Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al25 − xCr25 + 0.5xFe25Ni25 + 0.5x (x = 19, 17, 15 at%) Multi‐Component Alloys

A series of Al_{25 ? x}Cr_{25 + 0.5x}Fe₂₅Ni_{25 + 0.5x} (x = 19, 17, 15 at%) multi‐component alloys are prepared by arc‐melting and rapid solidification of copper molds. The technique of thermal‐mechanical processing is further applied to the master alloys to improve their mechanical properties. These alloys consist of face‐centered cubic (FCC) and body‐centered cubic (BCC) structure. The volume fraction of the BCC phase increases as Al content increase and Cr and Ni contents decrease, accompanied with a microstructural evolution from dendritic structure to lamella‐like structure. Due to the increase of volume fraction of BCC phase, the master alloys exhibit an increased strength and a declined ductility as Al content increases. The rapid solidified alloys have more BCC phase compared with the master alloys, which enhances the strength and decreases the ductility. After homogenization, hot‐rolling, and annealing at 1000 °C, the Al₈Cr_33.5Fe₂₅Ni_33.5 alloy displays excellent combination of strength (yield strength is ～635 MPa and fracture strength is ～1155 MPa) and ductility (tension strain is ～11%).

     

Thermal stability of Al2O3-5 vol% SiC nanocomposite

An alumina nanocomposite containing 5.0 vol% SiC, which exhibits a fracture toughness of more than three times that of conventional alumina ceramics, was fabricated by hot pressing a powder mixture consisting of submicrometre alumina and silicon carbide powder particles at temperatures in the range 1600–1700 °C. SiC particles, 20–30 nm in size, were observed to occur primarily at the intragranular positions in the alumina matrix. The nanocomposite was then thermally aged in air for various periods at 1400 °C. The thermal treatment led to the formation of a reacted surface scale, the thickness of which increases with increasing ageing time at the ageing temperature. The microstructure of the reacted surface scale was studied using XRD, SEM and TEM equipped with an EDX analysis facility. At the thermal ageing temperature, SiC particles within the surface scale are oxidized to form silica, which subsequently reacts with the alumina matrix. The oxidation of the SiC particles and the subsequent reaction with the alumina matrix, together with the grain growth of various phases, resulted in the formation of a porous microstructure, which consists of alumina grains, mullites of differing composition, and amorphous silica and aluminosilicate pockets. Two types of mullite phase, which contain a high and a low level of silica, respectively, were identified in the surface scales. The high silica-containing mullite phases, the composition of which is close to that of stoichiometric mullite, occur as large, irregularly shaped matrix grains. The low silica-containing mullite phases (15–20 wt% SiO₂), which exhibit a rounded morphology, are observed to occur as second-phase particles entrapped within the high-silica containing mullite grains. The nanocomposite structure in the bulk region remains almost intact when compared with that of the unaged nanocomposite. The only noticeable difference is that the alumina matrix in the thermally aged nanocomposite exhibits a slightly larger grain size than that of the unaged nanocomposite.     

Thermisch gespritzte Schichten im System Al2O3–Cr2O3–TiO2 – ein Update

With exception of ZrO₂, the individual oxides and binary compositions in the system Al₂O₃–Cr₂O₃–TiO₂ are the most important oxide materials for the preparation of thermally sprayed coatings. In this contribution selected results of recent own research activities are summarized. This includes the comparison of microstructures, phase compositions, and properties of coatings, deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and high velocity oxy‐fuel (HVOF) spraying. The possibilities arriving from the use of suspensions as feedstock are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the advantage of use of binary compositions in this system. Tribological, electrical and corrosion properties of the coatings are discussed.     

Microstructure of pressureless-sintered Al2O3-24 vol% ZrO2 composite studied by high-resolution electron microscopy

The microstructure of an Al₂O₃-24 vol% ZrO₂ composite prepared by pressureless-sintering was investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy. The composite was formed of homogeneously dispersed ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ grains with average sizes of 0.3 and 0.5 m, respectively. Most ZrO₂ grains had a monoclinic structure, but a few ZrO₂ embedded in Al₂O₃ grains were a tetragonal structure. At interfaces between ZrO₂ with a lamella-type twin structure and Al₂O₃, microcracks were observed, in addition to strain fields in the Al₂O₃ matrix. Complex twin structures accompanied by dislocations were observed in ZrO₂ with a spherical shape. In in situ observations with electron-beam heating, it was found that a crack propagated along an Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ interface and stopped at the place where a tetragonal ZrO₂ had undergone a structural change to monoclinic ZrO₂.     

