泡沫镍负载TiO2和TiO2/3Al2O3·2SiO2薄膜的光催化性能

以泡沫镍为载体,3Al2O3·2SiO2作为过渡中间层,用溶胶-凝胶法在泡沫镍上负载锐钛矿相的TiO2薄膜,制成泡沫金属基的TiO2和TiO2/3Al2O2·2SiO2光催化材料,利用TG-DSC、XRD和FE-SEM等测试手段对其进行表征,用乙醛气体的光催化降解测试其光催化活性.研究表明泡沫镍负载的TiO2和TiO2/3Al2O3·2SiO2薄膜均具有良好的光催化活性,其中,由于负载的3Al2O3·2SiO2过渡中间层增大了载体的比表面积,使负载光催化剂的活性位大大增加,因此,TiO2/3Al2O3·2SiO2薄膜的光催化活性较单一的TiO2薄膜有非常显著的提高.     

纤维掺杂疏水SiO2气凝胶的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶方法成功制备了陶瓷纤维掺杂的疏水SiO2气凝胶.陶瓷纤维在SiO2气凝胶中起骨架支撑的作用来提高气凝胶的机械性能.SiO2气凝胶的机械强度从没有掺杂纤维的1.6×104Pa提高到掺杂10%纤维的9.6X 104Pa,且掺杂10%纤维的SiO2气凝胶常温常压的热导率仅为0.029 W/(m·K).掺杂SiO2气凝胶的疏水性通过表面修饰也得到了极大的提高.     

低介电常数纳米多孔二氧化硅薄膜的制备

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法、旋转涂胶和超临界干燥工艺在硅片上制备了纳米多孔SiO2薄膜.用近线性生长模型和分形生长模型研究了SiO2溶胶的粘度-时间曲线,确定了SiO2溶胶的结构演变过程.适合旋转涂胶的SiO2溶胶的粘度为9 mPa·s～15 mPa·s;旋转涂胶时SiO2溶胶的粒子尺寸与其浓度密切相关.该SiO2薄膜具有三维网络结构,表面均匀平整,SiO2微粒直径为10nm～20 nm.SiO2薄膜的厚度为400nm～1 000nm;折射率为1.09～1.24;介电常数为1.5～2.5.     

稻壳灰制备掺杂TiO2硅气凝胶研究

以稻壳为硅源制备SiO2气凝胶，在溶胶凝胶过程中加入TiO2纳米粉末，可制得掺杂TiO2硅气凝胶。通过SEM、BET吸附．脱附测试等手段，与同种方法制得的纯SiO2气凝胶在结构和物性特征方面等进行了比较。结果显示，掺杂TiO2气凝胶的平均颗粒直径为50nm左右，而纯SiO2气凝胶的粒径约为20nm，且孔洞直径明显减小、孔径分布更为均匀；此外，TiO2纳米粉末的加入可以使气凝胶的弹性模量提高约23％，并且通过TiO2对气凝胶溶胶-凝胶过程的影响研究了其影响机理。     

小角X光散射法测定疏水二氧化硅气凝胶疏水层厚度

采用小角X光散射(SAXS)研究了疏水SiO2气凝胶X光散射特性.运用Porod方法、Shull-Roess平均粒径法研究了气凝胶疏水层厚度.计算结果表明气凝胶疏水层厚度在0.2～0.3mm之间,说明气凝胶的疏水层仅仅是由一层改性剂分子所组成,其凝胶骨架颗粒表面被疏水的甲基基团所覆盖.     

Pt/SiO2催化硝酸肼还原六价铀制备四价铀

以大孔二氧化硅为载体,采用浸渍法负载铂制备了3％Pt/SiO2催化剂,用于硝酸肼催化还原硝酸铀(Ⅵ)酰制备四价铀(U(Ⅳ)),考察了催化剂用量、硝酸浓度、硝酸肼浓度和反应温度对催化还原铀(Ⅵ)反应的影响.表征结果显示,催化剂中铂主要以1～3 nm的纳米粒子形态堆积在多孔SiO2载体表面;优化的催化反应条件为:反应液为1...     

