马池口应急水源地开采对区域地下水位影响分析

通过建立地下水系统数值模型,选择地下水模型软件FEFLOW求解,对马池口应急备用水源地启动后,经历两个枯水年,一个平水年后,区域地下水位下降情况进行了预测,水位下降小于3m的面积为174.77km2,下降3～7m的面积为81.86km2,下降7～9m的面积为28.24km2,下降大于9m的面积为15.35km2,预测结果与地下水位监测数据基本吻合。     

泥岩裂隙水处理措施的研究

中国华商金融贸易中心项工程基础持力层为中风化泥岩。根据工程岩土勘察报告,泥岩层埋深15.5~16.7 m,其中强风化泥岩层厚约0.4~1.0 m,中风化泥岩层厚度较厚。场地内地下水丰富,其正常水位埋深在6.0~8.1 m,正常水位标高484.59~485.45 m,地下水位年变化幅度为2.0 m。基坑内裂隙水在-20 m左右及以下深度较丰富;基坑周边护壁裂隙水在进入泥岩层即较为丰富。     

酒泉钢铁公司地下水源地数值模拟及水位预报

酒钢公司用水主要由三个地下水源地供给。依据勘察资料进行水均衡计算的基础上,建立了勘察区地下水二维流水量数学模拟模型,以近期和远期需水量为依据,对未来地下水位的变化趋势进行了预报。结果表明,各水源地总计按近期27.648×104m3/d开采至2030年,开采区最大水位降深小于设计降深,均已形成稳定的降落漏斗,由此引起的泉水量减少对酒泉西盆地生态环境基本无影响;总计按远期34.56×104m3/d开采至2030年,北大河、嘉峪关水源地开采井降深小于设计降深,自2011年漏斗已基本稳定,但黑山湖水源地开采漏斗中心最大水位降深分别为17.22m和23.60m,水位持续下降,漏斗不断扩大并与其它水源地形成区域性大降落漏斗,并且使现有的泉水大量衰减直至完全消失,对下游生态环境将产生巨大的负面影响。     

DST水源地开采地下水对环境地质的影响评价

在干旱地区集中开采地下水,若开采不当,往往会产生地下水区域水位下降、天然野生植被退化乃至死亡等环境地质问题。通过水源地在不同开采年限下对地下水浅埋区(小于6m)水位下降的分析预测,结合新疆干旱地区生态地下水埋深适宜深度,对地下水浅埋区域的环境地质问题进行了分析评价。     

谈人工井点降水法在顶管施工中的应用

在非岩性的含水层内钻井抽水，井周围的水位就会下降，并形成倒伞状漏斗，如果将地下水降低至坑(槽)底以下，即可干槽施工。井点降水法就是这样降低地下水位的。近年来被广泛应用于沟槽及基坑降水，主要用在地下静水位较浅，基坑深度不大或管线埋深相对较浅的工程中，用在地质情况复杂，地下水位高、管道埋深大且管线沿河布置的工程中还不多见。     

地下水位上升对北京土层地震液化的影响

地下水位是砂土地震液化的重要影响因素，南水北调中线工程全线贯通后北京市地下水位持续上升。收集99个钻孔资料和122个地下水位监测站数据，采用基于最佳拟合分布的克里金插值方法，构建北京研究区域地下水位埋深和地层空间分布模型，分析地下水位变化对北京土层地震液化的影响。取地震加速度为0.2和0.4g,采用两种基于标准贯入试验的液化判别方法，在北京市平均水位上升1m、3m、5m的情况下，计算液化指数的空间分布和区域液化等级划分。结果表明：随着北京市地下水位的上升，研究区域液化面积增大，液化等级整体有所提升。地震加速度为0.4g时，规范法计算得到地下水位升高5m,液化面积占比从30.8%提升至70.7%。该液化危险性评价为北京市岩土工程建设提供了有力指导，也为全球类似地下水位上升地区提供了计算方法。     

吐鲁番绿洲区地下水开采条件下生态效应分析

分析了研究区水文地质条件与地下水开发利用现状,对存在的主要地质环境与生态系统问题进行了论述,通过类比西北内陆干旱区地下水与天然植被生长的已有成果,给出吐鲁番绿洲区天然植被能够正常生长的地下水位埋深上限值为3m、下限值为5.5m。结合2003年7月实际地下水位埋深分布,划分了3个生态分区,论述了不同区内潜水与天然植被生长的关系。     

