热变形条件下X80管线钢连续冷却相变

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机研究了两种不同Nb含量的X80管线钢变形后连续冷却过程中相变行为,绘制了连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线);分析了控轧控冷工艺以及Nb含量对X80管线钢连续冷却相变的影响。结果表明,随着冷却速度的增加,降低了铁素体转变开始温度,组织得到细化,铁素体形貌从多边形逐渐向针状转变;变形量的增加和变形温度的降低,对铁素体相变也有促进作用,并使铁素体晶粒尺寸进一步细化;Nb可推迟铁素体和珠光体转变,并显著降低铁素体开始转变温度,细化了铁素体晶粒尺寸。     

Ti-Mo铁素体基微合金钢的连续冷却转变行为

利用Gleeble 3800热模拟实验机分别获得了Ti-Mo铁素体基微合金钢在静态和动态经不同速率冷却后的温度-膨胀量曲线，结合金相法绘制了Ti-Mo微合金钢的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线。结果表明：无论是静态CCT还是动态CCT,随着冷却速率的增大，实验钢的珠光体与铁素体均减少，贝氏体体积分数增加，当冷却速率达到30℃/s时，组织全部为贝氏体。实验钢铁素体相变的开始温度为800℃,压缩变形扩大了珠光体相区使其向左扩张，缩小了贝氏体相区，并降低铁素体转变开始温度。在制定控轧控冷工艺时，为了使实验钢在卷取过程中获得铁素体+粒状贝氏体组织，从而进一步优化强韧性能，建议Ti-Mo铁素体基微合金钢终轧温度应高于800℃,轧后冷却速率应高于30℃/s,并且要在贝氏体相变高温区完成卷取。     

含Nb微合金低碳钢奥氏体连续冷却转变行为

用MMS-300型热力模拟试验机研究了含铌微合金低碳钢奥氏体连续冷却过程的相变规律,用热膨胀法结合金相法建立了实验钢变形和未变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT),研究了加速冷却和热变形对组织转变的影响。结果表明:同静态CCT曲线相比,实验钢的动态CCT曲线整体向左上方移动,随冷却速度的增大,γ→α相变开始温度逐渐降低;高温变形促进铁素体和珠光体相变,同时抑制了贝氏体相变,扩大了铁素体转变区;奥氏体变形对贝氏体转变有双重作用:当冷速较低时,变形抑制贝氏体相变;冷速较高时变形促进贝氏体相变。     

钛微合金化高强钢的连续冷却相变规律

为了研究钛微合金化高强钢在连续冷却条件下的相变规律,通过热膨胀法及金相分析研究了低碳钢(C-Mn钢)和钛微合金钢(Ti钢)在连续冷却过程中的组织变化及过冷奥氏体的相变规律,分析了钛元素和变形对试验钢相变规律的影响,并讨论了连续冷却转变(CCT)与等温转变(TTT)曲线的关系。结果表明：随着冷速的增加,试验钢的主要相变组织由铁素体向贝氏体转变。在C-Mn钢中加入钛元素提高了过冷奥氏体的稳定性,抑制了铁素体和珠光体转变,促进了贝氏体转变;在奥氏体未再结晶区进行变形使试验钢的CCT曲线整体向左上方移动,提高了相变开始温度;变形提高了铁素体的形核率,促进了铁素体相变,铁素体组织得到细化;变形促进了贝氏体相变,使板条贝氏体变短,细化贝氏体组织。     

热变形参数对铌微合金钢贝氏体相变的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热力模拟实验机研究了铌微合金低碳钢连续冷却过程及等温过程贝氏体相变,分析了热变形参数对贝氏体相变的影响规律.研究表明,在连续冷却条件下,随着冷却速度的增加,贝氏体转变开始温度降低.随着变形温度的升高,贝氏体转变开始温度升高.从贝氏体转变开始温度来看,950℃变形时,对贝氏体相变有较明显的促进作用,当变形温度升高,变形的作用减弱.在相同变形温度情况下,随着变形量的增加,先共析铁素体的量增多,贝氏体量随之减少.变形温度在900℃以下时,变形促进了高温等轴铁素体的形成,同时由于先共析铁素体的影响而间接影响了贝氏体的量,导致了随变形温度的升高贝氏体量有所减少.在等温条件下,形变不仅缩短贝氏体相变的孕育期,而且促进了贝氏体的相变,贝氏体转变的鼻尖温度为500℃,贝氏体转变的上限温度为600℃.     

