基于AdvantEdge的斜角车削仿真实验确定刀屑摩擦因数的方法

当使用AdvantEdge软件进行切削仿真实验时,刀屑摩擦因数对仿真结果的影响明显,但现有有限元软件未提供刀屑摩擦因数数据库。为建立一种基于AdvantEdge的斜角车削仿真实验的刀屑摩擦因数确定方法,首先提出基于斜角车削的摩擦力计算方法,然后建立AdvantEdge三维斜角车削仿真模型,设定不同切削速度、切削深度、进给量及摩擦因数,通过AdvantEdge 仿真正交试验,获得刀屑摩擦因数的经验计算公式。为验证刀屑摩擦因数经验计算公式的正确性,设定不同切削速度和切削深度及进给量的斜角车削正交试验,获得切削力数据,并基于摩擦因数经验计算公式求得对应刀屑摩擦因数。利用求得的摩擦因数数据修改AdvantEdge中刀屑摩擦因数参数,进行残余应力切削仿真实验。仿真实验获得的残余应力与实际切削实验获得的残余应力相比,误差在10%以内,证明提出的刀屑摩擦因数确定方法是正确的。     

基于有限元的切削加工仿真及残余应力分析

基于热弹塑性有限元理论在DEFORM3D软件中建立正交切削加工有限元模型.建模过程中考虑了工件材料本构关系、局部网格自动重划分、刀屑摩擦、切屑分离等影响切削仿真的关键因素,分析了切削过程中工件等效应力的分布.对工件在不同切削速度下的残余应力进行分析和比较,得出两者之间的定性影响关系.     

Ti-6Al-4V车削温度的有限元仿真研究

分别采用有限元分析软件AdvantEdge FEM和DEFORM-3D,选取相同的模拟参数,对钛合金Ti-6Al-4V的车削加工过程进行了三维有限元仿真,根据仿真结果,分析总结出切削热的整体分布情况和刀具、切屑及工件切削温度的分布规律,给出了不同车削速度下刀具前后刀面温度分布图,模拟分析了同一切削速度不同分析步和不同切削速度下的刀具、切屑及工件的温度场分布情况,并把两个软件的仿真结果进行对比分析,得出了分析结果,为深入研究切削机理提供了有益的参考数据.     

矩阵算子法构建切削滑移线场的分析

刀具与切屑接触的摩擦因数呈不均匀分布增加了正交切削分析的难度,缺少一个完善的解析模型。针对于此,本文采用矩阵算子法构建了一种考虑在刀-屑接触面上变摩擦因数的滑移线场。通过Oxley的剪切切削理论找出工件表面材料塑性剪切变形的位置,为滑移线场的添加几何约束条件,从而求解滑移线参数。根据滑移线场,导出刀-屑接触长度,推算出切削力的解析式。模型计算结果与GH4169切削有限元仿真结果对比发现：刀-屑接触长度误差在9.8%内,两者的切削力在变化趋势上一致且数值上相近,验证了滑移线场的准确性。上述研究成果为变摩擦因数的正交切削分析刀-屑接触长度和切削力提供了理论方法。     

7050铝合金切削参数对表面残余应力影响的仿真分析

运用有限元软件AdvantEdge对7050铝合金材料进行了切削加工仿真模拟,采用单一变量法得到了工件表面残余应力与切削温度随切削参数改变而发生变化的规律。结果表明:工件表层为残余压应力,亚表层为残余拉应力,切削参数对最大残余应力所在深度影响较小,进给量对工件表面的残余应力影响最大,切削速度次之,背吃刀量最小,切削温度随着切削参数的改变也呈现出一定的规律。     

基于车削试验法的刀具摩擦性能研究

针对316不锈钢的切削力大、刀具磨损快以及切削温度高等问题,对其提升加工性能、降低切削分力、减小刀-屑间的摩擦阻力、优化切削参数等方面进行了研究。提出了利用车削试验法在正交切削参数下研究刀具摩擦性能,利用YW1硬质合金车刀在干切削条件下对316不锈钢棒料进行了车削试验;分析了切削参数对刀-屑间的摩擦特性的影响,并使用Third Wave AdvantEdge有限元软件对切削进程进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:切削参数的3个因素在干切削环境下对刀-屑间的摩擦系数μ的影响程度,从大到小依次为:进给量、切削速度、背吃刀量;以刀-屑间的摩擦系数μ最小选择最优参数组合为:切削速度V_c(120 m/min)、进给量f(0.2 mm/r)、背吃刀量a_p(1 mm)。     

纯铜车削加工残余应力的仿真及试验研究

针对纯铜材料的车削加工,基于AdvantEdge建立三维切削有限元模型开展加工残余应力仿真,并通过XRD结合电解剥层的方式开展应力测试对模型进行验证,结果表明该模型能够对纯铜车削加工残余应力实现有效预测,在此基础上采用该模型探究了不同切削速度、进给量及切削深度下加工残余应力的演化规律.     

