棉用氨基硅油改性聚氨酯弹性整理

采用氨基硅油改性聚氨酯整理剂弹性硅油PU82对棉织物进行弹性整理。探讨整理剂用量、定形温度和时间对织物折皱回复角、断裂强度和手感等性能的影响,并与市售整理剂进行比较。确定的优化应用工艺为：整理剂用量150 g/L,焙烘温度150~160 ℃,时间3.5 min。结果表明,棉织物经硅油改性聚氨酯整理后,弹性回复及吸水性能显著提高,且手感较好。     

水溶性封端二异氰酸酯单体无甲醛抗皱整理

以亚硫酸氢钠封端异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)单体,得到水溶性封端IPDI抗皱整理剂,并将其用于棉织物抗皱整理,研究整理剂用量、焙烘温度、焙烘时间和聚乙二醇1000用量对织物性能的影响。优化的整理工艺为:整理剂110g/L,焙烘温度120℃,焙烘时间8min,聚乙二醇1000 20g/L;整理后,棉织物的折皱回复角可达182.5°。     

封端型水溶性聚氨酯对纯棉针织物的抗起毛起球整理

介绍了封端型水溶性聚氨酯的合成方法,并将其对纯棉针织物进行抗起毛起球整理.探讨了整理剂用量、焙烘温度及时间对整理后纯棉织物性能的影响,并确定了最佳工艺条件:整理液pH值8,整理剂用量120 g/L,150℃焙烘90 s.织物经其处理后,起毛起球现象大大降低,起毛起球等级从2.5级提高到4.0级,且织物的手感和白度不受其影响.     

含氟硅油拒水整理剂在棉织物上应用性能研究

自制了单组分和双组分氟硅拒水整理剂并应用于棉织物整理.对比研究了该2种氟硅整理剂的整理功效,其中双组分氟硅整理剂整理效果更好.研究了双组分氟硅油焙烘温度、焙烘时间及整理剂用量对拒水整理功效的影响,并测试了拒水整理后棉织物的物理机械性能.确定了双组分氟硅油最佳整理工艺为:二浸二轧(轧余率75%左右),100℃预烘120 s,170℃焙烘120 s.由此得到的拒水整理织物综合性能优良.     

棉织物的缓释微胶囊驱蚊整理

采用缓释驱蚊微胶囊整理剂PCM-SF对棉织物进行驱蚊整理,分析了驱蚊整理剂和黏合剂用量,焙烘温度和焙烘时间对整理织物驱蚊效果的影响,测试了整理织物的耐洗性能.研究结果表明,棉织物用缓释型微胶囊整理剂进行驱蚊整理的最适宜条件为:驱蚊整理剂PCM-SF 30～50 g/L,低温黏合剂30～ 40 g/L,焙烘温度100 ～110℃,焙烘时间3～5 min.整理织物经过30次洗涤后仍具有较好的驱蚊效果.     

棉织物改性纳米TiO2光触媒整理

采用轧烘焙工艺将Nano PC系列改性纳米TiO2光触媒整理剂施加到棉织物上,探讨光触媒整理剂的用量、光触媒整理剂与交联剂用量比,以及焙烘条件等对降解甲醛的影响.结果表明,Nano PC系列光触媒整理剂处理棉织物的优化工艺为:光触媒整理剂用量1%～1.5%,焙烘温度130℃,焙烘时间5 min.按此工艺处理后的棉织物,甲醛降解率达90%以上,具有良好的耐洗性和手感,且断裂强力、撕破强力和纤维聚合度均无明显变化.     

多功能整理剂MFA

将多功能整理剂MFA应用于棉织物的功能性整理,考察了MFA对织物抗皱性和柔软效果的影响.结果表明,多功能整理剂MFA作为无甲醛多功能整理剂用于棉织物整理,对白度和色光无影响,不存在黄变现象;其优化整理工艺为:整理剂MFA质量浓度80～100 g/L,焙烘温度150℃,焙烘时间90 s.MFA可以显著提高棉织物的抗皱和耐磨性能,与服丝平树脂整理剂合用时,能在显著提高抗皱性、滑爽性的同时,有效保护织物的撕破强力,当整理剂MFA质量浓度为50 g/L和服丝平树脂整理剂质量浓度为50 g/L时,整理效果和耐洗性最好.     

涤麻棉织物拒水,拒油,拒污整理技术研究

对纺织品拒水拒油拒污原理和苎麻及涤麻棉织物的表面性能进行分析,选用含氟有机整理剂对苎麻及其混纺织物进行“三拒”整理,对整理剂用量、焙烘温度及时间,催化剂的加入等因素进行了分析研究,总结了整理工艺。     

棉针织物的防水防油整理

研究了防水防油整理剂对棉针织物防水和防油性能的影响.防水防油整理剂使用鲁道夫公司的RUCO-GUARDAFR6,防水防油整理效果主要由整理剂用量、渗透剂用量、焙烘温度和焙烘时间4个因素确定.采用正交试验方法,确定常量为轧余率,通过改变整理剂用量、渗透剂用量、焙烘温度和焙烘时间4个参数值来确定最优工艺条件.     

纳米氧化锌和壳聚糖对棉织物的复合整理

针对棉织物抗紫外线及抗皱性较差的缺点,用纳米氧化锌和壳聚糖、有机硅对棉织物进行后整理,以提高其抗紫外线和抗皱性能,改进棉织物的服用性能。通过改变氧化锌纳米整理剂的用量、浴比、浸渍时间、焙烘温度、焙烘时间等工艺参数,对棉织物进行二浸二轧整理,再用不同浓度的壳聚糖和氨基硅酮溶液对其进行二浸二轧整理。对整理后织物的紫外线透过率、断裂强力、吸湿性、白度、折皱回复角、刚柔性等性能进行测试。结果表明,织物的抗皱性能和抗紫外线性能明显提高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the