水环境污染系统规划的模型非线性规划模型

本文将模型集理论与非线性规划优化方法有机地结合起来，首次提出水环境污染系统规划的模糊非线规划模型，并将它应用于沈阳市南部污水排放系统的最优化处理规划，在满足水质要求的同时，可以显著地降低污水处理的总费用。     

立足科学规划夯实发展基础

根据水利部党组关于开展深入学习实践科学发展观活动调研工作的总体部署，结合规划计划工作实际，规划计划司给各流域机构下发调研提纲．深入江西省、海河水利委员会等进行专题调研．并对各流域机构和各省（自治区、直辖市）反馈材料及时进行了汇总分析。通过涮研，全面深入地分析了当前水利规划工作中存在的主要问题，提出了水利规划工作新的思路、重点和改进措施，以及进一步推进水利科学规划．构建科学、系统、完善的水利规划体系，加强规划社会管理的对策措施。     

规划环境影响评价的几点体会

根据规划环境影响评价的粗浅实践，讨论规划环境影响评价和项目环境影响评价的不同，深入思考了规划环境影响评价中关键的技术问题，将实践中得到启示进行了梳理，以不断地完善规划环境影响评价理论，提高规划环境影响评价的水平。     

阳泉市地下水最优控制模型及其微分动态规划─二次规划算法

本文提出了一个地下水最优控制模型．文中对地下水运动偏微分方程采用有限元分析，导出了地下水状态方程，将模型简化为线性动态、二次特性（ＬＱＰ）的最优控制问题．运用微分动态规划（ＤＤＰ）二次规划（ＱＰ）算法，克服了大范围、多时段、非稳定流地下水管理中动态规划的“维数灾”问题，为大范围地下水管理提出了一种实用的最优控制模型．运用本文的模型，根据阳泉市的用水预测资料，对２０００年的岩溶水抽水量进行了最优控制计算．     

美国规划小型供水工程

在美国西部地区已不可能再兴建大型水库，但是对水资源的需求仍保持增长势头，现正在制订规划来满足其需求。垦务局在阿尼马斯－拉普拉塔工程修订规划，将其规模缩小，投资从７．４４亿美元减至２．９０亿美元，主要由联邦政府投资。加利福尼亚州继续研究新的、改善水质的...     

长江中下游干流河道采砂规划修编中几个问题的探讨

随着长江上游水土保持“长治工程”逐步发挥作用和三峡水库的蓄水运用．长江中下游干流河道的水沙条件与2002年之前编制《长江中下游河道采砂规划报告》时相比发生了较大变化。为更好地发挥规划的宏观指导作用，迫切需要尽快对《规划报告》进行修编、补充和完善。此次规划修编的特点是充分考虑长江上游三峡工程等水利枢纽工程建设的影响，体现规划的宏观性、指导性和可操作性，增加采砂能力建设的内容。研究将吹填造地等工程类采砂纳入规划范围的可行性。     

关于淤地坝规划中效益评价的探讨

淤地坝作为生态环境建设的重要内容，在减少黄河泥沙、淤地增产、促进退耕还林（草）和改善当地生态环境等方面发挥了巨大作用．作为衡量淤地坝项目规划合理性的重要内容的效益评价，由于缺乏统一要求和规定，在实际工作中，其形式五花八门，计算方法多种多样，大部分内容偏少，效益计算不同程度地存在缺项问题，不能充分反映规划的经济可行性．根据中华人民共和国国家标准《水土保持综合治理效益计算方法》（GB１５７７４—１９９５）和《水利经济计算规范》，结合工作实践，笔者提出淤地坝规划效益评价内容和计算分析方法，供大家商榷．…     

浅议水利供水规划方案的实际应用

随着城市的快速发展．城市供水规划也逐渐受到人们的关注。要制定合理的供水规划方案．就要以合理的供水设施规划、水资源供需保持平衡以及科学地对需水量进行预测为基础．并且结合城市的实际情况进行合理规划．     

