超薄NiMnCo合金触媒片对合成金刚石的影响

在研制厚度在０．３ｍｍ以下的ＮｉＭｎＣｏ片状触媒的基础上，就该触媒材料在六面顶压机上合成金刚石的效果进行了研究。实验结果表明：片状触媒材料的薄化，不仅能减少合成金刚石触媒材料的消耗，增加触媒与石墨之间的作用面积。而且还能适当提高合成金刚石高强料的比例；结合上述实验结果，就片状触媒的厚度对合成金刚石效果进行了分析，讨论。     

合成金刚石用触媒合金粉末的开发应用

粉末法合成人造金刚石相比片状合成的相同体积的金刚石来说，产量、质量均有大幅度提高，而材料消耗大幅度降低，用触媒合金粉末材料合成人造金刚石已经得到国内各生产厂家的认同，合成高品级人造金刚石用的触媒合金粉末材料正处于方兴未艾的阶段，触媒合金粉末材料的需求量呈快速增长的趋势。     

粉末触媒合成金刚石体系的温度稳定性问题

就不同粉末触媒、石墨粉配比体系的金刚石单晶在高温高压条件下生长过程中,合成腔体内温度场的变化进行分析,指出合理的粉末触媒合成金刚石体系的粉末触媒及石墨粉的分布状态。     

用纳米石墨作碳源在高温高压下合成条形金刚石

在国产 6× 12 0 0吨铰链式六面顶压机上 ,选用 Fe55Ni2 9Co16粉末触媒和 Ni70 Mn2 5Co5粉末触媒 ,在 5.1GPa和 1350 K的条件下 ,首次用纳米石墨进行了金刚石的合成实验。实验结果表明 :纳米石墨在 Fe55Ni2 9Co16粉末触媒和高温高压条件下生成大小在 2 0 μm左右的条形金刚石 ;在Ni70 Mn2 5Co5粉末触媒和高温高压条件下生成大小在 5～ 2 0 μm左右的、呈六一八面体的金刚石。两种金刚石都是透明的。初步分析了条形金刚石的形成原因。     

不同粒度NiMnCo粉末触媒催化特性及其影响因素的研究

采用扫描电干显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、差热分析(DAT)研究了不同粒度NiMnCo触媒合成空刚石的催化特性及熔化特性、微观形貌、表面化学状态对其影响，结果表明：320／500目触媒适宜粗颗粒金刚石的合成，150／200目粉末触媒合成的SMD系列金刚石比例较高；比表面积、表面状态和熔化特性直接影响其合成金刚石的效果，比表面积增大，有利于提高空刚石的合成单产；熔化温度降低．可以减少连聚晶的发生；控制粉末触媒表面的氧含量是提高其催化活性的关键。     

合成金刚石用触媒合金粉末的开发应用

触媒合金粉末材料的需求量呈快速增长的趋势，我们就其开发应用做介绍： 触媒合金粉末的开发背景 自人造金刚石问世以来，超硬材料行业得到了迅猛发展，它不仅拉动了相关行业的快速发展，也改变了人们的生活。人造金刚石作为一种超硬材料，它硬度高、耐磨性好，用其作钻切磨工具可广泛用于地质、     

高温高压合成含硼金刚石单晶制备工艺初探

本文以掺入不同含量硼铁的铁基合金为触媒,以石墨为碳源,在高温高压条件下合成了含硼金刚石单晶体.利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了金刚石及触媒的组织形貌;利用金相显微镜观察了金刚石颗粒的颜色和形态;利用拉曼光谱仪(RS)确认了人造金刚石单晶体中硼的存在;利用低温电阻测量仪验证了合成的含硼金刚石单晶颗粒具有半导体性能.实验结果表明,在金刚石的合成中,触媒中硼铁含量为2wt%的合成效果相对最好.     

