黄果茄果实的灭螺活性及其有效成分的提取分离

测定黄果茄(Solanum xanthocarpum,SX)果实原粉浸杀钉螺和斑马鱼的活性,并提取分离其有效成分.研究结果:水温25 ℃,13μm SX原粉浸泡96 h,钉螺和斑马鱼的LC50值分别为7.61、54.4 mg/L(P<0.05);酸水提取与CCL分离得到碱性物SX Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ,HPLC检测其纯度分别为97.89%、98.71%、96.12%,熔点仪测定其熔点分别为310.0、301.7、256.5℃,MS分析其相对分子质量分别为883、867、721;用其浸泡24 h抑杀钉螺100%的剂量分别为100.0、8.0、200.0 mg/L.结果表明SX果实原粉具有灭螺活性高和对鱼毒性低的生物效应且含有抑杀钉螺高活性的生物碱.     

黄果茄果实生物碱的提取工艺

研究了黄果茄果实生物碱提取的最佳条件.采用正交实验方法,以黄果茄果实中2种生物碱SXⅡ和SXⅢ为考察指标,对影响黄果茄果实生物碱提取的因素进行了探讨.结果表明:SXⅡ最佳提取条件为浸提温度40℃、浸提时间15 h、水与原料配比10L/kg、pH值3.0;SXⅢ最佳提取条件为浸提温度10℃、浸提时间15h、水与原料配比10 L/kg、pH值3.0.     

黄果茄生物碱与氯硝柳胺联用的抑螺增效作用

从黄果茄(Solanum xanthocarpum:SX)果实中提取分离的3种新生物碱SXⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ,其纯度分别为97.89%、98.71%、96.12%,使用浸泡法试验生物碱的抑螺和与氯硝柳胺(niclosamide:NM)联用的抑螺增效作用.在室温(23±1)℃浸泡24 h,SX Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ均有抑螺效应,SXⅡ8.0 mg/L抑螺率为100%,抑螺活性分别是SXⅠ、Ⅲ的12.5、25倍,NM 0.25、0.5、1.0 mg/L抑螺率均为0,但在NM的3种质量浓度中分别加入SXⅠ50 mg/L时,NM抑螺活性均提高60%;当分别加入SXⅢ67 mg/L时,NM抑螺活性均增至100%.试验结果为NM高效低毒新剂型研究提供物质基础.     

吉祥草中杀灭钉螺有效成分的分离及结构解析

吉祥草为新发现的灭螺化合物,从水相提取物中分离出了杀螺有效成分晶体,进行了熔点、晶体衍射、元素分析、核磁共振C谱(13C NMR)、气-质谱等测定晶体性质的测试,证明为环己六醇.环己六醇的质量浓度为2.50 mg/L,72 h浸杀钉螺死亡率达93.3%;当杀螺成分质量浓度为5.00 mg/L时,72 h浸杀,其死亡率达100%.     

辛硫磷类似物的合成及杀螺活性

为寻找新的高效、低毒灭螺药,以取代苯乙腈为原料,经成肟、硫代磷酰化等反应,制得9个辛硫磷类似物(2a～2i),其结构经元素分析、IR、1H NMR和MS确证.初步杀螺筛选结果表明:化合物2a、2b、2h具有显著的杀螺活性,其半数致死浓度LC50值分别为0.31、0.33、0.38 mg/L.     

螺威杀螺剂新农药获农业部认证

一种专门用于灭螺的植物源新农药——螺威杀螺剂,获得国家农业部颁发的“农药临时登记证”。这一血吸虫新“克星”,为从源头上控制血吸虫病找到了新途径。     

螺螨酯类似物AC-101的合成与杀螨活性

为寻求高活性的杀螨剂,通过对螺螨酯进行结构改造,合成了新杀螨活性化合物3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-氧-1-氧杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-4-基-丁基-1-磺酸酯(试验代号:AC-101;暂命名:螺螨丁酯),并开发了24%悬浮剂(SC)和24%可分散油悬浮剂(OD)制剂。室内生物活性测试显示:在1 mg/L质量浓度下,螺螨丁酯对朱砂叶螨螨卵的防效达95%。田间药效试验显示:24%螺螨丁酯SC和OD药后14 d对山楂叶螨的最高防效分别为95.7%和96.2%,药后21 d对山楂叶螨的防效在73.6%以上。螺螨丁酯具有杀螨活性高、速效性好和持效期长的特点,有一定的应用开发价值。     

三苯基锡壳聚糖羧酸酯的表征与杀螺活性研究

以羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC-Na)为接枝骨架、三苯基氯化锡(Ph_3SnCl)为接枝单体,用80%的甲醇水溶液作溶剂在20℃反应2 d,合成了三苯基锡壳聚糖羧酸酯(CMC-SnPh_3),借助红外光谱、热重分析、差热分析、X射线衍射等分析手段对CMC-SnPh_3的结构进行了表征,并进行杀钉螺活性实验。结果表明:分析的谱图数据与CMC-SnPh_3的结构相符,证明CMC-SnPh_3接枝共聚物的生成;CMC-SnPh_3的浓度大于10 mg/L时,能抑制钉螺七爬,CMC-SnPh_3的浓度大于1 mg/L,室温浸泡3 d后,钉螺的死亡率达100%,该接枝共聚物具有高效杀钉螺活性。     

