基于RBF神经网络观测器的非线性系统鲁棒故障检测方法

针对一类仿射非线性动态系统，提出一种基于网络非线性观测器的鲁棒故障检测与隔离的新方法，采用ＲＢＦ神经网络逼近观测器系统中的非线性项，提高了状态估计的精度，证明了状态估计误差稳定且渐近收敛到零；同时提出了一种新的网络权值调整指标方法，提高了神经网络故障分类器的泛化能力，从而保证该方法对监测系统的建模 外部扰动具有良好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于滑模—神经网络观测器的故障检测和诊断方法

本文针对一类非线性系统，提出了一种用于故障检测和诊断的滑模观测器方法．其 中，观测器中的滑模项保证了该系统在无故障情况时的鲁棒性，并且系统运行的滑动区域提供了故障检测的条件．当检测出故障之后，观测器中的故障估计部分被启动，利用RBF神经网络估计故障，从而能在线辨识故障的形态．仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性．     

一类基于神经网络非线性观测器的鲁棒故障检测

针对一类仿射非线性动态系统,提出了一种基 于神经网络非线性观测器的鲁棒故障检测与隔离的新方法．该方法采用神经网络逼近观测器 系统中的非线性项,提高了状态估计的精度,并从理论上证明了状态估计误差稳定且渐近收 敛到零;另一方面引入神经网络分类器进行故障的模式识别,通过在神经网络输入端加入噪 声项来进行训练,提高神经网络的泛化逼近能力,从而保证对被监测系统的建模误差和外部 扰动具有良好的鲁棒性．最后,利用本文方法针对某型歼击机结构故障进行仿真验证,仿真 结果表明本文方法是有效的．     

基于神经网络观测器的卫星姿态控制系统陀螺故障诊断

针对基于解析模型的卫星姿态控制系统陀螺故障诊断方法存在设计复杂、参数求解困难的问题,提出一种基于神经网络观测器的陀螺故障诊断方法。由系统内的冗余关系导出故障诊断逻辑,实现对陀螺故障的检测和隔离;同时利用先验模型知识和神经网络的非线性建模特性对陀螺故障进行估计。仿真结果表明,该方法能够实现对陀螺故障的检测、隔离和估计。     

非线性系统的鲁棒故障检测与诊断

研究了一类具有未建模动态或扰动的非线性系统的鲁棒故障检测与诊断问题,利用神 经网络、模糊系统或小波网络等对非线性故障模式进行在线逼近的方法进行故障诊断.第一步， 对用于鲁棒故障检测的观测器,建立了保证观测器稳定的增益阵的选择条件;第二步,若检测出 发生故障,则用神经网络、模糊系统或小波网络进行故障的在线估计,建立了估计误差界,结果 显示输出估计误差将收敛到由扰动上界或建模误差上界线性确定的范围内.     

基于神经网络的非线性系统故障检测及容错控制方法

利用神经网络的非线性建模能力，提出了一种非线性系统的故障检测及容错控制方法。在本方法中，首先应用神经网络设计故障估计器，在线估计系统故障向量，实现故障检测；在此基础上，引入补偿控制器，消除故障对系统运行的影响，从而实现容错控制。同时基于Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ方法进行了稳定性分析。     

基于神经网络观测器的飞控传感器在线故障诊断

为提高无人机飞行安全可靠性,针对飞行控制系统中常出现的传感器故障以及非线性气动力模型参数难以确定的问题,提出了基于BP神经网络观测器估计的故障诊断方法;引用LM改进算法对网络参数进行调整,构造了神经网络观测器模型逼近非线性系统,并运用于飞行控制系统进行在线数字仿真,对垂直陀螺输出卡死故障、恒偏差故障和恒增益故障分别进行仿真分析;仿真结果表明,所设计神经网络观测器可以有效估计系统输出,在线诊断传感器故障。     