Fe-Ni-C体系高温高压生长金刚石单晶的碳源供给

在Fe-Ni-C体系中高温高压生长金刚石单晶,通过对触媒和金属包覆膜的物相结构表征、相图分析以及热力学计算等方法探讨金刚石形核长大的碳源供给。研究发现:在金刚石形核的初期,由于石墨的不断熔入,触媒熔体会迅速形成对碳的过饱和溶液,并析出初生渗碳体。金刚石单晶合成之后触媒和金属包覆膜的组织与物相均以渗碳体为主。相图分析发现,金刚石的形核长大伴随有渗碳体的分解。热力学计算表明,在金刚石稳定生长区域,渗碳体向金刚石转变的相变自由能比石墨-金刚石的相变自由能更负。由此说明,Fe-Ni-C体系高温高压生长金刚石单晶的直接碳源并非石墨,而是渗碳体,即金刚石单晶来源于渗碳体高温高压的金刚石化而不是石墨的直接转化。     

铁基触媒的组织结构对合成金刚石的影响

采用粉末冶金铁基触媒在六面顶压机上高温高压合成金刚石.使用高性能金相显微镜,扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对合成之后触媒的组织结构进行系统的表征.试验发现,触媒组织主要由粗大的板条状初生渗碳体和细密的共晶莱氏体构成;金刚石生长效果不好时,触媒组织中夹杂有团絮状石墨.分析认为,初生渗碳体极有可能就是金刚石生长的直接碳源,即高温高压下溶解于触媒熔体的石墨首先与触媒合金形成碳化物,在触媒的催化作用下,碳原子自渗碳体脱溶,沉积到金刚石表面,完成金刚石的生长.     

Fe+Ni+C体系合成粗颗粒金刚石单晶的生长特征

在配备有高精密化控制系统SPD6×1670T型国产六面顶压机上,采用Fe80Ni20粉末触媒和高纯石墨开展粗颗粒金刚石单晶的生长特征研究。在粉末触媒技术合成金刚石的基础上,引入旁热式组装,以及采用优选粒度的触媒,特别是通过优化合成工艺严格地控制了合成腔体内晶体的成核量及生长速度。最终,在高温高压条件下(约5.4GPa、1435℃)成功合成出尺寸达到0.95mm(18/20目)的优质的粗颗粒金刚石单晶,分析了粗颗粒金刚石的生长特征和晶体缺陷,期待研究的结果有助于我国高品级粗颗粒金刚石的发展。     

催化体系对直接法合成甲基氯硅烷的影响

概述了直接法合成甲基氯硅烷的催化反应机理、催化剂种类、用量及分散 ,探讨了温度对催化体系的影响及反应前后触体的变化。并对国内直接法合成甲基氯硅烷催化体系的发展提出了建议     

有机硅废触体的综合利用

本文对国内外直接法合成甲基氯硅烷所产生的废触体的综合利用方法进行了综述,如氧化还原法回收铜和利用废触体合成有机氯硅烷等;并对国内废触体的综合利用提出了发展建议。     

A comparative study of Ni/Al_2O_3–SiC foam catalysts and powder catalysts for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzaldehyde

In this study, Al_2O_3-washcoated SiC(Al_2O_3–SiC) foams and Al_2O_3 powder were employed as the supports of a Ni catalyst for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzaldehyde. A series of Ni/Al_2O_3–SiC foam catalysts and Ni/Al_2O_3 powder catalysts with a Ni loading from 10 wt% to 37 wt% of the weight of Al_2O_3 were first prepared by a deposition–precipitation(DP) method. The catalytic activity and recyclability of both kinds of catalysts were then compared. Although it had a smaller accessible surface area with the reactant, the foam catalyst with a Ni loading of 16 wt% exhibited a slightly higher conversion of benzaldehyde after 6 h(of 99.3%) in comparison with the Ni/Al_2O_3 catalyst with identical Ni loading(conversion of 97.5%). When the Ni loading increased from 16 wt% to 37 wt%, the reaction rate obtained with the foam catalyst increased significantly from 0.108 to 0.204 mol L~(-1)h~(-1), whereas the reaction rate obtained with the powder catalyst increased from 0.106 to 0.123 mol L~(-1)h~(-1). Furthermore, the specific activity(moles of benzaldehyde consumed by 1 g min~(-1)of Ni) of the foam catalyst with a Ni loading above 30 wt% was superior to that of the powder catalyst because of its smaller Ni-particle size and higher mass-transfer rate. The foam catalyst displayed a high recyclability as a function of run times owing to the strong interaction between the Ni component and the Al_2O_3 coating. The conversion of benzaldehyde over the foam catalyst remained almost unchanged after being used 8 times. In comparison, a drop of 43% in the conversion of benzaldehyde with the powder catalyst was observed after being used 7 times due to the leaching of the Ni component.     

