人造板家具中甲醛释放量检测方法探讨

随着近些年科学技术的发展,室内使用人造板类装饰装修材料数量明显增加,因此使用人造板制作的家具受到了广大消费者的喜爱,有着非常好的市场销售情况。然而,人造板家具在当今世界的广泛使用也导致了另一重大的环境问题--室内污染。大量的人造板家具在室内使用,产生的甲醛释放源大幅度增加,造成室内空气污染。而人造板家具则是引起室内甲醛浓度超标的重要释放源,从而使得人造板家具的甲醛释放量越来越受到人们的关注。本文系统化的分析了影响人造板家具中的甲醛释放量检测结果的各项因素,并对甲醛的收集、甲醛含量的定量操作这两个关键操作步骤进行了详细阐述,从而对人造板的甲醛释放量的检测方法有更深入的了解。     

干燥器法测定甲醛释放量的不确定度评定

依据GB/T 17657-1999《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》中干燥器法测定甲醛释放量,对装饰单板贴面人造板中甲醛释放量的检测过程进行研究,分析了检测过程的不确定度来源,确定了人造板甲醛释放量的测量结果不确定度,提出了干燥器法甲醛释放量检测不确定度的评定方法。     

减少人造板甲醛释放量的方法

介绍了人造板释放甲醛的来源以及甲醛对人体的危害 ,同时介绍了减少人造板甲醛释放量的有效措施     

减少人造板甲醛释放量的方法

介绍了人造板释放甲醛的来源以及甲醛对人体的危害，同时介绍了减少人造板甲醛释放量的有效措施。     

人造板甲醛释放量检测方法探究

因甲醛的危害程度较大,因此针对人造板中甲醛的释放量的检测方法越来越受到社会各界关注。对人造板甲醛释放量的几种国内外常见的检测方法进行研究,如干燥器法、气候箱法、穿孔萃取法,提高检测效率和检测准确性。     

建筑装修材料人造板甲醛释放量研究

实验通过气候箱对不同厂家生产的人造板甲醛释放情况进行了检测,以研究气候箱内甲醛浓度随时间的变化规律。实验结果显示,不同厂家生产的人造板甲醛释放量差异较大。随时间推移,气候箱内甲醛浓度在不断减小,当达到某一时间后,甲醛浓度变化较小,基本保持稳定,此时认为甲醛释放量达到稳定。     

人造板甲醛释放量检测方法的分析

人造板材中甲醛的释放严重影响着人体健康,因此研究板材甲醛释放的检测方法可以减少室内污染、保障人体健康。系统地介绍了人造板甲醛释放量检测的几种常用方法,分析了影响检测结果的主要因素,对规范实验室实验操作、提升检测水平具有指导作用。     

人造板及其制品甲醛释放量限量与室内甲醛污染

本文通过对国家强制性标准GB18581-2001《人造板及其制品甲醛释放量限量》中实木复合地板甲醛释放量的分析,揭示了室内甲醛污染超标的原因,对此强制性标准提出了改进的意见.     

人造板家具甲醛释放量检测干燥器法研究与分析

实验通过干燥器法对不同使用功能的人造板类家具的甲醛释放情况进行了检测,以确定不同种类人造板类家具甲醛释放量之间的关系。干燥器实验结果显示,当人造板家具生产所使用板材相同的情况下,干燥器法检测的数值基本上相同,从而得出结论,干燥器法不能反映不同种类家具甲醛释放状况。同时,实验结果还说明了GB18584-2001《室内装饰装修材料木家具中有害物质限量》还存在很多需要进一步完善和改进的地方。     

干燥器法测定人造板甲醛释放量的不确定度评价

根据GB/T 17657-2013《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》中干燥器法测定甲醛释放量,对人造板中甲醛释放量进行测定,并根据JJF 1059-2012《测量不确定的评定与表示》提出了干燥器法测定甲醛释放量的不确定度的评定方法,对甲醛释放量的不确定度进行分析和评价,确定了干燥器法测定人造板中甲醛释放量的测定结果的不确定度。     

室内环境中细木工板甲醛释放预测模型

采用环境测试舱模拟室内环境,测定其中的细木工板的甲醛释放浓度,考察环境温度和相对湿度对其释放的影响;分析细木工板中甲醛气体扩散机理,并进行实际室内环境中细木工板释放甲醛实验,与模拟室内环境对比;最后运用灰色预测模型和神经网络模型建立灰色神经网络模型,对实际室内环境中细木工板甲醛释放规律进行预测. 结果表明,随环境温度和相对湿度升高,板材释放的甲醛浓度增加,且温度对甲醛释放活跃期影响更显著,低温和低湿度时板材中甲醛释放更易达到稳定;细木工板释放甲醛浓度与室内外温差呈正相关性,热压渗风作用对室内细木工板释放甲醛浓度的变化有重要影响;灰色神经网络模型的预测与实验数据吻合较好,平均绝对误差为-0.0007 mg/m3,相对误差为0.208%~5.981%.     

细木工板结构对甲醛释放规律的影响及其控制

采用HJC-1型环境测试舱模拟室内环境,测量细木工板中甲醛的释放浓度,考察了细木工板结构对甲醛释放的影响,用活性炭、甲醛封闭剂、光触媒和空气触媒控制细木工板中甲醛的释放. 结果表明,细木工板中甲醛释放通道主要为端面,且板材内部结构疏松时甲醛释放剧烈;甲醛封闭剂和活性炭吸附控制细木工板中甲醛浓度的效果理想,平均效率分别为56.05%和52.83%,甲醛浓度在短时间内降到低于Ⅱ类和Ⅰ类民用建筑工程标准.     

