不锈钢表面着色图案的研究

利用ＫＲ涂料和套印技术，通过多次着色或连续着色工艺，可以随心所欲地在不锈钢表面着上由多种颜色组成的彩色图案。     

不锈钢表面着彩色图案的研究

利用ＫＲ涂料和套印技术,通过多次着色或连续着色工艺,可以随心所欲地在不锈钢表面着上由多种颜色组成的彩色图案。     

彩色不锈钢生产工艺及其耐蚀性的研究

采用添加了ＣＳ－１添加剂的常规的不锈钢着色液可以生产出彩色不锈钢。所获彩色膜除包括在常规的着色液中可获得的颜色外，还能着出茶色、咖啡色、古铜色等颜色。通过动电位扫描极化曲线等的测量和分析，研究了所得着色膜的耐蚀性能，并解释着色膜经硬化处理后，耐蚀性得到提高的原因。     

不锈钢抛光

1引言 不锈钢呈银白色,具有优良的耐蚀性能和机械性能.随着不锈钢用途的多样化,在不锈钢表面进行着色处理,使其具有装饰功能.在国外,彩色不锈钢已实现工业化生产,并在航天航空、原子能、军工、轻工、建材和太阳能利用等方面得到广泛应用[1].为了获得优质的彩色不锈钢,不锈钢着色前表面处理是非常重要的,特别是对着色层的结合力、色彩的均匀性和制品的光洁度有明显的影响,正确的前处理是获得优质彩色不锈钢产品的必要条件[2,3].     

在铬酸—硫酸溶液中不锈钢的阳极氧化着色

本文研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在铬酸-硫酸溶液中阳极氧化的行为。试验结果表明:在恒电流极化条件下,从着色起始点到电位最高点之间,阳极电位与时间成线性关系,相应地不锈钢表面的颜色也在变化。越过电位最高点后,阳极电位基本上不变,不锈钢表面颜色也不变。在电位随时间线性变化阶段,不锈钢表面的颜色与通过的电量有关。     

不锈钢在化学着色时表面形状的变化

利用一种新的测试电极/溶液界面电容的方法测量了不锈钢在化学着色过程中其表面电容值随着色时间的变化规律,并由此得到了试样表面积的变化情况,认为着色过程申存在一个孕育期。在早育期内,试样受到着色液的不均匀侵蚀从而形成了凹凸不平的表面,相应地,这时表面电容值缓慢地随着色时间增加;而颜色开始出现,即彩色膜开始在试样表面形成,表面电容值有一大的飞跃,表明此时形成的彩色膜是多孔的。     

不锈钢着色工艺研究

通过正交试验研究了不锈钢着色液配方、温度、时间、电极电位对着色的影响，优化了着色工艺，获得了电极电位与颜色的良好对应关系。测试了着色膜的耐磨性、耐蚀性、变形加工性能，分析了添加剂对不锈钢着色的影响。所得膜层颜色均匀，耐磨性、耐蚀性、变形加工性能良好，工艺维护简单。     

不锈钢着黑色工艺

不锈钢去除表面自然形成的保护膜后,采用铬酸－硫酸溶液进行化学处理,随着工艺条件（温度、时间）变化,膜层厚度发生相应变化,膜层会出现不同的颜色,黑色就是其中的一种。般采用着色电位控制颜色,但此法受条件、设备等限制。很难得到推广应用。使溶液保持特定温度,控制着色时间,并不断观察膜层色泽,是不锈钢着黑色一种简捷有效的途径。     

一步法测定彩色不锈钢着色膜的亮度、颜色与厚度

利用光反射原理,设计出一小型镜面反射装置,借助可见分光光度计,通过校正透光率,一步准确地测定出彩色不锈钢着色膜的亮度、颜色与厚度.结果表明:该装置所测亮度与目测结果一致;能轻易地区分直接视觉难以辨别的色彩相近的着色膜;所测着色膜厚度与精密仪器测得数据基本吻合;同时,该装置具有原理简单、操作方便以及成本低廉等特点.     

不锈钢化学着彩色工艺的研究

采用以CrO3和H2SO4.4H2O为主要组分加入适量MnSO4.4H2O的着色液对不锈钢进行化学着色,探讨了前处理工艺,着色液温度、质量浓度和着色时间等因素对不锈钢彩色膜的影响。经大量实验得到了最佳的着色液配方和工艺范围:240 g/LCrO3、270 mL/LH2SO4、10 g/LMnSO4.4H2O,θ为50~90℃,t为10~35min。得到了随着温度的升高和时间的延长,膜厚度增加,颜色的变化为茶色→蓝色→金黄色→紫红色→绿色。着色膜经固化处理和封闭处理,表面色彩更均匀,重现性好,耐磨性及耐蚀性明显提高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。