负载胺基氧化硅气凝胶的制备及其CO_2吸附性能研究（英文）

为了提高氧化硅气凝胶对低分压CO_2的吸附性能,以正硅酸乙酯和氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为先驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶过程制备了比表面积较大、表面胺基丰富的负载胺基氧化硅气凝胶。负载胺基氧化硅气凝胶对低分压CO_2的吸附量随着氮含量的增加而增大。在25℃时,对CO_2含量为0.5%(总压为100kPa)、相对湿度为60%的气体的CO_2吸附量可达1.85mmol/g。由于胺基通过化学键与氧化硅气凝胶骨架相连,同第2个循环相比,负载胺基氧化硅气凝胶第10个循环的吸附量没有出现下降,这说明负载胺基氧化硅气凝胶具有良好的长期使用性能。     

Ni纳米线阵列的阳极氧化铝模板法制备及表征

利用交流电沉积法,在减薄阻挡层的阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板上制备了金属Ni纳米线有序阵列。通过AFM、SEM、TEM、EDS、XRD和XPS等对纳米线进行了多方面的表征,结果表明:Ni纳米线的直径为65~75 nm,与AAO模板的孔径基本接近,纳米线呈实心线,具有多晶结构,其表面被氧化成NiO,但纳米线内部仍为Ni单质态;交流电沉积过程中,纳米线的生长经历了刚好生长至模板表面和纳米线超出模板表面以致连成一片而覆盖整个模板的两种状态。     

介孔SiO2负载和包覆的纳米金属颗粒的制备与研究

制备了以SiO2为核、介孔SiO2为壳的核一壳颗粒负载纳米金属颗粒以及介孔SiO2壳层包覆SiO2负载的纳米金属颗粒。结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（CTAB）作为模板剂,有助于介孔SiO2壳层包覆SiO2核的结构形成,介孔SiO2壳层的孔径方向垂直于SiO2核的表面;在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）的稳定作用下,Pt纳米颗粒能均匀地分布在介孔SiO2壳层的表面。单分散SiO2颗粒经过3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APS）功能化后,可负载纳米金属颗粒。进一步研究表明,以SiO2负载纳米金属颗粒为核,NH3·H2O,乙醇和水为分散剂,CTAB为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,还能制备介孔SiO2壳包覆SiO2负载的纳米金属颗粒,而且介孔SiO：壳层的厚度可通过TEOS的含量调节。     

碳纤维表面改性对Cf/Mg复合材料微观组织和界面的影响

研究在碳纤维表面分别用化学法镀Ni和溶胶-凝胶法涂SiO2两种涂层,用真空压力浸渗法制备Cf/Mg复合材料.用SEM、EDS和TEM对Cf/Mg复合材料微观组织和界面特征进行分析.结果表明:无涂层的碳纤维与Mg基体浸润性较差,碳纤维在Cf/Mg复合材料微观组织巾分布不均匀,界面结合强度较弱.碳纤维表面包覆Ni或SiO2涂层改善了碳纤维与Mg基体的润湿性;包覆Ni涂层的碳纤维在Mg基体中分布均匀,并在其界面处生成金属间化合物Mg2Ni,界面为强结合;碳纤维表面的SiO2涂层与Mg进行少量的反应生成MgO和Si,界面结合好.能很好地传递载荷.     

Electrochemical preparation of silicon nanowires from porous Ni/SiO_2 blocks in molten CaCl_2

Silicon nanowires(SiNWs)with diameter distributions ranging from 80 to 350 nm were prepared by electrochemical reduction of Ni/SiO_2 in molten CaCl_2.The effect of the content of nickel additives on the morphology of produced silicon was investigated.Large quantities of SiNWs are obtained by the electrochemical reduction of Ni/SiO_2 blocks with SiO_2 to Ni molar ratio of 20 and 10.Nickel additives repress the growth of irregular branches and promote longitudinal growth of SiNWs.Wire morphologies and surfaces are influenced by the electrolysis temperature.SiNWs become thicker with the increase of the electrolysis temperature.The optimum temperature to prepare single crystal SiNWs with high aspect ratio and extraordinary surface quality seems to be 1173 K.The amorphous layer of the silicon nanowire is thinner compared to the SiNW_s obtained from the pure SiO_2 pellets.The produced SiNWs show a photoluminescence emission peak at about 758 nm at room temperature.This work demonstrates the potentiality for the electrochemical reduction process to obtain large quantities of SiNWs with high quality.     

Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix using electrodeposition

Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix(Ni nanowire/Ni composite films)were fabricated by electrodeposition combined with supersonic stirring in a conventional Watts'bath containing Ni nanowires with diameter about 30 nm.The deposition temperature-dependent microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion behavior of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction and potentiodynamic polarization tests,respectively.And the possible mechanism was discussed.It is found that to some extent,the deposition temperature has an impact on the microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion property of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films.The Ni nanowire/Ni composite films prepared at 50℃exhibit a novel inter-twisted-nanowire microstructure and have the best corrosion resistance.     

废镍催化剂回收制备纤维状氢氧化镍

研究从废旧镍催化剂中回收镍以制备氢氧化镍。采用酸浸法,在90℃下用1mol／L硫酸浸没废镍催化剂,从中提取镍。向净化后的含镍溶液中加入NaOH,分别采用3种不同的方法,即尿素水解、传统方法和水热方法制得3种不同的氢氧化镍,分别命名为Ni（OH）2-U,Ni（OH）2-C和Ni（OH）2-H。与传统方法相比,采用水热方法制得的氢氧化镍具有更好的结晶度。Ni（OH）2-C和Ni（OH）2·H都含有β-Ni（OH）2与a-Ni（OH）2·0．75H20的混合相,而Ni（OH）2．U只含有a-Ni（OH）2．0．75H20相。TEM观察显示Ni（OH）2-U样品具有棒状结构。在这3种样品中,Ni（OH）2-U表现出最好的电化学活性。     

Electrocatalytic performance of Pd–Ni nanowire arrays electrode for methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media

A successful approach to prepare the Pd–Ni nanowire arrays electrode without carbon supports was reported. The morphology and crystallinity of nanowire were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction(SAED), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analyses, respectively. The results show that the diameters of the nanowire are in the range of 65–75 nm, and the polycrystalline binary solid solution alloy is formed in the Pd–Ni nanowire. Cyclic voltammograms, chronoamperograms, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrate that the Pd–Ni nanowire arrays electrodes show excellent electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation in alkaline media. The catalytic activity of Pd–Ni nanowire arrays electrode is *1.39 times higher than that of the Pd nanowire arrays electrode and *2.28 times higher than that of the commercial Pd/C catalyst. This is mostly owing to the transfer of electron density from Ni to Pd. These results indicate that Pd–Ni nanowire arrays electrode is very promising in an alkaline direct methanol fuel cell.     

Preparation of fine nickel powders via reduction of nickel hydrazine complex precursors

Fine nickel(Ni) powders with controllable particle sizes were synthesized via the reduction of nickel hydrazine complex precursors of pure [Ni(N2H4)2]Cl2 and a mixture of [Ni(N2H4)2]Cl2 and [Ni(N2H4)3]Cl2 in aqueous solution. The mechanism of the formation of metallic Ni powders experiences the reduction of nickel hydroxide by hydrazine released from the ligand exchange reaction between nickel hydrazine complex and NaOH. In comparison with the method of preparing Ni powders from nickel salts, the method of making Ni powders via the reduction of nickel hydrazine complex precursors shows the advantages of using half dosage of hydrazine for complete reduction of nickel ions in solution, and the obtained Ni particles show less agglomeration and better dispersibility. Moreover, the average particle size of nickel powders can be controlled from 180 to 260 nm by adjusting the reaction molar ratio and concentration.     

