失效汽车零件的修复试验研究

采用表面镀覆微粒增强镍基复合镀层的方法修复失效的汽车缸套。考察了复合镀层中微粒的质量分数、微粒粒径及复合镀层厚度对汽车缸套磨损量的影响规律,并分析了各自的影响机制。通过优化施镀工艺,达到有效修复受损部位的目标。测试结果表明:修复的汽车缸套符合相关规范要求,耐磨性理想,能够实现再利用。     

Ni-Co合金镀层的制备及其应用于汽车缸套的可行性分析

采用单因素试验法得到制备Ni-Co合金镀层的最佳工艺条件。采用最佳工艺条件,在汽车缸套内表面电沉积Ni-Co合金镀层。对镀Ni-Co合金的汽车缸套的硬度及内表面的耐磨性进行测试,并与镀硬铬的汽车缸套进行比较。结果表明:镀Ni-Co合金的汽车缸套与镀硬铬的汽车缸套的硬度及内表面的耐磨性相近,Ni-Co合金镀层同样能够起到较好的抗磨减摩作用,可以替代硬铬镀层应用在汽车缸套上。     

镍基纳米复合镀层的研究现状

镍基纳米复合镀层中由于复合纳米颗粒的特性而被广泛应用。就国内外镍基纳米复合镀层的研究现状进行了分析,对镍基纳米复合镀层的沉积机理、镀层结构特点、影响纳米颗粒与镍金属电沉积的主要工艺因素、镀层性能及应用进行了阐述。当前具有更优良硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、减摩性、催化功能和抗高温氧化性的镍基纳米复合镀层是行业的研究热点。对镍基纳米复合镀层的研究还属于初步阶段,理论研究还需进一步深入。     

电刷镀镍／镍包纳米Al2O3颗粒复合镀层微动磨损性能研究

应用电刷镀技术制备了含有镍包钠米Al2O3颗粒的镍基复合镀层，与快速镍镀层对比考察了该复合镀层高温硬度的变化，同时还从微动磨损角度考察了该复合镀层耐磨性和摩擦因数的变化。结果表明：与快速镍镀层相比，镍／镍包纳米Al2O3复合镀层具有更高的高温硬度和更好的抗微动磨损性能；复合镀层在400℃左右表现出较明显的强化趋势，具有较好的综合性能；纳米Al2O3颗粒使复合镀层的结构致密和细化，在磨损过程中起到了一定的减轻粘着和降低摩擦的作用；复合镀层的微动磨损机理主为要粘着磨损。     

复合电刷镀技术修复气缸套的应用研究

本文通过分析汽车气缸套磨损的规律、原因以及气缸套磨损后的可行修复工艺方法，采用含WC纳米微粒的镍基复合电刷镀层作为修复层或强化层，结果表明其耐磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能都高于未经电刷镀处理及单一镍基电刷镀层的气缸套。     

复合电刷镀技术修复气缸套的应用研究

本文通过分析汽车气缸套磨损的规律、原因以及气缸套磨损后的可修复的工艺方法，采用含WC纳米微粒的镍基复合电刷镀层作为修复层或强化层，结果表明其耐磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能都高于未经电刷镀处理或单一镍基电刷镀层的气缸套。     

化学镀镍合金的硬度与耐磨性

测定了化学镀低、中、高含磷量的镍磷合金与低、中含硼量的镍硼合金的硬度与耐磨性,也测定了氨基磺酸镀镍层的硬度与耐磨性。所测试的镍镀层包括镀成的与经450℃热处理1小时的镀层。本文报道了测试镀层的硬度、磨损与粘附磨损的结果。镀层的磨损并不仅仅取决于硬度,镀层的粘附磨损则取决于合金的组份与热处理。     

浅谈摩擦与磨损

介绍了摩擦与磨损的定义;摩擦与磨损产生的原因、危害性及分类方法;减摩性及耐磨性的表征参数、测量方法;磨损的分类方法等.最后,以电镀及复合电镀为例,简单介绍了在表面处理技术中制备减摩镀层和耐磨镀层的优越性.     

SiC强化镍基纳米复合电刷镀层的干摩擦磨损特性

采用电刷镀技术制备了快速镍和,n-SiC/Ni、n-SiC/Ni-W复合镀层,研究了镀层的干摩擦磨损特性,测定了镀层的显微硬度,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察分析了镀层磨痕形貌.结果表明:纳米粒子的加入可以显著地提高镀层的耐磨性.纳米复合镀层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,而纯镍镀层以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主.     

镍-硼合金镀层的硬度和耐磨性

在以氨基磺酸镍为主盐、硼氢化钠为硼源的电解液中,采用恒流电镀法于铜基底表面制备了镍-硼合金镀层。采用相似的方法制备了纯镍镀层和镍-铁合金镀层作为对照。使用真空退火炉对镍-硼合金镀层进行热处理。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对镀层的晶体结构和表面形貌进行了表征和分析,采用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对镀层的硬度和耐磨性进行了测试。通过扫描电子显微镜观察表面摩擦磨痕形貌,分析镀层摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:镍-硼合金镀层表面光亮平整,硬度可达7 000~8 000 MPa;经过300℃热处理后硬度可达到11 000MPa。镍-硼合金镀层的耐磨性比镀镍层和镍-铁合金镀层的有很大的改善。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。