基于Profibus-DP的断路器多参数测控系统设计

本文针对Profibus-DP现场总线和智能低压断路器控制器技术要求，给出了一种基于Profibus-DP现场总线的智能断路器多参数测控系统设计方案，阐述了信号采集电路、温度检测与实时时钟电路、Profibus-DP总线接口模块硬件和软件的设计方法，以及多参数测控软件的算法和设计。     

一种简单高效的现场总线的设计与实现

提出了一种简单、高效的现场总线的设计方法,网络节点设计没有采用常规思路,而是由MCU直接控制总线接口,通过软件通信协议定义与硬件电路特点相结合来实现,从而在保证通信的高效性及可靠性的基础上使得MCU的负担最小.分析了总线接口芯片选择原则和总线冲突解决方案,给出了系统实现的硬件接口电路和软件实现详细框图.     

Profibus-DP在毫伏信号测量智能节点中的应用

介绍了Profibus-DP现场总线的最新发展,并使用Siemens的DP协议芯片SPC3进行了DP总线硬件接口电路的设计,着重介绍了带有DP总线接口的毫伏信号测量智能节点的硬件组成、测量原理及主要程序的流程图。     

基于现场总线的万能式断路器通信从站设计

针对Profibus-DP现场总线和万能式断路器控制器技术要求,给出了一种基于Profibus-DP现场总线的断路器智能通信从站设计方案。阐述了信号采集电路、温度检测与实时时钟电路、Profibus-DP总线通信接口模块和万能式断路器控制器用户模块之间通信转换的硬件和软件的设计方法以及Profibus-DP总线通信的主要技术指标。对Profibus这种接口模块的物理层、数据链路层及具体的硬件连接和软件设计都作了较详细的阐述,为以后实现模块组态、设备互连以及设备管理等功能的现场总线系统铺平了道路。     

模糊控制在现场总线控制系统中的应用

介绍了如何把模糊控制算法与现场总线中的CAN总线结合起来应用于控制系统 ,并设计了一种智能型模糊控制算法 ,给出了系统的整体结构和现场模糊控制单元的硬件实现电路及其软件设计思路 ;系统的仿真结果表明 ,该系统实时性好 ,控制精度较高 ,鲁棒性强 ,在现场控制中有效可行     

多种标准信号采集板

介绍一种接口电路,可采集符合现场总线标准的直流电信号。因此,对标准信号设计采休电路具有普遍意义。文中对采集板的硬件设计和软件进行了较详细介绍。     

基于Profibus-DP现场总线的计量泵群控系统

Profibus-DP现场总线是分布式系统减少I/O连接和布线数量的理想解决方案,针对现场总线的应用和发展现状,采用协议芯片SPC3与MC9S12C微控制器,设计了基于Profibus-DP的计量泵群控系统。主要介绍了Profibus-DP硬件接口电路硬件设计以及软件实现SPC3与微处理器MC9S12C的通信及其数据交换。最终利用Profibus-DP总线实现了计量泵分布式控制的目的,为工业现场设备级组网提供了合理的依据,并促进了Profibus-DP现场总线的推广应用。     

PC104系统LON总线接口的设计

LON总线是一种应用日益广泛的现场总线。为了使工业计算机系统方便地接入LON网络，文章介绍了采用双口RAM作为数据通信桥梁的PC104系统LON总线接口电路的设计，并给出了详细的硬件电路和软件设计流程。     

基于现场总线的变电站监测监控的设计与实现

介绍了现场总线系统的技术特点;并结合工程实例介绍了现场总线监测监控系统中关键硬件的设计原理以及运行于工控机上的应用软件的设计方法;最后介绍了基于现场总线的变电站电量监测监控系统的应用前景。     