SPS合成Al2O3-Al2TiO5复相陶瓷的组织性能及磨损行为

以两种Al2O3-TiO2复合粉体为原料经SPS烧结制备出Al2O3-Al2TiO5复相陶瓷.采用纳米结构复合粉体烧结而成的复相陶瓷有着较优的力学性能,特别是具有较高的断裂韧性和硬度,与其较小的晶粒尺寸相对应.干滑动摩擦磨损试验在4N和6N法向载荷下进行,结果表明,采用微米结构复合粉体烧结而成的复相陶瓷磨损表面较光滑,体积磨损量较小.在磨损试验中,纳米结构复合粉体烧结而成的复相陶瓷的破坏方式为沿晶断裂,有明显的晶粒拔出现象;微米结构复合粉体烧结而成的复相陶瓷呈不连续的微观断裂并产生塑性变形;同时,两种材料在摩擦磨损过程中都发生接触面的氧化和物质转移.     

Al-2O-3微粒的尺度律对镁微观组织和拉伸性能的影响

采用混合-压缩-烧结的方法制备了3种不同尺寸且体积分数为1.1%的A12O3微粒增强镁基复合材料.材料微观组织的特征表明:A12O3增强体分布均匀.力学性能特征表明:增强体A12O3微粒的加入显著增加了金属镁的硬度、屈服强度(0.2 %)、极限抗拉强度及韧性;与高体积分数SiC微粒增强镁合金AZ91相比,纳米和亚微米尺...     

Interface structure and mechanical properties of Al2O3-20 vol% ZrO2-20 vol% SiCW ceramic composite

The microstructure, mechanical properties, fracture behaviour and toughening mechanisms of Al₂O₃-20 vol% ZrO₂ (2 mol% Y₂O₃)-20 vol% SiC_W ceramic matrix composite were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays, high-resolution electron microscopy techniques and three-point bending tests. The results show that the Al₂O₃ matrix is simultaneously strengthened and toughened by both ZrO₂ particles and SiC whiskers. The interfacial amorphous layers between SiC whiskers and ZrO₂, and Al₂O₃ grains were observed by both TEM dark-field and high-resolution electron microscopy techniques.     

Fe/Al2O3陶瓷梯度涂层的微观结构与性能

采用喷涂法和溶胶-凝胶法相结合的工艺,以FeAlNi混合粉体为过渡层材料在钢基体表面制备了Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层,并对其微观结构与性能进行分析.结果表明:当烧结温度为1220℃时,梯度涂层与钢基体的界面结合强度达到25.3MPa,涂层主要由α-Al2O3,AlFeO3和NiFe2O4等物相组成.Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层与钢基体的结合主要通过吸附与扩散化合两种方式共同起作用.涂层中没有明显的孔洞和平整的界面,且有树枝状组织生成,涂层与钢基体实现良好的结合,这表明涂层成分的梯度化设计能够有效地缓和界面处的应力集中,改善涂层与钢基体的界面结合状态,提高涂层材料的使用性能.     

Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3连续纤维的制备及力学性能

本实验采用溶胶-凝胶法结合干法纺丝制备了氧化铝基凝胶连续纤维,煅烧后得到含12.92％B2O3、24.56％SiO2和62.50％(均为质量分数)Al2O3的氧化铝基陶瓷连续纤维.通过TG-DSC、SEM、TEM、XRD和强度拉伸仪等分析手段研究了前驱体溶胶的微观结构、纤维晶相组成以及纤维表面和内部结构.结果表明,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的前驱体溶胶可纺性优良,性质稳定.采用干法纺丝得到的氧化铝基凝胶连续纤维长度可达上千米,将凝胶纤维进行陶瓷化后形成的含硼氧化铝基陶瓷连续纤维直径均匀,为14～15 μm,经1 000℃煅烧后纤维主晶相为莫来石相,拉伸强度最高可达1.35 GPa.本实验所制备的氧化铝基陶瓷连续纤维具有优良的力学性能,在热防护领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Al2O3/TiO2纳米复合粉体爆炸喷涂层微结构及纳米压痕力学特性

研究了纳米复合涂层(NCC)和传统涂层(MCC)的微观结构及纳米压痕力学性能. NCC孔洞小,具有良好的均质分布特征.MCC中存在多级尺度分布的孔洞及微裂纹等缺陷, 呈现明显的非均质分布特征.NCC中大量晶界、亚晶界和微裂纹使得涂层中Al2O3基质相细化为纳米晶粒,但MCC中存在大量未熔片层颗粒.NCC和MCC具有各向异性的弹性、塑性、硬度和弹性模量.NCC比MCC相应的断面和表面具有更优良的抵抗外加负载性能、弹性恢复能力,更高的纳米压痕硬度和弹性模量.     

