中空纤维膜萃取苯酚的传质及流动特性

以体积分数为30％的磷酸三丁酯＋煤油－水为实验体系，研究了中、高装填密度的中空纤维膜萃取处理苯酚衡溶液的传质效果和传质特性以及膜器壳程流动状况。实验结果表明，中空纤维膜萃取可以高效去除水中的苯酚，萃取率最高可达到99．9％。比较了总传质系数的实验值与多个传质系数关联式的预测值之间的偏差，发现从中、高装填密度膜器得到的传质关联式偏差较小，而从低装填密度膜器得到的传质关联式偏差较大。通过测量膜器壳程流动的停留时间分布曲线，证实了偏差是由于中、高装填密度的膜器壳程流动的复杂性造成的。     

膜萃取去除水中对氨基苯磺酸的研究

以特定混合物 (2 0 %TOA 30 %辛醇 50 %煤油 ) -对氨基苯磺酸 -水为实验体系 ,应用中空纤维膜萃取技术处理含对氨基苯磺酸的水溶液。研究了两相流速、溶液pH、初始浓度对传质性能的影响。结果表明 ,传质由水相侧阻力控制 ,在相比(有机相 /水相 )较小的情况下 ,可使初始质量浓度为 1 0 0 0mg/L的溶液降至 30mg/L ,证明了中空纤维萃取去除水中对氨基苯磺酸的高效性。     

溶胀对中空纤维膜萃取器中的流动和传质性能的影响

溶胀是中空纤维膜萃取工业化必须要解决的关键问题之一。本文通过拍摄电镜照片，观察了溶胀前后中空纤维膜表面形态，孔隙率，膜孔径，膜孔道弯曲状况等微观结构的变化。结果表明，溶胀会使中空纤维膜孔隙率减小，膜孔径变小，弯曲因子增大，通过测量发现，溶胀后膜长度增加，而膜的内外径，膜厚基本不变。本文还研究了溶胀时间对中空纤维膜器中的流动及传质效果的影响，通过测量聚丙烯和聚砜中空纤维膜器管程和壳程的停留时间分布曲线表明，对于装填密度较高的膜器，溶胀时间对壳程和管程中的流动状况的影响可以忽略。此外，本文以正辛醇－苯胺－水为实验体系，在中空纤维膜器中进行了循环逆流传质实验。实验证明，由于溶胀使纤维膜阻增加，膜器的传质性能随时间的增加而下降。     

中空纤维PVA/PAN复合膜填料的乙醇水溶液精馏性能

以乙醇/水溶液为分离对象,中空纤维PVA/PAN复合膜作为精馏填料,考察了不同膜组件的传质分离效率。实验结果表明:各种组件的分离效率均随塔釜加热功率的增加而减小;和大多数中空纤维膜接触器一样,其总传质系数Ky随中空纤维膜组件填充密度φ的增加而减少;相比于传统精馏填料而言,用中空纤维膜做精馏填料分离乙醇水溶液的分离效果更好,可以在常规填料不能操作的液泛线以上进行操作。当塔釜加热功率为120 W,45根中空纤维膜封装在内径为1.6 cm玻璃管中的传质单元高度(HTU)为5.64 cm。     

中空纤维更新液膜技术处理模拟含铜电镀废水

以10%(体积分数)LIX984N/煤油为液膜相,2 mol/L硫酸溶液为反萃相,研究了中空纤维更新液膜(HFRLM)技术对模拟电镀废水中二价铜离子的去除及浓缩效果,并讨论了停留时间对二价铜离子去除率的影响.结果表明,中空纤维更新液膜技术可同时实现废水中二价铜离子的分离与富集.经7级处理后,废水中二价铜离子的含量低于1.0 mg/L,二价铜离子的去除率为99.0%,达到国家排放标准;富集液中二价铜离子的浓度达1700 mg/L,富集因子为25.中空纤维更新液膜技术在含铜废水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

轴向扩散对中空纤维膜萃取器传质性能的影响

通过测量聚丙烯中空纤维膜萃取器壳程和管程流动的RTD曲线 ,证实了中空纤维膜器管程与壳程流动均较为复杂 ,与理想平推流和理想全混釜相差较大。膜器管程流动的轴向返混程度随着流速增加而减小 ,而膜器壳程流动的轴向返混程度随着流速的增加而增大。将两相流轴向扩散模型用于描述传质情况 ,比较了表观传质系数和真实传质系数 ,计算了中空纤维膜萃取器中真实的浓度剖面。结果表明 ,中空纤维膜萃取器轴向扩散导致表观传质系数比真实传质系数下降 30 %左右 ,所以在进行膜器设计和放大时 ,中空纤维膜器的轴向扩散不可忽略。     

