检测食品过敏原生物活性日益受到重视。迄今，食品过敏原性的主要检测方法有：皮肤试验、双盲安慰剂对照激发试验、血清IgE检测和组胺释放试验等；对食品致敏原性还没有建立可靠的评价和监测技术，FAO/WHO采纳的分级评价策略包括血清学测定、过敏原分子结构和序列同源性比较及胃肠液消化稳定性评价等。本文对食品过敏原生物学活性的评价与检测技术研究进展进行综述。     

转基因食品潜在致敏性评价方法的研究进展

随着转基因食品在人类消费生活中的应用日益增加,人们对于完善转基因食品潜在致敏性评价方法的需求也不断增强.本文就现有转基因食品潜在致敏性的评价方法,包括决策树、序列同源性、血清学筛选、消化稳定性(抗胃蛋白酶性)以及动物模型等的研究进展做一概述,对其现状做出总结并对其发展提出建议.     

中国食物过敏原数据库的建立与应用

目的氨基酸序列相似性等生物信息学分析方法是转基因食品致敏性评价的重要环节,为了简化转基因食品致敏性生物信息学分析的流程,我们建立了中国食物过敏原数据库。方法将多个数据库中关于过敏原的信息进行了整合并进行本地存储。通过web语言PHP、web服务器Apache和MySQL数据库管理系统进行搭建数据库。结果建成了中国食物过敏原数据库,收集到1498条已知过敏原的记录,数据库发布在hap://175.102.8.19:8001/site/index。结论该数据库可以为科研人员提供免费的、快速的、一站式的转基因食品致敏性分析信息服务。     

转基因食品的安全性评价

自转基因食品大规模商业化以来,在提高作物产量、减少有害物质的使用、提高粮食作物营养价值以及解决饥饿问题方面发挥了巨大作用。但转基因食品在正式进入市场前必须经过严格的安全性评价,以免转基因食品对人体健康造成危害。对转基因食品的安全性评价方法的发展进行综述,从而为转基因食品的未来发展方向提供一定的理论指导,促进转基因食品的健康发展。     

转基因食品的免疫安全性评价

随着转基因生物技术的发展以及转基因作物商品化生产进程的推进,转基因食品的安全性评价工作已经迫在眉睫,而免疫安全性评价是其中必不可少的一个组成部分。本文分别概述转基因食品免疫安全性评价的必要性、内容和近几年国内外研究进展,以期建立系统的实用的转基因食品免疫安全性评价标准与规程,并为转基因食品安全性评价标准体系的建设提供科学依据和支撑。     

转基因食品安全检测技术探讨

本文针对转基因食品的安全问题,提出利用转基因技术生产的转基因食物可能存在着毒性、致敏性和抗生素性的隐患。而利用蛋白质水平及核酸水平的安全检测技术和其他相关技术能够为转基因食品的安全问题提供解决之道。     

转基因食品(饲料)的安全性及其管理现状

随着越来越多的转基因作物被批准商业化生产 ,转基因作物的安全性引起了人们极大的关注。文中扼要介绍转基因作物及其副产品作为食品或饲料资源的现状、可能存在的安全性问题、安全性评价及各国政府对转基因食品或饲料的态度与管理。     

转基因食品安全性评价研究进展

自1996年以来,转基因作物的大规模商业化生产为人们带来了巨大的社会经济效益,但是转基因技术存在一定的风险性,因此加强转基因食品的安全性评价和标准化管理显得尤为迫切和重要。本文从营养学、毒理学、过敏性等方面综述了转基因食品的食用安全性评价,并多角度探讨了转基因食品安全性评价的关键问题,包括用不同动物实验评价转基因食品的食用安全性,新型转基因植物的安全性评价,以及转基因食品的食用安全标准化等,以期使读者对转基因食品的食用安全性有更加系统、全面的了解。     

转基因食品及其安全性评价

随着我国转基因农作物进口数量不断增加,以转基因农作物为原料的食品在市场上所占有份额逐渐增大,转基因食品安全性越来越受到人们关注;本文综述转基因食品发展现状、安全性评价、营养问题及各国政府对于转基因食品采取的管理措施和标识管理,并对转基因食品发展前景进行展望。     