高质量碳纳米管的低温制备方法

针对低温下碳纳米管的各种生长方式及影响其质量的实验因素进行了综述。分析了催化剂、碳源气体、温度等在生长碳纳米管时的作用与影响。     

Solution phase synthesis of t-ZrO2 nanoparticles in ZrO2–SiO2 mixed oxide

A solution phase synthesis is used to prepare tetragonal zirconia nanoparticles. Ammonia solution and zirconia precursor solution were prepared separately and then mixed together to get colloidal hydroxide precipitate. The colloidal hydroxide was treated with silica sol and then the precipitate was separated and dried. The dried powder was then calcined at different temperatures for 2 and 6?h. The mean particle size of the powder calcined at 1000°C was found to be around 8–10?nm. The thermal analysis of dried powder indicates the formation of bulk tetragonal zirconia phase at 780°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopic analyses confirm the presence of 100% tetragonal zirconia phase in the powder calcined at 1000°C. The addition of silica stabilised the tetragonal zirconia phase. It is advantageous to use this powder as catalyst or catalyst support that operates at high temperatures.     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

竹炭基固体酸催化剂的制备及其催化性能研究

以4年生慈竹为炭源制备新型碳基固体强酸催化剂,以油酸与甲醇的酯化反应为模型反应主要考察了炭化温度、炭化时间、磺化温度和磺化时间等因素对其催化剂性能的影响。研究结果表明,以竹子作为碳源,利用硫酸合成碳基固体酸催化剂的最佳工艺条件为:碳化温度650℃,碳化时间6h,磺化温度140℃和磺化时间10h,在此条件下油酸与甲醇的酯化反应的转化率达到94.70%。竹炭基固体酸催化剂制备简单,催化酯化反应条件温和,克服了传统液体酸催化剂的缺点,具有良好的稳定性,且通过简单的过滤即可回收重复利用具有很好的应用前景。     

乙醇一步合成乙酸乙酯时混合氧化物催化剂的TPD和TPR测试

用NH_3-TPD、CO_2-TPD和了PR方法表征了乙醇一步合成乙酸乙酯时混合氧化物催化剂物种和还原特性。结果表明,催化剂表面同时存在酸中心和碱中心,在Cu/ZnO/CoO/Al_2O_3催化剂体系中添加TiO_2和ZrO_2或以NiO代替CoO,导致NH_3-TPD和CO_2-TPD谱的变化,TPR谱的还原峰温度大大降低并由一个还原峰分裂为二个还原峰,这些变化已被反应动力学数据证实是有利于催化性能的提高。     

Influence of processing parameters on the formation of WC-Co nanocomposite powder using a polymer as carbon source

Influences of processing parameters on the formation of WC-Co nanocomposite powder employing polyacrylonitrile as a carbon source have been investigated systematically. The processing parameters investigated include firing time and temperature, addition of a small quantity of cobalt acetate initially as a catalyst, and the sample quantity for a given firing scheme. The investigation provides basic information for optimizing processing parameters to obtain finer WC-Co nanocomposite powders with less unwanted phases. Based on the information obtained from systematic investigation, an improved processing procedure is developed, which can avoid some shortcomings of our previously reported procedure. However, the final product still has some undecomposed polymer or uncombined carbon, which needs to be eliminated before the present synthesis route becomes commercially feasible.