等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3/TiO2复合陶瓷涂层的显微组织与性能

采用液相喷雾造粒方法将纳米级Al2O3/TiO2团聚成微米级颗粒,制备了适用于等离子喷涂的陶瓷复合粉体,并利用等离子喷涂技术成功的制备出了含有纳米结构的陶瓷涂层.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和显微硬度计等设备对涂层的微观结构和性能做了初步的检测.结果表明,涂层中含有适当比例的未熔或半熔的纳米颗粒,涂层的硬度、韧性和耐磨性等性能与普通涂层相比都有了较大提高.     

纳米Al2O3强化铜基ODS 20的组织与性能

研究了铜基ODS的组织与性能。结果表明,采用内氧化方法生产的铜基ODS 20,在纯铜基体上原位生成弥散、10nm左右的-γAl2O3微粒。该材料导电率约90%IACS,比纯铜导电率约降低10%。加工状态的室温强度可达到610MPa,在1173K保温1.5h,硬度达到室温硬度的86%,表明软化温度高于1173 K。经1273K+1.5h退火,晶粒平均直径小于1μm,Al2O3微粒不发生熔解、聚集、长大等现象。     

塑性变形对Al0.5FeCoCrNi高熵合金组织结构和性能的影响

通过真空电弧熔炼制备了Al0.5FeCoCrNi高熵合金,采用轧制方法获得轧制变形量分别为30%、60%和90%的塑性变形合金,利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射分析仪、扫描电镜及附带能谱分析仪、透射电镜、硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机,研究塑性变形对合金组织结构和性能的影响。结果表明,塑性变形后合金的枝晶相被压扁拉长,枝晶间相沿轧制方向被拉长。合金的加工硬化能力强,轧制变形量分别为30%、60%和90%的合金的显微硬度分别为268.8HV,348.4HV和393.9HV,但耐磨性下降。     

烧结温度对20%ZrO_2(3Y)/Al_2O_3复相陶瓷力学性能和微观结构的影响

20%纳米ZrO2(3Y)粉末加入到高纯亚微米Al2O3粉中,采用高压干压成型方法和恒速升温多阶段短保温烧结方法制备出不同烧结温度下的复相陶瓷。研究烧结温度对复相陶瓷力学性能的影响,通过XRD,EDS和SEM对复相陶瓷进行元素组成和微观结构分析。结果表明:烧结温度在很大程度上影响着复相陶瓷的力学性能和微观结构,常压烧结1600℃保温8h时,相对密度、维氏硬度和断裂韧性达到最大,分别为98.6%,18.54GPa和9.3MPa·m1/2,而基体晶粒尺寸为1.4~8.1μm,ZrO2相变量为34.6%。1600℃下复相陶瓷具有优质的微观结构,断裂方式为沿晶-穿晶混合断裂模式。ZrO2(3Y)粉体的加入,从相变增韧、内晶型颗粒增韧和裂纹偏转等多个方面提高了复相陶瓷的断裂韧性。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZrO2(2Y)-Toughened Al2O3 Ceramics Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) has been performed for 5 min at 1500°C and 30 MPa using submicrometer-sized Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(2Y) composite powders in the Al₂O₃-rich region. Dense ZrO₂-toughened Al₂O₃ (ZTA) ceramics show excellent mechanical strength; the strength of 1620 MPa is achieved in the ZTA with 50 mol% ZrO₂. The grain size of Al₂O₃ in ZTA decreases from 1.5 to 0.6 m with increased ZrO₂ content. Almost all the ZrO₂ grains (0.3 m) are located in the boundaries of the Al₂O₃ grains. Mechanical properties are discussed, with an emphasis on the relation between t-/m-ZrO₂ ratios and microstructures of ZTA.