石家庄市地下水系统的数值模拟与预测

本文应用GMS软件,建立石家庄市地下水流模型。应用该模型,预测黄壁庄水库的渗漏补给减少后,石家庄市地下水系统的变化情况,根据模拟结果得出,随着黄壁庄水库侧向渗漏量的减少,石家庄市地下水位不断下降,地下水降落漏斗面积不断扩大。因此提出从水库直接取水灌溉、加大污水回用力度、尽快实施南水北调等措施,以保证石家庄市地下水资源可持续发展,对于指导合理利用地下水、缓解地下水位下降具有现实意义。     

地下水流速影响地埋管换热能力的现场试验

为给地源热泵系统工程提供科学合理的设计依据,本文选取实际场地开展了地下水流速测量及换热测试,研究不同地下水流速对地埋管换热能力的影响。实测数据结果表明:地下水流动可增强地埋管换热能力,减轻能量累积效应;地下水流速增加时,位于上游区域、受地下水流影响的埋管有效长度较大的测试孔,其换热能力增加量优于位于下游、埋管有效长度较小的测试孔;地下水位较高的区域,有利于地埋管换热。试验结果对地埋管换热器的设计具有指导意义。     

岩溶隧道工程修建对地下水环境的影响

岩溶地区隧道施工期涌突水危害巨大,而大量输排地下水又会引发一系列的地质灾害。对中梁山隧道水文地质进行分析,采用遗传算法优化BP神经网络并对渗透参数进行反演,研究了隧道工程不同埋深、排水量对地下水环境的影响规律,并探究了隧道施工期和运行期地下水环境随时间的演变规律。结果表明:富水岩溶地区隧道具有从隔水层到含水层界面处涌突水风险最大的特点;开挖隧道时隧道高程越低、排水量越大,地下水环境变化越大;隧址区降落漏斗呈现出南侧小于北侧、东侧小于西侧的特征。现有施工期排水条件下施工地下水位下降很快且不能恢复到原水位,建议该地区在隧道施工期控制排水量,并在施工期及运营期采取保护地下水环境的措施。     

含水层富水性评价

为实现工程的安全开挖,基于洞库新生界含水层的水文地质条件和工程地质条件,探讨了渗透系数(K)及贮水系数(u*)的特征,分析了新生界含水层的富水性情况,在此基础上给出了新生界含水层富水性对洞库开挖的影响。结果表明:该工程新生界含水层呈弱富水性,对洞库开挖有一定影响,要做好排水、监测及防护措施。     

Contaminated Land and Aquifer Protection

The paper discusses the definition of contaminated land, its legislative controls, how it is identified and how a hazard ranking exercise may be carried out on a property portfolio in order to deal constructively with the problem of contaminated land. Such land is important because it can have substantial financial penalties attached to its investigation and remediation. The potential liabilities now arising from environmental impairment are such that anyone involved in the acquisition, ownership or disposal of land has to take an interest in it. The legislative background and environmental policy considerations which affect contaminated land are described, as well as the role of the National Rivers Authority in dealing with the subject. The principal types and sources of contaminated land are identified and current guidelines and standards for dealing with it are discussed. A technique developed for Scottish Enterprise whereby a property portfolio can be ranked in order of its potential hazard by combining the sensitivity of a site with its contamination potential in order to define environmental risk is described, and the necessity to seek professional and experienced advice in evaluating the consequences of contaminated land is highlighted.     

Assessing Aquifer Exploitation Using Observation Boreholes

Observation boreholes are used to assess the degree of exploitation of aquifers, but if the borehole is open over a considerable depth of the aquifer the results may be misleading. The need for individual shallow and deep boreholes is illustrated by case studies of an alluvial aquifer. An examination of groundwater heads in deep and shallow boreholes in the Bromsgrove Sandstone aquifer demonstrates that deep boreholes respond mainly to the abstraction but a shallow borehole reflects the overall response of the aquifer.     

