铝合金化学镀Ni-P合金工艺研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验研究了温度、pH、柠檬酸钠和次磷酸钠质量浓度等工艺条件对化学镀Ni-P合金镀层耐蚀性的影响,得到了一种沉积速率较快,耐蚀性能好的化学镀Ni-P合金工艺.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:25g/L硫酸镍,24 g/L次磷酸钠,45 g/L柠檬酸钠,2mg/L硫脲,0.1 g/L乙酸钠,0.5mL/L O...     

低温化学镀镍磷合金工艺

以A3钢为基体,在低温下以化学镀制备镍磷合金。研究了镀液中复合配位剂含量、添加剂含量、温度、pH等条件对镀速的影响,以优化化学镀镍磷合金工艺。对镀层的外观、结合强度、耐蚀性、孔隙率等性能进行了表征。得到化学镀Ni-P合金较优的工艺条件为:NiSO4.6H2O30g/L,NaH2PO2.H2O30g/L,柠檬酸钠10g/L,植酸18g/L,NaF6g/L,巯基乙酸0.6g/L,温度50°C,pH9.0,氨水缓冲剂适量。在此条件下得到的Ni-P合金镀层具有良好的外观,孔隙率低,结合力强,耐蚀性好。     

化学镀镍磷合金镀层碱性无铬钝化膜的耐蚀性研究

为了解决六价铬钝化工艺的毒性问题,采用碱性无铬钝化工艺对A3钢上化学镀Ni–P合金镀层进行钝化处理,在镀层表面获得了抗氧化性与耐蚀性良好的钼酸盐钝化膜。研究了钝化液组分(包括碳酸钠和钼酸钠)的质量浓度以及钝化温度对镀层耐硝酸点滴腐蚀时间的影响,获得了最佳的钝化工艺:NaOH 10 g/L,Na2CO3 4.0 g/L,钼酸钠40.0 g/L,复合添加剂(四硼酸钠与亚硝酸钠组成的复合缓冲体系)5 g/L,温度60°C,时间15 min。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学测试,对比研究了钝化前、后Ni–P合金镀层的表面形貌及耐蚀性能,采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了最佳工艺得到的钝化膜的组成。经最佳钝化工艺处理得到的钝化膜无色透明,由Ni、P、O、Mo等元素组成。钝化后,Ni–P合金镀层在3.5%Na Cl溶液(p H=6.8)中的电荷转移电阻由钝化前的11.6 k?·cm2增大至448.2 k?·cm2,耐硝酸点滴腐蚀时间提高了60倍以上,耐蚀性明显提高。     

机械传动轴基体化学镀Ni-P合金镀层

在机械传动轴用40Cr钢基体上制备了化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,并对化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的厚度、表面粗糙度、结构、表面形貌及耐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明:化学镀Ni-P合金镀层属于立方结构,结晶度较好;化学镀Ni-P合金镀层表面呈现出均匀、致密的颗粒状形貌,厚度约为6.5 pm;化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的自腐蚀电位为一0.305 V,自腐蚀电流密度为36.72 ptA/cm2,耐蚀性较好。     

机械泵旋片基材表面化学镀Ni-P/PTFE复合镀层

在机械泵旋片用45Mn钢板表面制备了化学镀Ni-P/PTFE复合镀层,并研究了PTFE的质量浓度对化学镀Ni-P/PTFE复合镀层的沉积速率、耐磨性、耐蚀性及表面形貌的影响。结果表明:适当增加PTFE的质量浓度,有利于加快沉积速率,提高化学镀Ni-P/PTFE复合镀层的耐磨性和耐蚀性。化学镀Ni-P/PTFE复合镀层表面呈胞状形貌,PTFE均匀分布在表面。当PTFE的质量浓度为8 g/L时,化学镀Ni-P/PTFE复合镀层具有最佳的耐磨性和耐蚀性。     

汽车用AZ31B镁合金表面化学沉积Ni-P/SiO_2镀层及腐蚀分析

采用化学镀方法在AZ31B镁合金表面沉积Ni-P/SiO_2镀层。以Ni-P/SiO_2镀层的腐蚀速率为考察指标,采用正交试验确定了最优化学镀工艺参数为:镀液温度80℃,化学镀时间100min,SiO_212g/L。对最优Ni-P/SiO_2镀层进行腐蚀分析。结果表明:与AZ31B镁合金相比,相同条件下最优Ni-P/SiO_2镀层表面更难发生腐蚀,腐蚀速率低且腐蚀坑小。最优Ni-P/SiO_2镀层能够提高汽车用AZ31B镁合金的耐蚀性。     

化学镀Ni—P合金在烟草机械上的应用

研究了在烟草机械零件上化学镀Ni-P合金的工艺及其镀层的性能,结果表明,热处理温度对镀层的硬度和耐磨性均有较大影响,二者经400℃,1h热处理后达到峰值。镀层在酸、碱,盐介质中的耐蚀性均优于不锈钢。铝合金上之化学镀Ni-P合金层比硬阳极氧化层有较优的性能。     

热处理对化学镀Ni-P合金耐蚀性及晶体结构的影响

用化学镀方法分别获得不同磷的质量分数的Ni-P合金镀层,并用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分别研究镀层结构和表面形貌。对经不同热处理温度下,Ni-P合金镀层的耐蚀性能作了对比研究。结果表明:热处理影响了镀层的耐蚀性,经200℃热处理1 h,可改善镀层的耐蚀性;温度超过300℃,镀层组织结构发生改变,耐蚀性能降低。     

超声对化学镀Ni-P层的微观形貌影响

研究了超声波条件下在Q235钢表面进行化学沉积Ni-P的工艺;利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X-线衍射(XRD)对镀层成分、表面形貌及厚度进行了分析。结果表明,Q235钢表面化学镀Ni-P的最佳工艺参数为:硫酸镍(Ni SO4·6H2O)30g/L,次亚磷酸铵(NH4·H2PO2·H2O)32g/L,乳酸(C3H6O3)30g/L,柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O)10g/L,无水乙酸钠(CH3COONa)20g/L,p H值4～5,温度80～85℃,化学镀时间90min;超声波可显著地提高化学镀Ni-P合金的镀速,明显地降低镀层的孔隙率,所得镀层更为均匀致密,且Ni-P合金化学镀层为非晶态合金,光亮、均匀,与基体结合面平整。     

化学镀Ni-P合金复合络合剂的应用研究

在化学镀Ni-P合金溶液中,加入有机酸LA、丁二酸、乳酸和甘氨酸四种络合剂为因素进行正交实验,以磷含量、镀速和稳定时间为考察指标,确定最佳实验方案。结果表明,当复合络合剂中ρ(有机酸LA)为22g/L,ρ(丁二酸)为6g/L,ρ(乳酸)为12mL/L时,三种络合剂复配效果最佳。并对加入复合络合剂所得化学镀Ni-P合金镀层进行X-射线衍射分析、中性盐雾腐蚀测试和溶液使用周期试验。结果表明,组合镀液所得镀层是非晶态的,镀层耐蚀性良好,镀液使用可达6个周期。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。