茄酸和茄酸乙酯的全合成研究

茄酸（Ⅰ）及其乙酯（Ⅱ）是烟草中重要的香味成分,对烟草加香有重要作用。本文在系统研究国内外合成路线的基础上,设计制定了一条以异戊醛为起始原料合成茄酸及其乙酯的新路线,依据设计的新路线,经大量的实验研究,成功地合成出了茄酸及其乙酯,产品经ＩＲ及~（１）Ｈ－ＮＭＲ证实,路线总收率茄酸为：４４． ３％,茄酸乙酯为：２９． ９％。     

二环桥环化合物和螺环化合物的命名

对有机化学中命名二环桥环化合物和螺环化合物考点进行具体分析,在命名过程中,要牢记母体,然后对主链编号以确定官能团和取代基的位次,最后按取代基位次、取代基名称、母体名称顺次来命名。桥环化合物无论[]中的数字还是编号都是从大到小,螺环化合物无论[]中的数字还是编号都是从小到大。以北京化工大学期末试卷中2道命名题为例,分析了每个题的具体命名过程,使考有机化学科目的考生能理解和掌握此考点。     

Structure and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase,Sucrose Synthase and Invertase Gene Families in Solanum lycopersicum

Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUS) and invertase (INV) are all encoded by multigene families. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a comprehensive analysis of structure characteristics of these family genes is still lacking, and the functions of individual isoforms of these families are mostly unclear under stress. Here, the structure characteristics of the three families in tomato were analyzed; moreover, as a first step toward understanding the functions of isoforms of these proteins under stress, the tissue expression pattern and stress response of these genes were also investigated. The results showed that four SPS genes, six SUS genes and nineteen INV genes were identified in tomato. The subfamily differentiation of SlSPS and SlSUS might have completed before the split of monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The conserved motifs were mostly consistent within each protein family/subfamily. These genes demonstrated differential expressions among family members and tissues, and in response to polyethylene glycerol, NaCl, H₂O₂, abscisic acid or salicylic acid treatment. Our results suggest that each isoform of these families may have different functions in different tissues and under environmental stimuli. SlSPS1, SlSPS3, SlSUS1, SlSUS3, SlSUS4, SlINVAN5 and SlINVAN7 demonstrated consistent expression responses and may be the major genes responding to exogenous stimuli.     

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles through Reduction with Solanum xanthocarpum L. Berry Extract: Characterization, Antimicrobial and Urease Inhibitory Activities against Helicobacter pylori

A green synthesis route for the production of silver nanoparticles using methanol extract from Solanum xanthocarpum berry (SXE) is reported in the present investigation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNps), having a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band centered at 406 nm, were synthesized by reacting SXE (as capping as well as reducing agent) with AgNO(3) during a 25 min process at 45 °C. The synthesized AgNps were characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, powdered X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the time of reaction, temperature and volume ratio of SXE to AgNO(3) could accelerate the reduction rate of Ag(+) and affect the AgNps size and shape. The nanoparticles were found to be about 10 nm in size, mono-dispersed in nature, and spherical in shape. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of synthesized AgNps was tested against 34 clinical isolates and two reference strains of Helicobacter pylori by the agar dilution method and compared with AgNO(3) and four standard drugs, namely amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLA), metronidazole (MNZ) and tetracycline (TET), being used in anti-H. pylori therapy. Typical AgNps sample (S1) effectively inhibited the growth of H. pylori, indicating a stronger anti-H. pylori activity than that of AgNO(3) or MNZ, being almost equally potent to TET and less potent than AMX and CLA. AgNps under study were found to be equally efficient against the antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible strains of H. pylori. Besides, in the H. pylori urease inhibitory assay, S1 also exhibited a significant inhibition. Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that the mechanism of inhibition was noncompetitive.     

白英化学成分及生物活性研究进展

综述了近年来自英的化学成分和药理作用的研究概况.到目前为止,从白英中分离出的化合物有皂甙类、有机酸类、萜类、多酚类、黄酮类、甾醇类、香豆素类、多糖类和其他类型的化合物;白英具有良好的抗癌、抗菌、抗过敏等作用,在临床上具有广泛的应用价值.     

离子型有机锡化合物分子结构研究

文章结合笔者近年来的工作总结了离子型有机锡化合物在分子结构上的特征,研究结果可以对离子型有机锡化合物的合成和生物活性研究起到指导性作用。     

茄秆中生物总碱提取条件的研究

以茄秆为原料,用索氏提取法进行生物总碱的提取,用酸碱滴定法对提取的生物总碱的含量进行测定。以生物总碱的含量作为指标,进行单因素试验,研究了有机溶剂种类、料液比、提取时间、pH值等因素对茄秆中生物总碱提取的影响。茄秆生物总碱的优化条件为: 60% 乙醇为提取剂,料液比为1:5.5, pH值为3,时间为 3 h,生物总碱平均含量为 1.96%。在优化条件下提取效果稳定、可重复性高。