有限元仿真在金属切削加工中的应用

有限元仿真是研究金属切削过程和切屑形成过程的有效方法.以铝合金7050为例,详细描述两种金属切削加工的有限元模型:正交切削模型和斜角切削模型,以及有限元模型建立过程中的一些关键技术如:刀屑界面间的摩擦,工件的材料本构模型和切屑分离标准.利用这两种有限元模型可以分别得到加工表面的残余应力分布趋势和切屑的几何形状,也可以预测低刚度结构件的让刀误差.分析表明:有限元仿真可以进行切削参数优化和刀具几何形状的优化,以改善加工表面的质量.     

冷滚打成形中打入量对残余应力的影响规律仿真研究

在冷滚打成形过程中,当外加载荷逐渐卸去后成形件内部会出现残余应力,为了有效的控制其对成形件精度的影响,现针对打入量与残余应力之间的关系进行研究。依据冷滚打成形的基本原理,应用Abaqus软件建立了有限元动态仿真模型,通过仿真获得了不同打入量时工件表面Mises力的分布。由于动态仿真结果工件内部的力处于不平衡状态,不能直接进行残余应力求解,所以在动态仿真结果上建立了静态仿真模型,通过静态求解获得在不同打入量下成形工件在切向、轴向和径向的残余应力的变化规律。在自行开发的冷滚打设备上进行试验,运用X射线应力分析仪测量滚打后工件残余应力分布,进行冷滚打成形件残余应力的实验研究。通过对试件测量得到在不同打入量下制件沿深度方向的切向残余应力的分布,试验结果与有限元仿真结果对比分析表明,残余应力变化规律具有很好的一致性。     

基于AdvantEdge的Ti6Al4V钛合金多工步切削加工表面残余应力分析

本文基于Third Wave AdvantEdge软件,采用Johnson-Cook本构模型和库伦摩擦模型建立了Ti6Al4V合金多工步切削有限元模型,且基于已有文献验证了模型的准确性。以工件已加工表面残余应力为研究对象,分析了切削速度、进给量及刀具涂层对不同工步作用下残余应力的影响,得出可供参考的结论。     

Orthogonal cutting of hardened AISI D2 steel with TiAlN-coated inserts—simulations and experiments

This paper presented a finite element simulation model for the analysis of AISI D2 steel turning with TiAlN-coated inserts. In this study, material constitutive model of hardened AISI D2 steel (HRC62) was built based on power law relationship, which was used in the FEM codes to describe the effect of strain, strain rate, and temperature on the material flow stress. A damage model was employed to predict the chip separation. Cutting edge radius and thickness of TiAlN coating were obtained by micro-optical system and SEM, respectively. The average friction coefficients were obtained by ball-on-disk friction test using UMT-2 high-speed tribometer. Numerical simulations of AISI D2 steel turning were performed using AdvantEdge? software. The simulated results of forces and chip morphology showed good agreement with the experimental results, which validated the precision of the process simulation method. The shear stress on the interface between coating and substrate of cutting tool was analyzed. And the maximal shear stress between coating and substrate was found on the cutting edge roundness near the flank face of cutting tool.     

Precision radial turning of AISI D2 steel

This paper compares finite element model (FEM) simulations with experimental and analytical findings concerning precision radial turning of AISI D2 steel. FEM machining simulation employs a Lagrangian finite element-based machining model applied to predict cutting and thrust forces, cutting temperature and plastic strain distribution. The results show that the difference between the experimental and simulated cutting force is near 20%, irrespectively of the friction coefficient used in the simulation work (approximately 19.8% for a friction of 0.25% and 18.4% for the Coulomb approach). Concerning the thrust force, differences of about 22.4% when using a friction coefficient of μ?=?0.25 and about 56.9% when using the Coulomb friction coefficient (μ?=?0.378) were found. The maximum cutting temperature obtained using the analytical model is 494.07°C and the difference between experimentation and simulation methods is 15.2% when using a friction coefficient of 0.25 and when using the Coulomb friction only 3.1%. Regarding the plastic strain, the differences between analytical calculations and FEM simulations (for the presented friction values) suggest that the finite element method is capable of predictions with reasonable precision.     

Three dimensional thermal mechanical coupled simulation during hot rolling of aluminium alloy 3003

Rolling passes of a pass schedule supplied by an aluminium company and containing reliable measured data of roll load and torque is considered. Percentage reductions range from 6% to 20% and are analysed by a commercial thermo-mechanical coupled FEM program FORGE3 V5.3. An inverse analysis method is adopted to match the calculated rolling force and torque with the measured rolling force and torque by treating the friction law and the friction coefficient as free parameters. Three widely accepted friction laws are investigated; Tresca friction, Coulomb friction and viscoplastic friction. The use of viscoplastic friction is shown to yield both more reliable and more accurate results than other models. Significantly the friction coefficient can be traced to remain constant throughout the pass schedule of the breakdown rolling. The contact pressure distribution is then studied with different thickness reductions and compared with published experimental results. The predicted and experimental agreement is such that the load calculation can be regarded as satisfactory. Acceptable agreement is also obtained with the measured torque values. The distribution of equivalent strain, temperature and the stress in the roll gap and the lateral profile are discussed.     