Study on Preparation Technology of Nickel Powder with Liquid Phase Reduction Method

采用液相还原法,以水合肼为还原剂,硫酸镍为原料,氢氧化钠为pH值调节剂,在不添加分散剂的情况下制备超细镍粉,并探究了体系反应温度、pH值、Ni2+离子浓度、N2H4·H2O/Ni2+摩尔比工艺参数对制备镍粉的平均粒径、形貌及分散性的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XED)、能谱分析、激光粒度分析等测试手段表征粉体的性质。得出了实验的较佳工艺参数:反应温度80℃、pH值为11、Ni2+离子浓度为0.5 mol/L,[N2H4·H2O]:[Ni2+]适宜范围为2~4,制得镍粉的平均粒径为400 nm。     

硫化镍试金扣成分探讨

实验对比了熔剂中硫和镍的质量(mS和mNiO)变化对镍扣质量(mbutton)的影响,结果表明:mbutton主要受mNiO的控制,mS的变化对其影响则较小.采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了6个不同mS、mNiO的熔剂所制备镍扣的矿物成分,结果显示:镍扣矿物成分单一,以Ni3S2为主,含少量NixS6,不含NiS、Ni3S4和NiS2等矿物.改变所加入的mS和mNiO,镍扣的矿物组成并不改变,仅是Ni3S2和NixS6相对含量发生变化.     

Effect of nanocrystalline grain size on the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of nickel

Nanocrystalline nickel of different grain sizes (8–28 nm) was produced by electrodeposition using Watt's bath. Saccharine addition to the bath and pulsed current deposition were effective in lowering the grain size of the deposits. The grain size and microstrain of deposits was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The microhardness of nanocrystalline Ni ranged between 572 and 724 kg/mm². The electrochemical behavior of nanocrystalline Ni was evaluated in 1 mol/l H₂SO₄ and compared with that of coarse-grained nickel. All the nickel samples exhibited active–passive potentiodynamic polarization behavior. The zero current potential, passive current density and breakdown potential generally increased with decrease in grain size. The increased passive current density for nanocrystalline nickel confirmed the defective nature of passive film that forms on nanocrystalline nickel. The tendency for localized corrosion was lower in case of nanocrystalline nickel as indicated by increased breakdown potential. Tafel and linear polarization tests revealed that the corrosion rate of freshly exposed surfaces of Ni decreased with grain size, thereby indicating greater hindrance to anodic dissolution in nanocrystalline Ni. The magnitude of compressive microstrain in the Ni deposits increased with decrease in grain size.     

Synthesis and properties of electrodeposited Ni/ceria nanocomposite coatings

Composite plating is a method of co-depositing fine particles of metallic or non-metallic compounds or polymers in the plated layer to improve material properties such as lubrication, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In the present study, Ni was chosen as the matrix material and ceria nanoparticles were chosen as the distributed phase. Nanocrystalline ceria powder was synthesized by the solution combustion process and characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanosize ceria particles were co-deposited with nickel from a nickel sulfamate bath using conventional electrodeposition method. The electrodeposition was carried out at current densities of 0.23, 0.77, 1.55, 3.1 and 5.4 A/dm². The microhardness of the Ni matrix was enhanced by the incorporation of ceria particles. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and SEM were used to characterize the corrosion behaviour of Ni and Ni/CeO₂ coatings. These studies showed improved corrosion resistance for Ni/CeO₂ when compared to Ni. The microhardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of Ni and Ni/CeO₂ were compared.     

纯镍渗硼硅处理工艺及组织性能研究

采用粒状渗剂分别在渗硼硅温度为850、900、950℃,保温时间为2、8 h的工艺参数下对纯镍表面进行固体渗硼硅处理。用光学显微镜(OM)对渗层横断面进行了显微组织观察,用显微硬度计测试渗层的硬度分布,用M200型磨损试验机研究未渗硼硅和渗硼硅纯镍的耐磨性,采用循环氧化试验研究未渗硼硅和渗硼硅纯镍的抗高温氧化性。结果表明,纯镍渗硼硅后,渗层为硅化物层和硼化物层,且硅化物和硼化物的显微硬度都大于基体硬度,渗层厚度随着渗硼硅时间和温度的增加而增加,其范围约为36~237?m,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析出渗层为硼化物层(Ni2B)和硅化物层(Ni3Si、Ni5Si2和Ni2Si)。磨损试验结果表明渗硼硅后试样的耐磨性得到提高。抗高温氧化试验结果显示未渗硼硅纯镍试样抗高温氧化性优于渗硼硅后纯镍试样。