The potential allergenicity of novel foods

Recombinant DNA technology provides a powerful tool to create new products in many different fields. Agriculture and the agro-food industry are two of them. Genetic engineering aims at improving the yield, the nutritional quality or the technological value of food crops. The composition of foods may also be modified in order to decrease the content of toxic substances sometimes present in certain food crops. The expression of recombinant proteins in foods must be carefully assessed as proteins may induce allergic reactions in humans. Currently, the potential allergenicity of a protein can be reasonably assessed only when the protein is known to trigger an immune response in sensitive subjects. By contrast, the potential allergenicity of a protein of unknown allergenicity cannot be easily predicted as no immunoserum of allergic subjects is available. That is why an allergenicity assessment model for any genetically engineered food should be designed. Even though the gene product is completely characterised in the transgenic product, this does not necessarily provide information on its potential allergenicity. Animal models, in vitro tests and protein structure should be taken into account. Besides, allergenicity is a biosafety issue, for it deals with human health. The issue of food allergies in food safety should not be neglected, as an allergic reaction can be life threatening. ©1997 SCI     

Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Protein and Genetic Traits in Genetically Modified Food

Due to the market introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in crops, foods, and ingredients, legislation worldwide came face to face with the question of the use and labeling requirements on GMO crops and their derivatives. In this review, protein- and DNA-based methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blots, and qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction PCR (Q-PCR) are reviewed. Qualitative detection methods for genetically modified (GM) sequences in foods have evolved rapidly during the past years. The sensitivity of these systems is extremely high, even for processed foodstuffs. However, the availability of quantitative detection methods for GMO analysis is an important prerequisite for the introduction of threshold limits for GMOs in food. The recently introduced labeling threshold for GMOs in food ingredients by the European Union has forced official food control laboratories to apply quantitative PCR methods. Taking the precision of quantitative PCR detection methods into account, suitable sample plans and sample sizes for GMO analysis are discussed. As quantitative GMO detection methods measure GMO contents of samples in relation to reference material, priority must be given to international agreements and standardization on certified reference materials. The rapidly increasing number of GM foods on the market demands the development of more advanced multidetection systems, such as microarray technology. Challenges and problems arising from the inability to detect GM foods for which the modified sequence is unknown, the lengthy standardization procedures, and the need to continuously update databases comprising commercially available GM foods and the respective detection strategies are also discussed.     

食品中转基因表达蛋白的危险性评估

随着转基因技术的商业化发展,直接或间接来源于转基因作物的食品日益增多。对食品中外源性基因表达蛋白质的研究是转基因食品安全性评价工作中的重要部分。本文从安全食用历史、生物信息学分析、体外稳定性研究、作用方式研究、毒理学试验等方面,对目前常见转基因表达蛋白的危险性评估进行了综述。     

Taiwan's GM foods labelling legislation — a review

Genetically engineered food products have several advantages over their conventional counterparts; i.e. improvement of production traits is rapid, and genetic information can be transferred across species. However, introduction of a new gene into food crops may lead to emergence of altered composition and nutritional value, allergenicity and toxicity. To meet the requirements to environmental and food safety, sale of GM foods in Taiwan must comply with regulations, guidelines and labelling of various governmental agencies. Among these agencies, the Department of Health is responsible for the safety and labelling of GM foods, and has promulgated regulations stipulating the labelling of food products containing GM ingredients. Our initial step on the mandatory labelling of GM foods would let consumers to decide to purchase GM products.     

The consumption of genetically modified foods in Italian high school students

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms in which the DNA has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. Such methods are used to create GM plants – which are then used to grow (GM) food crops. GM foods have the potential to solve many of the world’s hunger and malnutrition problems, and to help protect and preserve the environment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides and herbicides. Nevertheless, the consumption of GM foods provokes doubts and hesitations among consumers, especially in Italy. This paper has two aims, the first is to investigate genetically modified (GM) foods consumption in Italian high school students through a large sample size survey on 2122 students randomly selected in 39 schools of a metropolitan area (Naples, South-Italy). The second, by examining the behavioural process that drives individual’s perceptions of GM food taking advantage of an empirical choice methodology that corrects for endogeneity in decision making relationships, namely structural equation model (SEM). The results show that a very large percentage of students never or rarely eat GM food and a lot of them do not suggest the consumption of GM food. The proposed SEM is a full formative measurement model and shows that GM foods consumption in Italian students depends on the knowledge of GMO and on the impact of the GMO on the men’s health and on the environment. Therefore, in order to orient population it could be realized a standardized evaluation systems relative to human health and environment consequences produced by GM organisms and GM foods.     

GM食品内外源基因在加工过程中的降解变化

转基因(genetically modified,GM)食品安全问题受到广泛关注,其内外源基因及其表达产物在深加工过程中变化规律的研究是其热点之一。文中阐述了转基因食品的安全性问题,评述了转基因食品DNA在加工过程中变化规律的研究进展,并提出了转基因食品内外源基因在加工过程中降解变化研究思路。