Viscoelastic and elastic–plastic behaviors of amorphous polymeric surfaces during scratch

In this study, we propose an analysis of the residual groove after contact between a spherical indenter and an amorphous polymeric surface (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) in scratch experiments. The geometrical shape of the residual groove was mathematically described using an exponential decay law. Finite element modeling (FEM) of scratch tests was compared to the corresponding experimental results. Assuming a two-segment simplified constitutive law with linear elastic behavior followed by linear strain hardening, the friction at the interface between the indenter and the material was modeled with a Coulomb's friction coefficient varying from 0 to 0.4, for computed ratios a/R between 0.1 and 0.4. The FEM results for elastic–plastic contact indicate that the shape of the residual groove is directly related to the plastic strain field in the deformation beneath the indenter during scratching. It is shown that the dimensions of the plastically deformed volume and the plastic strain gradient both depend on the ratio a/R and also on the friction coefficient.     

Influence of friction during forming processes—a study using a numerical simulation technique

Friction has an important influence in metal forming operations, as it contributes to the success or otherwise of the process. In the present investigation, the effect of friction on metal forming was studied by simulating compression tests on cylindrical Al-Mg alloy using the finite element method (FEM) technique. Three kinds of compression tests were considered wherein a constant coefficient of friction was employed at the upper die–work-piece interface. However, the coefficient of friction between the lower die–work-piece interfaces was varied in the tests. The simulation results showed that a difference in metal flow occurs near the interfaces owing to the differences in the coefficient of friction. It was concluded that the variations in the coefficient of friction between the dies and the work-piece directly affect the stress distribution and shape of the work-piece, having implications on the microstructure of the material being processed.     

An improved friction model and its implications for the slip, the frictional energy, and the cornering force and moment of tires

An improved friction model was proposed with consideration of the effect of the sliding speed, the contact pressure and the temperature, and it was implemented into a user subroutine of a commercial FEM code, ABAQUS/Explicit. Then, a smooth tire was simulated for free rolling, driving, braking and cornering situations using the improved friction model and the Coulomb friction model, and the effect of the friction models on the slip, the frictional energy distribution and the cornering force and moment was analyzed. For the free rolling, the driving and the braking situations, the improved friction model and the Coulomb friction model resulted in similar profiles of the slip and the frictional energy distributions although the magnitudes were different. The slips obtained from the simulations were in a good correlation with experimental data. For the cornering situation, the Coulomb friction model with the coefficient of friction of 1 or 2 resulted in lower or higher cornering forces and moments than experimental data. In addition, in contrast to experimental data it did not result in a maximum cornering force and a decrease of the cornering moment for the increase of the speed. However, the improved friction model resulted in similar cornering forces and moments to experimental data, and it resulted in a maximum cornering force and a decrease of the cornering moment for the increase of the speed, showing a good correlation with experimental data.     

MODELING THE THERMAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT THE TOOL-CHIP INTERFACE IN MACHINING

In this paper, the tool-chip interaction is described by two models; a heat transfer model considering the thermal constriction phenomenon, and a friction model with variable friction coefficients. To integrate the two models into a finite element modeling (FEM) package, both the heat transfer and the friction coefficients are related to the normal stress on the rake face of the tool. The effects of the thermal constriction and the friction phenomena on the machining forces, the chip thickness, the temperature of the tool, and the residual stresses are investigated using FEM simulations. The results show that the proposed heat transfer model and friction model can properly describe the tool-chip interaction to improve the simulation accuracy.     

Tube hydroforming compression test for friction estimation—numerical inverse method, application, and analysis

Friction plays an important role in forming processes, in fact it influences the material flow and therefore it affects the process and part characteristics. In particular, friction is a very influencing factor in tube hydroforming (THF), where high die–part contact pressure and area make the material sliding very difficult. As a consequence, the material hardly flows to the expansion zones and the part formability can be compromised. To obtain sound parts, FEM models allow the study of the process and optimize its parameters, but they require the right definition of the friction at tube–die interface. For these reasons, friction represents a key-point in THF processes and its knowledge and prediction are very important even if, nowadays, a comprehensive friction test for THF is not available in literature. With this paper, the authors want to propose and evaluate a method to estimate friction for THF processes. In particular, a numerical inverse method allowing the estimation of the Coulombian friction coefficient combining experimental test and FE simulation results will be described. The method is based on the effects of friction on the tube final thickness distribution when it is pressurized and compressed by two punches under different lubrication conditions without expansion. In particular, how the use of few and fast FE simulations allows to estimate an analytical function that takes into account the process conditions and that can be used in combination with experimental results in order to estimate the friction coefficient in THF processes will be shown.     

考虑硬度的高弹性合金钢3J33微细特征磨削仿真分析及实验研究

针对高弹性合金钢3J33的难加工性与实验复杂性问题,在其加工过程中进行了仿真模拟的研究。基于弹塑性力学、磨削加工机理和有限元分析等理论,利用专业金属切削仿真软件AdvantEdge,构建了考虑硬度的单颗磨粒磨削细筋的残余应力仿真模型,对不同硬度下磨削时的细筋残余应力进行了仿真分析和对比,并通过实验加以论证,最终验证了优化后的仿真模型具有可靠性。