A Regional Multilayered Aquifer Model for Microcomputers

Evaluation of the performance of a multilayer aquifer system in a regional study is a problem frequently encountered in ground water studies. In this study a finite element Galerkin formulation is presented for the solution of steady state ground water seepage problem in a multilayer aquifer system for microcomputer environments. The computer code which is originally developed on CDC-CYBER-855 system is then adopted to an IBMPC system with 256 K core memory capacity using Microsoft version 3.2 FORTRAN Compiler (MS-FORTRAN Compiler) which runs under version 1.25 of the Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS). For fast numeric processing a 8087 processing environment is suggested but such a processor is not necessary for proper execution. In order to verify the validity of the numerical procedure proposed, several numerical experiments are performed and the results obtained are compared with the analytical solutions. The computer code generated is identified as MSGF1 (Multilayer-Steady-Groundwater-Flow) model and it is supported and maintained by the author.     

含水层水文地质参数自动优选方法

本文利用抽水试验资料，采用单纯形法在计算机上自动优选含水层水文地质参数。该方法与目前使用的配线法相比较，具有节省计算时间、减少人工配线误差等优点。     

Groundwater Model of Conditions in Liverpool Sandstone Aquifer

T his study considers the groundwater conditions for the period 1948–82 in the Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifer of the Liverpool area. During this period, significant changes have occurred in the abstraction patterns and a new railway tunnel has been constructed below sea level in Central Liverpool. To understand the flow conditions within the aquifer, detailed studies have been carried out into the aquifer properties, the influence of rivers and tunnels, and the estimation of recharge. It is found that conventional rainfall recharge accounts for only one-third of the total recharge.
Numerical model solutions were used to check the adequacy of the understanding of the flow processes and the solutions have confirmed that the rising water levels in Central Liverpool result from high recharge and a reduction in abstraction. Having validated the model by comparisons with field data, the model was then used to predict the probable future water level changes.     

基于level set方法的含水层参数识别

简单介绍了level set方法的基本原理,并将其应用到含水层参数识别问题。将含水层中两种介质的界面看作level set函数的零水平集。首先给定一个初始界面,然后根据观测水头与计算水头之差,使lcvel set函数以一定方式运动,从而使计算出来的界面逐步逼近真实界面。文中给出了两个数值算例,结果表明该方法可以有效地处理含水层参数识别问题。     

An Unsteady Regional Multilayered Aquifer Model for Microcomputers

Groundwater quality and quantity modeling in regional aquifer systems has developed very rapidly within the last twenty years. The new computational methods introduced to this field offer flexible tools to practicing engineers to analyze complex problems that otherwise would have been unfeasible to solve. Recent advances made in microcomputer technology introduce a new phase to this progress since such computational facilities are now readily available to most engineers, and the existing groundwater models can be implemented on these computers for efficient and reliable simulation. The study summarized here is an extension of an earlier steady-state groundwater Now model developed by the first author. The numerical model discussed here is developed for an IBM-AT or compatible system with 640K core memory capacity. The FORTRAN code is compiled using the Microsoft version 3.2 FORTUNE Compiler (MS-FORTRAN Compiler) which runs under version 1.25 of the Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS). For fast numeric processing an 8087 coprocessing environment is suggested but such a processor is not necessary for proper execution. The unsteady multilayer aquifer model developed here is verified based on analytical solutions for multilayer aquifers available in the literature. The computer code generated is identified as MUCF1 (Multilayer-Unsteady-Groundwater-Flow) model.     

北京顺怀密地区地下水脆弱性评价

地下水饮用水源地的保护重在防治,地下水脆弱性评估意义重大.基于DRASTIC模型,运用层次分析法,结合GIS技术对北京市顺怀密研究区潜层地下水进行本质脆弱性评价与分区.结果表明,北京顺怀密研究区地下水脆弱性普遍较高,脆弱性相对较低和低区仅占研究区总面积的10.38％.此外,通过指标敏感度分析探讨了影响研究区本质脆弱性的主要因素,为特殊脆弱性评价体系的建立提供科学方向.     

降水含水层的应力变化模型

本文通过对降水含水层的应力变化分析 ,提出了三种应力变化模型 ,特别是对有效应力的变化分析 ,可准确地通过水位 (头 )降深计算出有效应力的时空分布 ,并使计算或预测地面沉降的精度大大提高