模糊控制在现场总线控制系统中的应用

介绍了如何把模糊控制算法与现场总线中的CAN总线结合起来应用于控制系统,并设计了一种智能型模糊控制算法,给出了系统的整体结构手现场模糊控制单元的硬件实现电路及其软件设计思路;系统的仿真结果表明,该系统实时性好,控制精度较高,鲁棒性强,在现场控制中有效可行。     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

An approach to the synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems with a priori unknown model of an object

A method of synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems for a broad class of dynamic objects under the assumption that the mathematical model of the object is not known a priori is proposed. The control is formulated in the form of a proportional law of adjustment as a function of a macro-variable; the square of the Euclidean norm of the phase variables is adopted as the macro-variable. An analogous variable characterizes the distance of the object from the equilibrium position. Despite the simplicity of the control law, its sign remains constant due to the fact that the macro-variable is positive-definite over the entire phase space. The switching times of the signals are determined by fuzzy identification of the system’s dynamic modes on the basis of measurement of the derivatives of the macro-variable.     

Remote sensing of spring phenology in boreal regions: A free of snow-effect method using NOAA-AVHRR and SPOT-VGT data (1982-2004)

Measurements of spring phenological dates in boreal regions using NDVI can be affected by snowmelt. This impacts the analysis of interannual variations in phenology and the estimates of annual carbon fluxes. For these two objectives, snowmelt effect must be removed from the phenological detection. We propose a methodology for determining the date of onset of greening in the 1982-2004 period using SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. From 1998 onwards, the date of onset of greening is taken as the date at which the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), calculated from SPOT-VGT near and short-wave infrared bands, starts increasing. This index decreases with snowmelt but increases with vegetation greening. For the 1982-2001 period, the date of onset of greening is the date at which AVHRR-NDVI equals a pixel specific threshold (PST), determined using the results of the NDWI method in the years common to the two datasets. The methods are validated using in situ measurements of the dates of leaf appearance. RMSE of 6.7 and 7.8 days, respectively, is found using NDWI-VGT and PST-NOAA methodologies, and the difference between the two methodologies in the common years is small. Very importantly, the dates are not biased. The interannual variations of the 23-year spring phenology dataset on the study area in northern Eurasia are analysed. In average over the study area, an advance of 8 days and a delay of 3.6 days are, respectively, found over the periods 1982-1991 and 1993-2004. These results confirm and complete previous studies about the greening trend, remove the uncertainty due to snow, and may improve carbon budget calculations.     

3 Laser transmission joining in microtechnology

The laser is a joining tool which is particularly suitable for the application in microtechnology. The process variant laser transmission joining can be used both for welding thermoplastics and bonding of silicon and glass. The investigations presented in this paper cover detailed examinations of both processes. Concerning laser transmission welding of plastics it is examined how far the content of carbon black in the material influences the formation of the weld seam. It is shown that the optical depth of penetration, the weld seam width as well as the formation of the weld morphology differ with varying content of carbon black. Selective laser radiation bonding (SLB) is a novel method for joining silicon and glass based on the transmission heating of the interface of both joining partners and the thermo-chemical principles of silicon direct bonding. SLB shows advantages in reference to the thermal load of sensitive components like sensors and to the selectivity of the joining geometry. In this study the principle method of SLB and the latest advances like the integration of the thermal process control in the laser processing head will be presented. Also experimental test results of the process with constant laser power and thermal process control and the comparison of them will be shown.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Complement of Source Equation of Elastic Line

