从玩石到赏心:“石”形象元素在陶瓷装饰中的运用

"石"形象元素作为中国传统文化中不可或缺的符号,以其内美特征而备受青睐,重静思、重相对的独特美感将赏石文化与人文情怀、生命哲学揉为一体,人们透过一片石找寻生命智慧的启发。文章从"石"形象元素艺术作品出发,了解该元素于各时期发展过程,总结其与不同元素的融合经验。运用传统陶瓷技法与现代审美思维对"石"形象元素进行创作,探索其在陶瓷装饰中更多的可能性,引发对该元素的文化思考与艺术共鸣。     

论紫砂壶“米芾拜石”的创作

宜紫砂壶造型精彩纷呈,发展至今大致可分为光素器、花器和筋纹器,三大类型相辅相成,共同造就了紫砂壶独一无二的艺术体系。紫砂壶"米芾拜石"以中国传统典故为题材进行艺术创作,在还原传统典故的基础上,融入艺人自身见解,呈现了中国古代文人痴迷艺术、无意名利的特质,也表现了紫砂文化和赏石文化相交融的风采和魅力。     

民间工艺美术中的审美意蕴研究

本文探讨了民间工艺美术在审美表达中的基本特征、理论基础和审美表现。通过对不同材料与工艺、艺术风格与传统、审美理论及民间审美观念的剖析,深入挖掘了其源自民俗活动的独特性,进一步分析了色彩、图案和结构在民间工艺中的运用,以及它们对审美产生的影响。民间工艺美术通过对传统元素的创新与发展,以实用与审美价值统一为特点,充分展示了群众艺术的独特魅力。     

陶瓷书法的文化价值与审美特征解读

本文以陶瓷书法的文化价值与审美特征为研究对象,对其历史脉络、文化价值和审美特征进行详细分析。陶瓷书法作为一种独特的艺术形式,承载着深厚的文化内涵和历史传承。通过研究陶瓷书法的历史脉络,揭示了陶瓷书法的起源、发展过程以及与传统书法的关系。进一步分析陶瓷书法的文化价值,探讨了其在民族文化传承、人文精神、文化交流等方面的表现。最后,从审美特征的角度对陶瓷书法进行解读,展现了陶瓷书法独特的艺术魅力。     

唐宋越窑瓷盒纹饰的影响因素探究

唐宋越窑瓷盒纹饰是时代精神文化的产物,其受到诸多因素的影响,笔者从外部因素,分析了社会发展状况、时代审美风尚、中外文化交流对纹饰的经济基础、审美倾向、文化汇融方面的影响;从内部因素,分析了地域环境、技术进步、尚青观念对纹饰的题材、工艺、釉色方面的影响进行阐述。笔者以器型完整且纹饰清晰的越窑瓷盒为研究对象,分析越窑瓷盒纹饰的影响因素。     

陶瓷雕刻人物形象的审美价值与文化传承

本文探讨了陶瓷雕刻人物形象的审美价值与文化传承,通过文化传承与审美价值的理论基础分析,研究了陶瓷雕刻人物形象的历史与发展,并阐述了其审美特点,进一步探讨了陶瓷雕刻人物形象的审美价值,包括美学观赏、文化意蕴和对审美观念的影响,同时强调了陶瓷雕刻人物形象在文化传承中的作用,包括技艺传承、文化认同和教育推广。通过案例分析不同时期的陶瓷雕刻人物形象,深入了解了其审美价值与文化传承,最后作了总结,并提出了进一步研究的建议。     

宋代审美文化与日常生活的融合——以建盏为例

审美文化是以艺术文化为核心的具有一定审美特性、审美价值的文化形态,而日常生活可以简单概括为人类的衣食住行,吃饭睡觉以及繁衍后代等。在原始文化阶段,审美文化与日常生活并未分化,直到审美文化逐渐走向成熟,审美文化与日常生活生活之间产生了界限。二十世纪后期的文化研究认为,后现代主义阶段的审美文化与日常生活又重新走向融合。而本文通过对宋代历史文化的研究,从各个艺术领域,特别是宋代典型茶器建盏中,得出宋代审美文化与日常生活有着和谐融合的现象,并以此为突破口向当下的文化研究提出问题,并对现实中审美文化、日常生活、以及消费文化的关系进行反思。     

清雅素丽：宋代一色漆器的造物美学文化研究

本文以宋代最为代表性的漆器品种一色漆器为研究对象，立足其造物美学文化的研究，系统围绕一色漆器产生的社会原因、宋人造物智慧及文人审美风尚对漆饰风格表现的影响，进行了较为详细的论述。宋代一色漆器的形成与发展，反映了宋代社会整体存在的含蓄、真实、平淡审美意识，体现了中华民族杰出的造物智慧和优雅的审美情感。研究一色漆器旨在启迪大众传承传统漆艺文化，实现对传统生漆文化的创造性转化和高质量发展，从而进一步增强对民族文化的高度认同感、归属感。     

赏石审美论雅俗

众所周知,赏石审美有雅俗之分,但对赏石中雅俗的理解,至今尚无统一的认识,只能是仁者见仁智者见智.有些奇石既无画面又无景观,而赏石有道者,却能"品"出它的"雅"味来.道理何在?答曰:"只能意会,不能言传".于是给赏石论雅蒙上一层神秘的面纱.这到也不是玩石者故弄玄虚,因为确实有一些奇石很象朦胧诗或抽象画那样难以琢磨,有时虽然感到奇石之雅,但又说不出它雅在哪里.看来赏石雅俗的介定确实大有学问,雅俗的判定原则和真谛,如何实现雅俗共赏等问题有待石友们认真体悟.笔者在文中想就此揭开赏石雅俗的庐山真面貌.     

现代漆艺工艺性与绘画性的审美特质辨析

艺术与工艺联系密切,两者间相互制约,相互影响。当下,随着人们审美水平的快速发展,现代漆艺亦逐渐趋于工艺化与艺术化的并轨发展,基于此背景,有必要从漆艺工艺性与绘画性的角度出发,对两者的审美特质进行辨析,进而明晰漆艺在当下社会审美情境中的审美特点,旨在对现代漆艺文化的审美发展现象提供理论支撑与参考。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。