县级小型水利工程规划应注意的问题

一、前言近年来，国家为确保粮食安全，扩大内需，逐步加大了对灌区续建配套、节水改造、高效节水灌溉、农田排水等小型水利工程的投资力度，投资规模逐年增长。水利建设，规划先行。孤项目．做规划前期工作应被提到重要议事日程。但是，在对一些县级小型水利工程规划审查中发现了一些问题，这些问题如不很好地解决，规划编制质量很难保证，编制的规划对实际工作也难以起到很好的指导作用。     

各大流域防洪规划工作大纲经审查后报送水利部

水现总院会同有关部门于1998年11月对各流域机构提出的流域防洪规划工作大纲进行了审查讨论．工作大纲是根据水利部“关于组织开展防洪规划编制工作的通知”精神，按照防洪规划任务书的要求进行编制的．此次审查的流域防洪规划工作大纲共八个，即长江流域、黄河流域、珠江流域、淮河流域、海河流域、松花江流域、辽河流域和太湖流域．经审查，基本同意各工作大纲拟定的规划原则、规划范围、规划水平年、规划主要工作内容及分工．审查后，已于1998年12月将上述8个流域防洪规划工作大纲报送水利部．各大流域防洪规划工作大纲经审查后报送水利…     

Nonlinear Pricing and Capacity Planning for Water and Wastewater Services

The purpose of this article is to determine the optimal nonlinear pricingrules for water services. The model presents a standard water distributionsystem and a separate wastewater collection and treatment system. Technicaland financial constraints are considered. The optimization process of awelfare utility function subject to different kind of constraints providesthe optimal pricing rules for drinking water and sewerage services. Theseprices reflect efficiently the costs of systems constraints, the cyclicityof demands, the time-of-use, heterogeneity types of consumers and the realvalue of water resources scarcity. They provide important guidance in thedesign of efficient water rates and in the development of different waterutilities planning strategies. New technologies in water metering(telemetry) should permit applying this model.     

IFTSQP: An Inexact Optimization Model for Water Resources Management under Uncertainty

Abstract

An interval-fuzzy two-stage quadratic programming (IFTSQP) method is developed for water resources management under uncertainty. The methodincorporates techniques of interval-parameter programming, two-stage stochastic programming, and fuzzy quadratic programming within a general optimization framework to tackle multiple uncertainties presented as intervals, fuzzy sets and probability distributions. In the model formulation, multiple control variables are adopted to handle independent uncertainties in the model's right-hand sides; fuzzy quadratic terms are used in the objective function to minimize the variation in satisfaction degrees among the constraints. Moreover, the method can support the analysis of policy scenarios that are associated with economic penalties when the promised targets are violated. The developed method is then applied to a case study of water resources management planning. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been obtained. They can help provide bases for identifying desired water-allocation plans with a maximized system benefit and a minimized constraint-violation risk.     

基于Simulink/Matlab的漆水河水污染控制系统规划仿真

运用排放口最优化方法进行漆水河水污染控制系统规划,污水处理效率分段时采用灰参数建立灰区间的方法可以克服线性化过程中非线性效应的影响.利用Simulink/Matlab建立水污染控制系统可视化仿真平台,对漆水河水污染控制系统规划方案进行可视化仿真,为漆水河水污染控制规划方案制定提供科学依据.     

混沌优化方法及其在水文水资源中的应用研究进展

混沌优化方法是解决非线性问题的一种新颖而有效的方法。本文介绍了混沌优化方法的基本原理及其优点,并且分别对两类混沌优化方法——完全混沌优化方法和混合混沌优化方法的国内外研究发展现状及其在水文水资源领域中的应用情况做了较为详细的介绍。同时,也提出了目前在混沌优化理论研究过程中存在的一些问题。最后,对混沌优化理论未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

Fuzzy Multiobjective and Linear Programming Based Management Models for Optimal Land-Water-Crop System Planning

In this article, linear programming and fuzzy optimization models are developed for planning and management of available land-water-crop system of Mahanadi-Kathajodi delta in eastern India. The models are used to optimize the economic return, production and labour utilization, and to search the related cropping patterns and intensities with specified land, water, fertilizer and labour availability, and water use pattern constraints. Due to extreme backwardness of the study area, it has been decided to keep all the three objectives of the linear programming models at the same priority level to obtain the compromised solution in a fuzzy environment that incorporates the imprecision in fuzzy goals and fuzzy constraints. These non-structural models facilitate the conjunctive use of available surface water and groundwater resources. A comparative evaluation along with the benefit-cost ratios of the existing and proposed farming systems is also presented.     

