Microsecond nonlinear model predictive control for DC-DC converters

In this paper, we present a novel nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) formulation for the transient control of a DC-DC converter. We demonstrate that a real-time implementation of the proposed NMPC scheme using the PANOC solver can be efficiently applied to control DC-DC converters in the microsecond range. Moreover, an embedded, code-generated version of PANOC can be implemented using microcontrollers or digital signal processors. The algorithm is incorporated in the transient simulator of PWM DC-DC converters, and the operation of the simulator on the boost converter's example is presented, comparing the performance of our NMPC-controller with that of a classical PID controller. The operation of the boost converter controlled using the proposed NMPC algorithm is validated experimentally.     

PWM DC-DC变换器混杂动态系统的能控性和能观性

在PWM DC-DC变换器研究中引入混杂动态系统和切换线性系统的概念和相关理论,研究PWM DC-DC变换器的能控性和能观性.首先将PWM DC-DC变换器建立为周期型切换线性系统模型,然后根据周期型切换线性系统的一个周期之后和多周期的能控性和能观性定义及定理,以Buck PWM变换器为例,分析变换器一个周期之后和多周期的能控性和能观性,最后对Buck PWM变换器进行能控性实验验证.实验结果表明,在负载阶跃变化的情况下,变换器输出完全可以控制并且稳定在设计值,这和Buck PWM变换器作为周期型切换线性系统模型的能控性分析结果是一致的.本文的研究还表明,研究方法也适应于其他功率变换器能控性和能观性的研究.     

Smart electrical energy networks [review of Power Electronics in Smart Electrical Energy Networks (Strzelecki, R. and Benysek, G.; 2008)] [Book News]

The major aim of this book, a monograph written by an international team of authors, is to present the features, solutions, and applications of the power electronics arrangements likely to be useful in smart electrical energy networks. The book is organized into 12 chapters and includes the following topics: principles of electrical power control; an overview of power electronics converters and controls; quality problems in smart networks; high frequency AC power distribution platforms; integration of distributed generation with electrical power systems; active power quality controllers; and grid integration of wind energy systems, among other topics. The book includes numerous practical examples and very good illustrations that highlight the discussed topics. Each chapter begins with an introduction and is supplemented with a summary and list of references at the end. The book can be used a s a reference for advanced senior-level courses.     

DC—DC变换器主要技术发展综述

近20年来,随着功率开关器件的发展,DC-DC变换器的拓扑和变换技术取得了很大的成就。本文对DC-DC变换器中的主要技术——软开关、同步整流、移相PWM技术和多电平技术的发展与现状进行了综述,并讨论了变换器未来的发展趋势。     

正输出罗氏变换器——先进的电压举升技术

电压举升技术是一项广泛应用于电子电路设计的方法,由于寄生参数的影响,ＤＣ－ＤＣ升压变换器的输出电压和功率传递效率受到限制,电压举升技术为改善电路特性提供了好方法,正输出罗氏变换器是ＤＣ－ＤＣ升压变换器的一个新系列。它输入,输出正,具有高功率密度和效率,廉价的拓扑结构,纹波小,输出电压高,因此广泛应用于计算机外围设备和工业产品,特别是高压项目。     

基于功率控制环扰动的DC-DC变换器能量信息一体化研究

针对实现DC-DC变换器之间的信息交互较为复杂的问题,提出了一种基于功率控制环扰动实现其能量信息一体化的方法。通过在DC-DC变换器的传统功率控制环中叠加二进制频移键控(binary frequency shift keying,2FSK)信号作为扰动,将数据信息叠加到传统脉冲宽度调制(pulse-width modulation,PWM)信号中,使得该PWM信号同时包含数据信息,实现能量信息一体化。首先,给出基于2FSK的功率/数据双载波调制以及实时的滑动离散傅里叶变换(sliding discrete Fourier transform,SDFT)解调方案。然后,通过对Buck变换器的能量信息一体化模型进行小信号建模与分析可知,降低输入阻抗可提升通信的信噪比。最后搭建一个由两个Buck变换器并联的实验装置进行验证。实验结果表明在稳态和负载突变的工况下均可实现3 kb/s的稳定通信,验证了所提方法的可行性。该方法使得DC-DC变换器能同时进行功率变换和数据传输,提升数字化和智能化水平。     

负输出罗氏变换器——先进的电压举升技术

电压举升是一项广泛用于电子电路设计的技术,受寄生元件的影响,ＤＣ－ＤＣ升压变换器的输出电压和功率传递效率受到限制,电压举升技术为改善电路特性提供了好方法。负输出罗氏为换器和正输出罗氏变换器相对应的另一类ＤＣ－ＤＣ升压变换器系列。它正输入负输出,具有高功率密度和效率,简单廉价的拓扑结构,不同于任何已有的ＤＣ－ＤＣ升压变换器,拥有输出电压高,纹波小的优点     

