“四新”技术在呼伦贝尔油田系统工程中的应用

呼伦贝尔油田系统工程是2008年度中国石油天然气集团公司重点项目之一,项目总投资为125186.07万元。本项目主体工程是将呼伦贝尔油田各已建联合站所产净化原油的外输形式由汽车拉运改为密闭管输;同时配套建设1套油田通信系统,随输油管道同沟敷设1条16芯直埋光缆;配套建设嵯岗转输油总站35k V供电线路一条;建设呼伦贝尔油田对外联系干路一条;配套建设苏一生产指挥中心一座;建设嵯岗生产指挥中心一座;建设中2站综合值班室一座;建设贝28生产维修队点及化验检测中心。设计中积极采用"四新"技术,节省了大量资金,取得了明显的经济效益。     

呼伦贝尔油田系统工程设计优化

呼伦贝尔油田系统工程在设计中,积极采用新工艺、新技术、新设备,采用合理的工艺流程,同时通过方案对比、优化,可节省一次性投资,减少占地面积,减少草原破坏面积。呼伦贝尔油田系统工程实施后取得了明显的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。     

呼伦贝尔油田地面工程优化简化的实施

呼伦贝尔油田油藏渗透率低、储量丰度低、气油比低,且区块分散、系统依托性差、环境保护要求高,导致产能建设工作量大、投资高。为降低建设投资、节约运行成本,经过不断探索、创新,逐步优化、简化了地面工艺技术。阐述了根据不同区块特点,采用不同的布站方式和集油工艺;采用高效三相分离器进行原油脱水;采用SSF(悬浮污泥过滤法)净化机处理油田采出水;采用"分质分压"注水;以及降低井排路标准等一系列措施,满足油田开发和安全生产要求的同时,达到了降低地面建设投资的目的。介绍了呼伦贝尔油田油气集输系统、含油采出水系统、注水系统、道路系统的优化、简化情况及取得的效益。     

国外油田地面工程的模块组装化技术

20世纪七十年代后期,由于美、苏、英等国对处于特殊地带油田的开发与建设,促进了油田地面工程的模块组装化技术的发展。这一技术是在工厂将油气田大型装置与设施,整体或分片组装成一个特殊模块,拉运到现场进行组装、连接施工,大大减少了现场施工工作量,解决了特殊地带劳力紧张、材料缺乏及施工困难等问题,加快了油气田建设速度,取得显著的社会经济技术效果。这一技术的应用与发展,是规划设计、拉运、吊装施工等多项技术配套发展的结果,本文就此作一简要介绍。     

控制油田建设投资、降低运行成本的实践

油田地面集输建设存在的主要问题是开发的建设规模与地面系统工程合理确定,如何使二者统一,合理确定地面规模,既能合理控制开发投资,又能避免系统后期低效运行,是一个难题。本文通过对升平油田开发建设过程的再认识,提出油田降低投资,减少运行成本的新方案,应用取得了较好的效果。     

陆上老油田集输系统整体简化优化技术应用

目前,大部分陆上油田的开发已进入中后期,地面系统的处理量及站场负荷均按照建设初期设计投运,面临站场负荷率低、管道输油量低、集油工艺能耗高、小断块拉运费用高等问题。针对这些共性问题,以某油田为例,通过输油方式区域调整、集油工艺整体优化、边零小断块密闭处理等三项工艺技术,提高了站场负荷率,消除了安全隐患,完成了地面集输系统的整体简化优化,达到节能降耗、安全运行的目的,其思路可供其他油田参考借鉴。     

鄯善油田地面建设工程设计

鄯善油田是我国西部戈壁滩上第一个整装开发建设的油田,地面建设一期工程于1991年11月投产一次成功.针对鄯善油田的原油物性和自然条件,油田地面建设工程设计采取了井口至联合站全线不加热集油,油气多级分离稳定,注水系统氮气密闭、精细过滤等24项新技术,达到了原油密闭率及稳定率,伴生气处理率及利用率等6个百分之百.本文全面论述了鄯善油田地面建设主要系统工程的设计特点和技术措施,对我国西部油田的开发建设具有一定的借鉴和指导意义.     

卸油点储油工艺技术经济分析

油田开发进入中后期,部分薄差油层不断投入基建,这类油层产量低、地面井位孤立、距离已建系统远,一般采用汽车运油罐车将油井产液拉运至卸油点集中收集后就近输送至转油脱水站进行处理。卸油点的核心设计为储油工艺。论述了常用的卸油罐储油工艺、卸油池储油工艺的工艺流程,分析了两种储油工艺各自的特点及适应性。对于同时接收落地原油和罐车拉运的液体原油的卸油点,通过具体案例综合技术经济对比分析,推荐采用更具优势的卸油罐+卸油池的组合储油工艺方案。     

油田地面建设事故应急能力综合评价模型研究

油田地面建设是一项涉及切割、焊接、吊运、挖方、填土等多工种和多工序连续作业的系统工程。AHP-模糊分析法综合了层次分析法和模糊数学原理,考虑了人在分析思考时的模糊性,利用隶属度将模糊信息定量化,而且不会忽略因素在程度上的差异,使模型评价结果更符合实际情况。这对于评价指标较多、涉及因素复杂且易于划定层次和类别的油田地面建设事故应急能力评价非常适用。利用AHP-模糊分析法建立的油田地面建设事故应急能力综合评价模型,可为油田应急管理的研究提供一定的借鉴。     

浅析油田地面工程造价的有效控制

油田地面工程投资在油田勘探、开发总投资中占有较大比重,有效控制地面工程造价对提高油田勘探、开发投资效益,增加投资回报具有重要意义。将油田地面工程建设过程分为五个阶段,对各个阶段的工程造价控制进行简要论述,阐明油田地面工程造价控制是一个系统工程,需要进行全过程、全方位的管理和控制。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.