一类非线性系统的渐变故障诊断

研究非线性观测器故障诊断优化问题,针对一类状态不能测量的非线性不确定动态系统,提出了一种用RBF神经网络逼近渐变故障的诊断方法。设计非线性观测器来估计系统的状态,利用Lyapunov稳定性定理给出了RBF神经网络的权值、中心、宽度的更新调节律,通过在线调整RBF神经网络的权值、中心、宽度监测和估计系统中发生的非线性故障,实现了状态不能测量的非线性系统渐变故障诊断。最后,仿真例子证明了方法的有效性。     

基于模糊神经网络的非线性系统故障诊断

研究故障观测器优化设计,针对一类非线性动态系统,在考虑系统的输入输出包含外部扰动及建模误差等不确定性项[1]的情况下,为了提高所设计观测器对系统数学模型的在线跟踪能力从而进一步提高故障诊断的鲁棒性减少系统的误报警率,提出了基于模糊神经网络的诊断方法。利用神经网络以及模糊系统对非线性函数的无限逼近能力,设计了基于T-S模糊模型[2]的神经网络自适应观测器来拟合系统的非线性模型和系统的非线性故障特性。由Lyapunov稳定性方法获得调整观测器权重的规律。对所用改进方法的收敛性进行了证明,并通过仿真实例说明了诊断方法的有效性和使用性。     

基于神经网络观测器的飞行器传感器故障检测

为了避免传感器故障对飞控系统的影响,实现传感器故障的快速检测与隔离,提出了一种基于神经网络观测器(NNOB)的传感器故障检测方法。在建立四旋翼飞行器姿态故障模型的基础上,利用非线性观测器得到的期望输出和传感器测量值设计基于神经网络(NN)的传感器故障观测器,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)更新神经网络的权值参数,通过Lyapunov理论证明权值参数更新的收敛性,最终构建出一种基于神经网络观测器的传感器故障检测系统。数值仿真实验结果表明,与现有神经网络故障检测方法相比,所提方法具有更高的故障检出率与更好的跟踪性能。     

Robust sliding mode observer-based actuator fault detection and isolation for a class of nonlinear systems

In this article, an actuator fault detection and isolation scheme for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainty is considered. The uncertainty is allowed to have a nonlinear bound which is a general function of the state variables. A sliding mode observer is first established based on a constrained Lyapunov equation. Then, the equivalent output error injection is employed to reconstruct the fault signal using the characteristics of the sliding mode observer and the structure of the uncertainty. The reconstructed signal can approximate the system fault signal to any accuracy even in the presence of a class of uncertainty. Finally, a simulation study on a nonlinear aircraft system is presented to show the effectiveness of the scheme.     

基于自适应观测器的时滞系统执行器故障诊断

该文研究了一类含有未知输人干扰和模型不确定性的线性时滞系统的故障诊断问题。通过设计自适应诊断观测器，得到了一种新型的鲁棒执行器故障诊断方法。首先针对确定性系统分别设计了检测观测器和自适应诊断观测器，前者能够检测出故障的发生，后者能够理想地估计出故障随时间变化的形状。然后考虑系统的外部干扰和模型不确定，改进了自适应诊断观测器的算法，证明了故障诊断系统的稳定性，提高了故障诊断系统的鲁棒性。最后给出了故障检测过程中阈值的选取原则。仿真结果表明算法具有良好的诊断性能。     

Actuator fault diagnosis for a class of nonlinear systems and its application to a laboratory 3D crane

In this paper, an actuator fault diagnosis scheme is proposed for a class of affine nonlinear systems with both known and unknown inputs. The scheme is based on a novel input/output relation derived from the considered nonlinear systems and the use of the recently developed high-order sliding-mode robust differentiators. The main advantages of the proposed approach are that it does not require a design of nonlinear observer and applies to systems not necessarily detectable. Conditions are provided to characterize the feasibility of fault detection and isolation using the proposed scheme and the maximum number of isolatable actuator faults. The efficacy of the proposed actuator fault diagnosis approach is tested through experiments on a laboratory 3D Crane, and the experimental results show that the proposed actuator fault diagnosis approach is promising and can achieve fault detection and isolation satisfactorily.     