细木工板中甲醛释放特征及规律

采用环境测试舱模拟室内环境,测量细木工板中甲醛的释放浓度,考察细木工板结构、温度、相对湿度和空气交换率对甲醛释放的影响,分析细木工板中甲醛气体扩散机理,并建立了灰色预测模型对细木工板中甲醛释放峰值后的过程进行模拟. 结果表明,细木工板中甲醛散发通道主要为端面,端面的甲醛释放量是平面的3倍;细木工板中甲醛气体扩散过程分为3个阶段(初始快速释放、稳定释放和长期缓速释放);空气交换率对细木工板中甲醛释放率影响不大;相对湿度和温度升高,细木工板中甲醛释放率也增大;预测模型的预测数据与实验数据吻合较好,平均相对误差率仅为3.717%,适合进行长期预测.     

使用环境对板式家具甲醛释放量的影响

模拟板式家具的室内使用环境,研究不同的使用环境(温度、相对湿度、通风条件)对板式家具甲醛释放量的影响。研究发现,在高温高湿的使用环境下,板式家具的甲醛释放加剧,可以使家具提前进入甲醛释放稳定期,降低使用过程中板式家具的甲醛释放量;室内使用环境的通风条件越好,越有利于家具中甲醛的释放,降低室内环境甲醛的浓度。     

低甲醛含量脲醛树脂粘合剂的合成方法研究

提出了降低脲醛树脂(UF)粘合剂中游离甲醛含量的措施以及改性的方法,摸索出了实用且简单可行的合成方法。根据此合成方法生产的产品具有黏度适宜、反应易控制、甲醛含量低、成本低等优点。树脂的甲醛含量达到国家室内板用粘合剂游离甲醛含量标准。     

Influence of VOC and formaldehyde emission from tile adhesives on their indoor concentrations in buildings

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) and formaldehyde emitted from building materials are considered to be one of the main causes of indoor air pollution in buildings. To reduce indoor pollutant concentrations, new installation methods for wall papers and flooring materials have been widely introduced to the construction field, including a nonadhesive floating method. However, adhesives are still widely used to install wall tiles or floor tiles on areas such as kitchens, bathrooms, and showers. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of tile adhesive emissions on indoor air quality. The VOC and formaldehyde emission rates from two different types of tile adhesives, a conventional adhesive and a low-VOC emission adhesive, were measured using small emission test chambers. Full scale experiments were also carried out in three identical test rooms in a building. One wall of each room was finished with wallpaper in Test Room 1 and with tiles in Test Rooms 2 and 3. The other walls and ceilings were finished with wall papers in all test rooms. Wall tiles of Test Room 2 were installed with the conventional adhesive, while those of Test Room 3 were installed with the low-VOC emission adhesive. The indoor VOC concentrations in Test Room 2 were significantly higher than those in Test Room 3 due to a significantly higher VOC emission from the conventional tile adhesive. Even though the adhesives were applied under the finishing materials, investigation revealed that the adhesives were the most dominant contributor of indoor VOC concentration.     

HCHO释放量检测方法和限量值测定综述

HCHO的安全问题已经被社会新闻等的广泛关注,HCHO现已被证实对人类健康十分不利。室内装修材料是日常生活接触HCHO的唯一来源,HCHO残余量是否会对人体产生潜移默化的影响仍存有疑问。国家标准中HCHO释放量检测方法及标准限量一直是存在着争议,通过对不同方法的HCHO分析测试方法汇总,对HCHO的室内检测方法进行对比说明,并且以壁纸为例,通过实验提出新的标准限量值,以供以后标准修制订参考。     

Evaluation of VOC emission and sorption characteristics of low-VOC adhesive-bonded building materials

To reduce the risk of indoor air pollution caused by synthetic building materials, low-volitile organic compounds (VOC) building materials, including adhesives, are commonly used in building construction. Although adhesives do not directly contact indoor air, they affect VOC mass transfer at the surface of finishing materials by diffusion. This study investigates VOC emission and sorption behaviors of building materials with low-VOC adhesives. Small chamber emission and sorption experiments were designed in parallel to field measurements to examine the onsite VOC emission and sorption rates of adhesive-bonded building materials. It was found that the onsite emission rates from a wallpaper composite (polyvinyl chloride wallpaper?+?paper adhesive?+?gypsum board) were higher than the emission rates detected in the small-scale chamber, which demonstrates the possible sorption effect of the wallpaper composite. The results of the sorption chamber experiment confirm that the wallpaper is a sorptive building material and that the bonding of wallpaper to gypsum board increases the sorption and re-emission rates. These results indicate that even though low-VOC adhesive-bonded materials are used, additional indoor air quality control techniques should be applied to minimize re-emission by sorption processes over long periods of time.     

Urea impregnated multiwalled carbon nanotubes; a formaldehyde scavenger for urea formaldehyde adhesives and medium density fiberboards bonded with them

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were subjected to modification by urea to use as formaldehyde scavenger in urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive and reducing the free formaldehyde emission of the medium density fiberboards (MDFs). Morphological differences besides elemental analysis was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effect of urea impregnated MWCNTs filler on the physical, morphological and thermal properties of the UF resin has investigated. Furthermore, characterization of the mechanical properties, free formaldehyde emission and thickness swelling were carried out for the MDF panels. From the results, the free formaldehyde of the UF resins was significantly decreased. The lowest free formaldehyde was belonged to the sample with 3 wt% of scavenger which was about 71% lower than the value for neat UF resin. Accordingly, the formaldehyde emission of the fiberboards was also showed a descending trend by incorporation of MWCNTs-U to the composite structure. It was decreased from 9.67 to 3.89 mg/100 g dried board. These results indicated that the prepared nano modifier was successfully performed as a formaldehyde scavenger for the UF resin and could prevent the hazards of the free formaldehyde emission from MDF panels.