膜萃取过程的传质特性研究

膜萃取是一种新型的分离技术。本文在中空纤维膜器中研究了膜萃取过程的传质特性。通过四种不同体系的实验,求取了基于水相的总传质系数,提出了求算膜萃取过程中各分传质系数k_(?)、k_(?)、k_(?)的半经验关联式。研究表明,减小膜阻可以强化膜萃取过程,提高过程的总传质系数.比较和分析膜萃取过程中各部分传质阻力,可以看出,对于萃取相平衡常数m1的体系应选用疏水膜器,对于m1体系则应选用亲水膜器。     

中空纤维膜组件分离酸性气体

研究了气体膜分离与溶剂吸收相结合的分离技术.以NaOH水溶液为吸收剂,在中空纤维膜组件中实现二氧化硫气体的选择性吸收.研究了在三种不同结构的疏水性聚丙烯中空纤维膜组件中,吸收剂浓度、液速、气速、气液两相在膜组件内的流程、膜结构等对分离过程的影响;根据膜结构的实际参数确定了多孔膜的曲率因子,总传质系数的计算值与实验值相符.     

螺旋状中空纤维膜萃取传质特性

在对中空纤维膜萃取以及螺旋管技术进行充分调研的基础上 ,选择水 -苯酚 - 30 %TBP煤油为实验体系 ,溶质由水相萃取到有机相 ,在不同结构的单束螺旋状中空纤维膜器中研究了螺旋管纤维膜管内外流速以及螺旋管结构等因素对传质系数的影响 .实验结果表明 ,螺旋管中空纤维膜可以有效地提高中空纤维膜的传质特性 .随着管内流速的增加 ,传质系数将有很大提高 ,而管外流速对于传质系数的影响则较小 .至于螺旋结构的影响为 :随着螺旋内径的减小或者是螺旋螺距的减小 ,总传质系数相应地有很大提高 .最后得到了在本实验条件下计算总传质系数K的关联式     

疏水性聚丙烯中空纤维膜中n-甲酰吗啉膜吸收含苯废气过程模拟

以疏水性聚丙烯中空纤维膜为气液膜接触器,n-甲酰吗啉水溶液为吸收剂,研究了膜气体吸收工艺分离C6H6/N2的传质过程. 在非润湿条件下,建立了膜气体吸收C6H6传质微分模型,模拟了C6H6在疏水性聚丙烯中空纤维膜管程及膜孔内的传质过程,并对C6H6的吸收速率进行预测. 结果表明,在实验条件下,膜气体吸收C6H6的速率为(0.89~6.13)′10-2 mg/(m2×s),微分模型对吸收速率预测的平均误差为1.9%,能准确描述中空纤维膜吸收C6H6的过程.     

Extraction of a dissolved organic contaminant from water into an aqueous surfactant solution across a microporous membrane

A novel extraction process, aqueous micellar solvent extraction (AMSE), was demonstrated. In ASME an solute is extracted from a wastewater across a microporous membrane into an aqueous surfactant solution containing micelles that solubilize the solute. The membrane retains the surfactant micelles in the aqueous micellar solvent. ASME was carried out in hollow fiber ultrafiltration modules with benzoic acid as the solute and a fatty amine ethoxylate surfactant. Flowing the micellar solvent through the fibers and the wastewater outside gave good extraction and low contamination of the treated water by surfactant. The major resistance to extraction of solute was diffusion across the wall of the hollow fiber.     

Recovery of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Hollow Fiber Supported Emulsion Liquid Membrane

Recovery of copper ions from wastewater using a hollow fiber supported emulsion liquid membrane (HFSELM) was studied with LIX984N as carrier, kerosene as diluents, and sulfuric acid solution as strippi...     

MBR工艺深度处理印刷电路板废水的研究

分别采用陶瓷膜和超滤膜生物反应器对某印刷电路板(PCB)厂现有废水处理厂出水进行深度处理研究。结果表明:在进水COD 191.2?270.4 mg/L,氨氮30?50 mg/L,MLSS 6 500 mg/L,DO 4?8 mg/L,反应时间为5 h的条件下,两种膜生物反应器出水COD和氨氮的浓度分别低于99.2 mg/L和0.759 mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级排放标准。     

气态膜在烧结脱硫脱硝制酸废水处理中的应用

以某钢铁厂烧结工序脱硫脱硝制酸产生的高NH4+-N含量废水为处理对象,采用疏水性的聚丙烯(PP)中空纤维气态膜进行了废水中NH₄⁺-N的脱除和回收工业化应用实验。结果表明,通过良好设计和过程控制,出水NH₄⁺-N的质量浓度均低于15 mg/L,最低为1.2 mg/L,满足GB 13456-2012排放限值要求,且运行稳定。副产的硫酸铵品质稳定,质量分数在10%~18%。     

膜生物反应器工艺处理炼油废水中试研究

采用中空纤维膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺处理炼油废水,了解膜生物反应器在炼油废水处理中的性能.研究结果表明,采用膜生物反应器工艺可有效地处理炼油废水,COD、氨氮和油去除率分别为91.5%、96.7%、84.7%,MBR出水COD为64 mg/L,氨氮为1.85 mg/L,油含量<3.0 mg/L,出水水质达到国家一级排放标准.     