Q420qE钢形变奥氏体连续冷却转变研究

采用膨胀法在Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机上测定了Q420qE桥梁钢以不同冷速连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,并结合显微组织观察和维氏硬度测量,绘制出了试验钢的形变奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线)。研究表明,随着冷速的增加,试验钢的显微组织由铁素体+珠光体逐步转变为针状铁素体+粒状贝氏体;并初步确定试验钢两阶段变形后的控冷工艺窗口为5~10℃/s。在该冷速范围内,试验钢组织为由针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和M-A岛构成的多相组织。     

钎具用钢22Si2MnCrNi2MoA连续冷却相变的组织变化

用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机研究钎具用钢22 Si2M nC rNi2M oA连续冷却相变组织变化规律,包括静态和动态连续冷却相变规律等,分析了合金元素作用、冷却速度和热变形对CCT曲线、相变组织及性能的影响.结果表明:Mn、Cr、Mo、Ni等元素的加入是为了使22Si2MnCrNi2MoA钢可以在较宽的冷却速度范围内得到马氏体+贝氏体为主的复相组织;随着冷却速度的增加,变形促进多边形铁素体形成的能力将得到削弱,而变形促进贝氏体形成的能力将得到加强,且贝氏体的形态发生了变化.热变形促进了铁素体和贝氏体相变,细化了贝氏体板条,变形促使马氏体相变转变开始温度略微降低.     

Mn-Cu-Ti-Nb低碳钢连续冷却转变行为

在MMS-300热力模拟机上,利用膨胀法结合金相-硬度法,建立新开发的高速列车焊接构架用Mn-Cu-Ti-Nb低碳钢未变形和变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变曲线,研究了形变和冷却速度对试验钢γ→α相变行为及显微组织的影响.结果表明:随着冷却速率的增加,铁素体转变开始温度降低,铁素体晶粒得到细化,同时还促进了贝氏体相变.变形一方面促进了铁素体相变,细化铁素体晶粒;另一方面又抑制了贝氏体相变,使贝氏体含量降低,硬度降低.     

X80管线钢的过冷奥氏体转变规律和相变模型

利用L78RITA淬火热膨胀仪研究了X80管线钢过冷奥氏体转变的相变规律,结合金相-硬度法绘制了试验钢的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线。结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,X80管线钢过冷奥氏体分别发生了铁素体、贝氏体、马氏体转变;冷速小于3℃/s时,组织为铁素体和贝氏体;冷速在3～20℃/s时,组织只有贝氏体;冷速大于40℃/s时,组织中开始出现马氏体,且随着冷速的进一步增大,马氏体的含量逐渐增多,贝氏体逐渐减少直至消失。试验钢硬度随着冷却速率的增加呈逐步升高的趋势。在CCT曲线基础上,建立了相变点温度-冷却速率关系模型,并通过回归计算得到拟合度较高的相变模型,且模型计算值与试验值之间能够很好的地吻合,证明了该相变模型的可行性。     

海洋平台用钢E40的连续冷却转变

采用热膨胀法测定了未变形和不同变形条件下海洋平台用钢E40的连续冷却转变曲线,对E40钢的显微组织与硬度进行观察。通过分析不同变形量及冷却速度对试验钢相变及组织的影响规律,研究了变形工艺参数对铁素体相变和贝氏体相变的影响。结果表明,随着冷却速度的增加,贝氏体量增多,铁素体量减少,铁素体的晶粒变细;随着变形量增加,铁素体与贝氏体晶粒均能得到细化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.