一体式膜生物反应器作为反渗透预处理技术的试验研究

为给某企业的反渗透系统提供稳定的优质进水,采用一体式膜生物反应器对某城市污水处理厂二级出水进行了深度处理中试试验。研究结果表明:在进水COD的质量浓度为7～15 mg/L时,色度为20～50度,浊度为0.70～3.57 NTU,膜通量10.0～13.75 L/(m2.h)、跨膜压差0.019～0.038 MPa、曝气量20 m3/h、制水时间40min、停机时间3 min、HRT 3.6～5.0 h条件下,MBR系统出水COD质量浓度小于10 mg/L,色度小于30度,浊度小于1 NTU,SDI15小于3,满足反渗透系统进水水质要求;MBR系统出水水质稳定,具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力。另外,探讨了MBR系统的跨膜压差与膜通量之间的关系。     

好氧移动床动态膜生物反应器处理高氨氮、低碳/氮废水

将好氧移动床工艺与动态膜生物反应相结合,用于处理高氨氮、低碳/氮废水,试验结果表明,反应器具有良好的处理效果,在整个试验期间,出水COD、氨氮和浊度分别在50 mg/L、50 mg/L和8 NTU以下,反应器对COD、氨氮和浊度的平均去除率分别为80%、75%和80%。同时,本次试验还对系统的稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,好氧移动床动态膜生物反应器具有很好的抗流量冲击和有机物浓度冲击的能力;而且低温(10℃左右)和水力停留时间(13～18 h之间波动)对系统的影响不明显。     

南方某电厂生活污水处理系统试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池和消毒池处理生活污水,以满足火电厂生活废水处理要求,研究了该系统对废水中p H影响,以及对浊度,COD和氨氮去除效果。实验结果表明,该系统可以有效实现有机物和氨氮的同步去除。出水的p H为6~9,曝气生物滤池的出水浊度可达到2.4 NTU,出水COD可达到11.4 mg/L,氨氮可达到6 mg/L左右,氨氮的去除率可达到85%。     

膜生物反应器处理酱油废水的中试研究

采用一体式好氧膜生物反应器( MBR)工艺处理实际酱油废水.考察了MBR对酱油废水的处理效果,并讨论了工艺参数对处理效果的影响.进水采用广东某酱油厂综合废水处理工艺的厌氧池出水,COD 500～800 mg· L-1、氨氮质量浓度为200 mg· L-1左右、色度为600～700倍、浊度为100 NTU左右.运行工艺参数:水温≥20℃、DO质量浓度≥2.5 mg·L-1、MLSS为8 000 mg·L-1、水力停留时间48 h、污泥停留时间120d.试验结果表明,在系统稳定运行后,使用膜生物反应器工艺处理酱油废水能达到良好的效果.出水COD、氨氮、色度分别为:≤90 mg·L-1、≤10mg· L-1、40倍左右,平均去除率分别为87.8％、95.94％、93.8％.对浊度的去除率能达到99％,出水水质稳定.     

新型一体化M-CASS设备的研制与开发

针对膜生物反应器的膜污染及SBR反应器的滗水器局限性问题,开发了新型一体化M-CASS设备(一体化膜-序批式活性污泥设备)。利用总污泥量综合设计法控制活性污泥的沉降性能,设计水平悬浮滤膜系统作为排水系统。试验进水ρ(COD)为378.5mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为33.28mg/L时,出水ρ(COD)为29.31mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为4.25mg/L,浊度为0NTU,大大提高了系统的出水水质,使膜污染降低到最低程度。     

动态膜生物反应器的过滤性能及运行特性研究

采用滤布为基材形成动态膜生物反应器在低温条件下(9～13℃)处理校园生活污水.结果表明动态膜能在滤布表面很快形成且稳定存在.出水浊度小于9.5 NTU,TSS多数运行时间为零,最大不超过5.0 mg/L,COD和氨氮去除率分别为72%～89%和66%～94%.动态膜的过滤阻力比微滤/超滤膜要低2～3个数量级,泥饼层阻力是主要的污染阻力.     

膜生物反应器工艺处理炼油废水中试研究

采用中空纤维膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺处理炼油废水,了解膜生物反应器在炼油废水处理中的性能.研究结果表明,采用膜生物反应器工艺可有效地处理炼油废水,COD、氨氮和油去除率分别为91.5%、96.7%、84.7%,MBR出水COD为64 mg/L,氨氮为1.85 mg/L,油含量<3.0 mg/L,出水水质达到国家一级排放标准.     

一体式自生动态膜生物反应器的运行特性

采用涤纶短纤滤布作为分离介质构成一体式动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)处理模拟生活污水,对反应器处理效果、运行特性进行研究。结果表明,在一个运行周期内,分析DMBR的过滤压差和膜通量变化,在运行10h以后,反应器出水水质趋于稳定,动态膜基本形成,膜通量基本维持在37.9L/(m2.h)。DMBR对COD、氨氮、总氮的平均去除率分别为89.00%、82.50%、44.85%,出水浊度维持在1NTU左右,反应器的反冲洗周期为30h左右,出水水质优于城镇污水处理厂污染物排放一级A标准(GB18918—2002),可回用于城镇景观用水等。     

改良SBR-膜生物反应器处理生活污水回用的实验研究

采用改良SBR和膜法结合的膜生物反应器工艺处理生活污水,出水浊度低于1NTU。出水的p（COD）、p（Nn3-N）分别小于25mg／L和10mg／L。通过研究发现改良SBR-膜生物反应器具有良好的硝化能力。     

A/O-MBR处理PTA综合废水中试研究

试验研究对象为辽宁省某石化公司PTA综合废水。中试采用了缺氧好氧一体式膜生物反应器(A/O-MBR)工艺。经过60 d左右的运行,试验结果表明,系统处理效果理想。在进水COD为291～713 mg/L、总氮为19～51mg/L的情况下,系统出水COD<30 mg/L、氨氮<0.2 mg/L、总氮<10 mg/L,而且MBR出水浊度<0.2 NTU、SS<5 mg/L、含油量<0.3 mg/L,因此系统出水指标优于《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》(DB 21/1627—2008),同时达到可回用于国家工业循环冷却水系统补水的水质要求。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。