大功率电镀电源软开关技术的研究

本文详细讨论了大功率电镀电源中PWMDO—DC移相全桥变换器的软开关技术,包括ZVS与ZVZCS两种方式,讨论了ZVS拓扑中滞后臂实现ZVS、减少副边占空比丢失以及抑制整流桥寄生振荡的各种有效措施,并ZVZCS拓扑中滞后臂实现ZCS的方法从原边和副边两个方面作了介绍。     

电压源换流器开关器件损耗建模

IGBT在电力电子装置中得到了大量应用,尤其是在高压大功率电压源换流器领域,而电压源换流器损耗分析一直是电力电子领域的一个研究热点。为了能对电压源换流器损耗进行精确分析,提出一种基于波形拟合理论的绝缘栅双极晶体管与二极管的损耗分析模型。建立的损耗模型充分考虑了电压源换流器不同开关里导通电流变化对于二极管反向恢复过程参数及损耗的影响,该模型还考虑了二极管与IGBT器件相互关系,器件电压、电流、结温变化对损耗的影响,特别计入了电流拖尾过程、电路杂散电感参数的影响。搭建了2.5kV输出Boost实验电路对该损耗模型进行验证,实验结果对比证明了该损耗模型的正确性和有效性。提出的损耗模型适用于电压源换流器型直流输电(voltage sourceconverter high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)、静止无功补偿器(static synchronous compensator,STATCON)、统一潮流控制器(unified power flow controller,UPFC)等高压大功率应用场合的电压源换流器损耗分析。     

双随机PWM在DC-DC变换器中的实现及性能分析

随机调制技术因其能够减少噪音,驱散谐波能量而使之具有更宽的带宽,减小常规的PWM调制中快速开关运行产生的干扰。这种方法不需要改变电力电子系统拓扑结构,也不增加系统额外耗费和体积,是解决PWM型电力电子系统中形成的传导电磁干扰问题的有效方法之一。特别是双随机调制技术具有更好的减少离散谱峰值的作用。文中分析了双随机调制技术的原理,并将TMS320F2812DSP实现的双随机PWM信号应用于实际的DC-DCboost变换器。研究结果表明,双随机调制技术能够较好地抑制常规调制方式所引起的传导EMI,比任何一种单随机调制具有更好地削减峰值和遣散功率谱的效果,从而有利于改善电力电子系统的电磁兼容性(EMC)而不影响功率变换器的输出特性;同时也证明了双随机PWM技术的工业应用是可行的。     

超高频DC-DC谐振变换器

电力电子的应用要求功率变换器具有更小的体积、更高的功率密度以及更好的动态性能,这一要求使得高频化成为电力电子发展的必然趋势。结合国内外研究现状,对超高频VHF(very high frequency)(30~300MHz)DC-DC谐振变换器的主电路拓扑、谐振驱动电路、控制方法分别进行了介绍。     

Power Quality Improvement in Three-phase Telecommunication Power Supply System

This article proposes power quality improvement in a three-phase AC mains-fed telecommunication power supply by using an improved power quality converter. Conventional telecommunication tower power supplies suffer from power quality problems, such as high input current harmonic distortion, low power factor, and voltage distortions at the utility interface. To mitigate these problems, modern AC-DC converters with power factor correction circuits are used at the utility interface. An integrated boost converter is used as a power factor corrector with an isolated DC-DC converter at the load end to form the proposed telecommunication power supply. The power factor correction converter mitigates the harmonic contents of the AC mains current and improves the power factor, whereas the isolated converter provides regulated load voltage and isolation. Voltage control is used for regulating the DC voltage of the isolated converter, while the power factor correction integrated boost converter employs a current control loop to shape input current to sinusoidal in-phase with voltage. The design, modeling, and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the power supply at various AC mains voltages and loads. A prototype of the front-end converter is developed, and recorded test results are presented here to validate the simulated performance.     

多电平功率变换器的PWM控制策略综述

对多电平功率变换器的PWM控制策略进行了较为详细的综述研究,对其发展趋势进行了展望。多电平变换器的拓扑结构的丰富性和多电平PWM控制自由度的增加,决定了多电平逆变器PWM控制方法的灵活性和多样性,所以可能存在全新的、更加有效的PWM控制方法,控制方案的增加使得控制方案的优化问题显得非常重要,这将是多电平PWM的一个必然的发展方向;每一种主电路拓扑结构都有不同的中间变量控制任务,导致了多电平功率变换器的PWM控制目标多、任务大、难度大、综合性强,综合考虑中间变量控制、开关损耗最小化控制和具体拓扑结构与控制目标相结合的整体优化方法等,将是多电平逆变器PWM控制的主要发展方向。     