Isolation and handling of sensor faults in nonlinear systems

This work considers the problem of sensor fault isolation and fault-tolerant control for nonlinear systems subject to input constraints. The key idea is to design fault detection residuals and fault isolation logic by exploiting model-based sensor redundancy through a state observer. To this end, a high-gain observer is first presented, for which the convergence property is rigorously established, forming the basis of the residual design. A bank of residuals are then designed using a bank of observers, with each driven by a subset of measured outputs. A fault is isolated by checking which residuals breach their thresholds according to a logic rule. After the fault is isolated, the state estimate generated using measurements from the healthy sensors is used in closed-loop to maintain nominal operation. The implementation of the fault isolation and handling framework subject to uncertainty and measurement noise is illustrated using a chemical reactor example.     

Nonlinear robust fault reconstruction and estimation using a sliding mode observer

This paper considers fault detection and estimation issues for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainty, using an equivalent output error injection approach. A particular design of sliding mode observer is presented for which the parameters can be obtained using LMI techniques. A fault estimation approach is presented to estimate the fault and the estimation error is dependent on the bounds on the uncertainty. For a special class of uncertainty, a fault reconstruction scheme is presented where the reconstructed signal can approximate the fault signal to any accuracy. The proposed fault estimation/reconstruction signals are only based on the available plant input/ouput information and can be calculated on-line. Finally, a simulation study on a robotic arm system is presented to show the effectiveness of the scheme.     

基于RBF神经网络观测器飞控系统故障诊断

为了解决非线性系统采用解析方法进行故障诊断困难的问题,利用神经网络可逼近任意连续有界非线性函数的能力,提出了一种基于RBF神经网络观测器的故障检测与诊断方法,并详细论述了该故障诊断方法的构造原理。以含有非线性项的飞行控制系统的作动器模型为例,仅作动器的输入输出可测量,通过构造RBF神经网络观测器来拟合作动器系统模型,逼近其在正常情况下的输出。最后在飞控系统的闭环控制环境下,对作动器的三种典型故障进行了计算机仿真诊断,结果表明故障诊断方法是有效的。     

基于RBF神经网络的非线性系统故障诊断

针对一类模型未知的非线性动态系统,提出了一种基于神经网络在线估计结构的鲁棒故障诊断检测方法.系统中,仅输入输出可测,且包含输出不确定性项.该方法通过构造神经网络在线逼近结构来拟合该非线性系统模型和系统的非线性故障特性,建立系统的状态观测器.神经网络的权重调整规律由李亚普诺夫稳定性方法获得,系统的输出不确定性部分被用于获得诊断算法的阈值.最后,用Matlab/SIMULINK对的算法予以验证,结果表明本算法的合理性.     

Sensor fault diagnosis for a class of time delay uncertain nonlinear systems using neural network

In this paper, a sliding mode observer scheme of sensor fault diagnosis is proposed for a class of time delay nonlinear systems with input uncertainty based on neural network. The sensor fault and the system input uncertainty are assumed to be unknown but bounded. The radial basis function (RBF) neural network is used to approximate the sensor fault. Based on the output of the RBF neural network, the sliding mode observer is presented. Using the Lyapunov method, a criterion for stability is given in terms of matrix inequality. Finally, an example is given for illustrating the availability of the fault diagnosis based on the proposed sliding mode observer.     

故障检测滤波器的鲁棒性设计

该文设计了全维非线性未知输入观测器，实现检测滤波器对于被控对象模型误差和系统不确定性因素的干扰解耦。某型航空发动机控制系统传感器和执行机构的故障检测仿真实验表明，具有干扰解耦的故障检测滤波器可以准确地对传感器和执行机构的故障进行检测和隔离，提高了检测滤波器对于故障检测的鲁棒性。