基于多层规划的武汉城市圈水量-水质耦合配置研究

以武汉城市圈水资源配置系统为研究对象,在明确水足迹、水承载力及多重水资源需求的基础上,兼顾不同决策目标之间的制衡关系,构建了多层优化模型以达到环境目标、经济目标和社会目标的集成化.上、中、下层模型分别体现了污染物排放量的最小化、系统经济效益的最大化与系统收益配置的均等化.基于一种改进的多层次交互求解算法对模型进行求解,...     

Integrated Sustainable Irrigation Planning with Multiobjective Fuzzy Optimization Approach

Multiobjective fuzzy methodology is applied to a case study of Khadakwasla complex irrigation project located near Pune city of Maharashtra State, India. Three objectives, namely, maximization of net benefits, crop production and labour employment are considered. Effect of reuse of wastewater on the planning scenario is also studied. Three membership functions, namely, nonlinear, hyperbolic and exponential are analyzed for multiobjective fuzzy optimization. In the present study, objective functions are considered as fuzzy in nature whereas inflows are considered as dependable. It is concluded that exponential and hyperbolic membership functions provided similar cropping pattern for most of the situations whereas nonlinear membership functions provided different cropping pattern. However, in all the three cases, irrigation intensities are more than the existing irrigation intensity.     

灌区整体效益模型在水库水量分配中的应用研究

水资源短缺及其水生态环境问题,已成为严重制约中国经济发展的重要因素。因此,如何对有限的水资源进行优化配置研究,已成为水资源规划与管理中的热点问题。文章运用多目标规划理论,建立了以经济、社会、财务等综合效益目标化最大的冯家山水库水量优化配置模型。通过确定模型各参数,调用Matlab优化工具箱中的函数进行编程求解,得到冯家山水库不同规划水平年(2015年、2020年)的水资源优化配置方案,为库区水资源规划与管理提供科学依据。     

基于可变模糊集理论的跨流域调水工程 水资源优化调度

为实现水资源的高效利用, 对胶东调水工程进行水资源优化调度研究。基于受水区潍坊、青岛、烟台、威海等 4 市的实际配水量与社会经济指标分析, 利用可变模糊集理论, 建立地市外调水量可变模糊优选模型进行优化调配 系数计算, 优化调配 4 市外调水量, 并对优化后的外调水量与区域社会经济发展进行耦合协调度计算。以调水效率 最高为原则, 以 4 市缺水总量最小建立目标函数, 利用 Lingo 软件编程求解, 分别对平水年、枯水年、特枯年进行水资源优化调度。把基于调配水量调度与规划指标调度的结果进行对比分析。结果表明: 2 种调度结果均满足各分水口的最小需水要求; 外调水量的优化调配提高了胶东 4 市水资源与社会经济发展的耦合协调度, 调配水量调度后, 青岛市缺水率明显下降, 其他地市缺水率降幅则较小。     

Water pollution control in the river basin by fuzzy genetic algorithm-based multiobjective programming modeling

Designing water quality management strategies is often complicated by the difficulty in simultaneously considering large amounts of relevant data, applicable submodels, competing objectives, unquantifiable factors, nonlinear characteristics, and uncertainty during parameterization. Mathematical optimization techniques offer promise in identifying optimal or satisfactory strategies that may be used as benchmarks for decision making. Newer optimization techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA) and fuzzy mathematical programming make the search for optimal control strategies in an uncertain environment more feasible. Using a probabilistic search procedure that emulates Darwinian natural selection, GAs allow multicriteria decision making with respect to both nonlinear feature and fuzzy characteristics to be incorporated directly into the optimization process and generate trade-off curves between cost and environmental quality while identifying good control strategies. This paper verifies such a discovery by a case study of water quality control in the Tseng-Wen river basin in Taiwan.