车载充电PWM软开关DC-DC变换器研究综述

作为车载充电机的关键部分,DC-DC变换器直接影响其运行效率,近年来,众多学者围绕PWM软开关DC-DC变换器开展研究并已取得可供借鉴的研究成果,旨在实现DC-DC变换器在整个充电过程中的高效运行。针对车载充电系统,首先指出DC-DC变换器设计要求,并分析传统原边移相控制全桥DC-DC变换器固有的不足,再从主电路拓扑、驱动方式和控制策略三个方面,详述车载充电机中PWM软开关DC-DC变换器研究进展。最后,剖析现有PWM软开关DC-DC变换器技术方案的优势与不足,并指出未来工作方向以实现DC-DC变换器系统效率全面提升。     

非隔离型高增益DC/DC变换器综述

在光伏发电、燃料电池发电等新能源发电系统中通常采用高增益DC-DC变换器拓扑电路结构,近年来国内外专家学者从不同角度分别提出了不同的拓扑电路及其控制策略。对非隔离型拓扑电路研究现状,从变换器基本的构成原理出发,将非隔离型高增益变换器分成了二端口级联型、三电平型、带开关电容型、三端口交错并联型与耦合电感型五大类型,并分别从拓扑架构与变换器电压增益及开关应力等性能方面进行了详细的对比介绍,对五类非隔离型变换器进行了全面的综述,对比了各自的优缺点,对新能源发电系统中的拓扑电路结构将起到一定的指导作用。     

Common mode conductive noise cancellation for multiphase converter using auxiliary winding

A multiphase DC-DC converter consisting of a coupled inductor and fast switching devices enables power electronics equipment to achieve a high-power density. However, with such devices, the fast voltage transition generates substantial common mode (CM) noise. However, there are very few studies on CM noise reduction for multiphase converters using a coupled inductor. Therefore, in this paper, a CM noise reduction method is proposed for a multiphase DC-DC converter that hardly lowers the power density.     

面向直流微网的双向DC-DC变换器研究现状和应用分析

直流微网是一种连接分布式电源与主电网的微网形式,双向DC-DC变换器(BDC)作为直流微网中必不可少的接口电路,在直流微网中充当着重要的角色,能够有效提升分布式电源利用率和直流微网的电能质量。在简要阐述学者们关于直流微网结构研究成果的基础上,归纳出了BDC在直流微网中的四方面典型应用。主要呈现了面向直流微网的BDC研究成果,着重分析了直流微网中应用BDC作为接口电路的变换器拓扑选择。最后,基于研究现状的分析,结合直流微网的发展趋势和电力电子关键技术对BDC未来的技术发展进行了讨论。     

P-type non-isolated boost DC-DC converter with high voltage gain and extensibility for DC microgrid applications

In this paper, the concept of converter design, using the least number of elements and achieving high voltage gain at the low duty cycle, is proposed for the microgrids. One of the important issues in the microgrids is boosting the low voltage output of sources to the utility voltage level. Therefore, the step-up DC-DC converters are widely used in these systems to attain the utility voltage. The benchmarking of the converters mainly in terms of the voltage gain, efficiency, the number of active and passive components, stresses on semiconductors, and simplicity is considered. In this paper, a new extendable non-isolated boost DC-DC converter is presented. Comparing the conventional boost converter, the basic structure of the proposed converter has a high voltage gain and reduced stress on the switch. To increase the voltage gain, the basic structure of the proposed converter can be easily extended. The modulation technique employed is high-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM). The detailed analysis of the proposed converter in continuous current mode (CCM) and discontinuous current mode (DCM) is presented. The relations between currents and voltages and the voltage gain in CCM and DCM are obtained. Experimental results are carried out to verify theoretical concepts by using the hardware prototype.     

轻型功率变换器拓扑结构及其控制技术综述

首先概述了一般意义的功率变换器类型和常规开关型功率变换器拓扑结构。在检索国内外大量文献的基础上,首次提出轻型功率变换器的概念,并总结了业已提出的轻型功率变换器结构和控制方法,即矩阵变换器、减小直流电容的单PWM功率变换器、减小直流电容的双PWM型功率变换器、无直流电容的单PWM型功率变换器、无直流电容的双PWM型功率变换器等5大类。把针对常规功率变换器改进而设计的各种拓扑结构及其控制技术统一起来,以理想功率变换器作为这类装置的研究目标,具有理论和应用指导意义。     

光伏发电系统高增益DC/DC变换器的研究

介绍了多种应用于光伏发电系统的前级DC/DC电路拓扑的优缺点,总结了DC/DC变换器应用于光伏发电系统中出现的新技术。提出了4种软开关高性能、高增益DC/DC非隔离及隔离型变换器的基本思想,以实现所有功率开关管的软开关。