Development of the wastewater reclamation and reusing system with a submerged membrane bioreactor combined bio-filtration

Recently there have been many wastewater treatment processes combining different units of process to improve the dissolving and suspension of pollutants in water. The submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) system uses a membrane that can produce high quality water for reusing with minimal land demand, instead of using secondary clarifier as biological treatment, sand filters, ozonation, GAC or disinfection processes as a tertiary treatment. For the development of the bio-filter membrane bioreactor (BMB) system as a submerged membrane bioreactor in this study the new wastewater treatment system will consist of a rapid bio-filter clarifier, a bioreactor and a hollow fiber membrane and plate membrane, to help find the optimal process to meet the regulations for reused water. This study was performed to evaluate the BMB reusing system, made up of a rapid bio-filter clarifier, an activated sludge bioreactor and a membrane module. The rapid bio-filter clarifier replaced a conventional primary sedimentation and removed SS, BOD and COD to 40, 20, and 20%, while the turbidity and color were removed by 30 and 10% respectively. This means that the rapid bio-filter clarifier having an HRT value 5.2 min can replace the conventional primary sedimentation of the HRT value of 1.5–2.5 h. Also the BMB reusing system could achieve the effluent quality of BOD < 5 mg/L, COD < 10 mg/L, turbidity < 0.5 NTU, and color < 20 unit respectively, and total coliforms did not appear. This means this system can meet water quality standard for water reusing systems. The flux of the plate membrane and hollow Fiber membrane were 120–140 L/m² h bar and 60–90 L/m² h bar; much more water could permeate the plate type membrane than hollow fiber type membrane. Plus the total resistance of hollow fiber type membrane was higher than plate type membrane.     

乳状液膜法萃取废水中氰化物的特性

针对氰化废水的特点,以三正辛胺（TOA）为载体、煤油为膜溶剂、液体石蜡为膜助剂、NaOH水溶液为内水相,采用乳状液膜技术处理工业废水中的氰化物。重点考察了表面活性剂用量、流动载体用量、内相液NaOH浓度等因素对氰化物萃取率的影响规律。研究结果表明：当TOA体积分数为2%、表面活性剂Span-80体积分数为3%、液体石蜡体积分数为1%、内水相NaOH质量分数为2%、油内比为1︰1、乳水比为1︰7、萃取时间为15min时,氰化废水中氰化物的萃取率达到95%以上。在实验得出的最优条件下,考察最优条件对初始浓度不同的实际废水的适用范围,分别对初始浓度为322.23mg/L、483.35mg/L、644.46mg/L和966.70mg/L的氰化废水进行处理,可得该体系下处理氰化废水的较佳的浓度范围为300～500mg/L,氰化废水中氰化物的萃取率可达到95%以上。综上所述,乳状液膜法在工业上具有良好的应用前景。     

Application of Vibratory System to Improve the Critical Flux in Submerged Hollow Fiber MF Process

Submerged hollow fiber membrane system is widely used in water and wastewater treatment plants. One of the major problems of the microfiltration/ultrafiltration (MF/UF) process is membrane fouling. Few techniques have been developed to reduce membrane fouling and increase critical flux of the filtration process. In this study, membrane vibration was applied to improve the critical flux in a submerged hollow fiber MF system. A bench scale unit was especially built for this purpose and different vibrating speed was tested. The effect of the feed concentration and vibrating speed on the critical flux measurement were investigated. The critical flux was measured at different vibrating speeds varied from 0–500 oscillation per minute (opm) (5.83 Hz). The lowest critical flux was 15 L·m^?2·h^?1 when no membrane vibration was used and then increased gradually from 27 to 56 L·m^?2·h^?1 when the vibrating speed increased from 100 to 500 opm (8.35 Hz). A sharp drop in the critical flux was noticed when the concentration of feed suspension doubled from 5 g/L to 10 g/L. However, the increase in the critical flux was insignificant at higher feed concentration even when a high membrane vibrating speed was applied. This signifies that there is a limit for flux improvement in a vibratory system which is strongly dependent on the feed concentration.     

膜分散萃取法处理含酚废水的实验研究

采用膜分散方法研究了含酚废水的萃取特性,以水/苯酚/(磷酸三丁酯+煤油)为实验体系,以不锈钢纤维烧结膜为分散介质,在自制的萃取器中研究了有机相流量、无机相流量、V(有机相)∶V(无机相)(相比)、苯酚质量浓度和停留时间对萃取率的影响,找出适宜的操作条件。实验结果表明,采用10μm的不锈钢烧结膜,在有机相流量为1 500 mL/m in、相比1∶1、苯酚质量浓度在1 000～4 000 mg/L、停留时间为0.8 s的情况下,萃取率可以达到80%左右。