A new notion of joint, defined in terms of the state of motor (active or locked) and type of the elastic or rigid element, gear and/or link that follows after the motor, is introduced. Special attention is paid to the motion of the flexible links in the robotic configuration. The paper deals with the relationship between the equation of elastic line equilibrium, the “Euler–Bernoulli approach” (EBA), and equation of motion at the point of elastic line tip, the “Lumped-mass approach” (LMA). The Euler–Bernoulli equations (which have for a long time been used in the literature) should be expanded according to the requirements of the motion complexity of elastic robotic systems. The Euler–Bernoulli equation (based on the known laws of dynamics) should be supplemented with all the forces that are participating in the formation of the elasticity moment of the considered mode. This yields the difference in the structure of Euler–Bernoulli equations for each mode. The stiffness matrix is a full matrix. Mathematical model of the actuators also comprises coupling between elasticity forces. Particular integral of Daniel Bernoulli should be supplemented with the stationary character of elastic deformation of any point of the considered mode, caused by the present forces. General form of the elastic line is a direct outcome of the system motion dynamics, and cannot be described by one scalar equation but by three equations for position and three equations for orientation of every point on that elastic line. The choice of reference trajectory is analyzed. Simulation results are shown for a selected robotic example involving the simultaneous presence of elasticity of the gear and of the link (two modes), as well as the environment force dynamics.     

基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统研究与实现

针对空间想象能力培养的教学需要,对基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统 进行了研究。根据教与学的需要,确定了系统功能,设计了软件的框架结构。分析研究了移动设 备的系统平台,选择了系统的开发及运行平台。通过分析Android 框架中OpenGL ES 的设计接口, 实现了模型的轴测显示模式。通过分析OpenGL ES 中glDrawElements 方法的数据需求和VRML97 的数据格式,设计了虚拟模型加载器,实现了Android 系统中的VRML 模型3D 浏览器。开发了 软件的核心功能模块,设计实现了基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统。该系统因其创新 性和实用性,在2014 年第十四届全国多媒体课件大赛中荣获一等奖。     

协作机器人的构型分析研究

针对协作机器人的构型分析研究,得出了偏置是影响机器人构型的一个重要因素。首先,对现有典型协作机器人的构型进行分析,通过构型间的内在联系与演化过程得到构型之间的差异。然后利用构型之间的差异引出了偏置的定义,并通过偏置对关节运动范围的影响将其分为S型偏置和Y型偏置。最后以全局性能指标、工作空间体积指标和灵活工作空间指标为性能评价标准,对iiwa、Sawyer、Yumi三种典型构型的性能进行了仿真。通过对比分析可知,偏置的存在使构型的全局性能和工作空间体积性能降低,但对灵活工作空间性能有提高作用。结果表明偏置是影响机器人性能的重要因素,该分析研究为协作机器人的构型设计提供了理论依据。     

Stereometric pattern recognition by artificial touch

An artificial touch perception system has been created in order to study a method of processing information obtainable through tactile exploration of three-dimensional forms. The results can be useful for several purposes.The first part of the work concerns the project of the tactile explorator. For this purpose we used a kind of artificial limb like a finger with a certain number of touch sensitive transducers distributed along the surface of the finger tip. The information received by touching the object with the finger, is successively utilized as the input of the control servosystem which moves the finger point-by-point along the object surface in order to proceed with the exploration. It must be noticed that, from a philosophical point-of-view, the parallel approach with more fingers touching simultaneously the object in several points, is equal to sequential touching of these points by one moving finger.The second part describes the use of the propositional calculus in logical classification of the objects, as a method of three-dimensional pattern recognition.Elaboration of the input data obtained by tactile exploration, and computation of characteristic geometrical features of three-dimensional forms, has been performed on computer.     

Innovative uses of ICT in Chilean schools

Abstract This paper presents some of the results of the study of seven cases of innovative pedagogical practices using ICT. The study was performed in the framework of the application of SITES M2 in Chile. The results are divided in two sections. First is a summary of each case, highlighting its innovative characteristics that serve as models of 'good practice' for Chilean teachers. Second, the results of the analysis of what teachers did are outlined; the impact on students and the type of teaching and learning activities in use. Results show that these projects did not provide evidence of having impact on students' learning as defined in the national curriculum. However, they show that students participating in these projects could learn other things, had the opportunity to develop abilities defined as cross-curricular and practised ICT related skills. The analysis of the teaching and learning activities highlights some deficiencies in the way that teachers implement new teaching strategies.