多波段激光防护PMMA材料的制备

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为基材．在基材中加入防激光吸收剂IR530、IR1065，制备了能有效吸收488nm、514nm、530nm、1060nm等多个波长激光的PMMA材料。通过实验研究确定了防激光吸收剂IR530、IR1065的加入量和激光防护PMMA材料的制备工艺参数。结果表明，多波段激光防护PMMA材料在488nm、514nm、530nm处的透过率为0．01％，在1060nm处的透过率为0．02％，具有良好的激光防护性能。同时防激光吸收剂的加入对材料的冲击强度影响很小。     

防眩光及紫外/蓝光防护功能涂层的制备及性能研究

以气相二氧化硅粒子及紫外吸收剂为功能助剂,氟碳改性高反应丙烯酸树脂为主体树脂,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)聚酯膜为基材,采用湿法涂布工艺制备了具有防眩光和紫外/蓝光防护特性的功能涂层。研究了二氧化硅粒子含量、紫外吸收剂类型、所占比例以及涂层厚度对功能涂层性能的影响。结果表明,制备的UV固化吸光防眩光涂层兼具优异的防眩光和紫外/蓝光吸收性能,能有效改善显示屏幕表面发白和晃眼的问题。随着二氧化硅粒子含量的增加,涂层的雾度升高,同时光透过率和镜面光泽减小。紫外吸收剂HY-UV5具有最优的紫外/蓝光吸收性能。紫外吸收剂含量以及涂层厚度的增加,都能有效提高涂层的紫外/蓝光防护性能。此外,该涂层还具有优异的耐污和耐划伤性能。     

轻薄涤棉织物的防紫外线整理

分析了防紫外线整理中防紫外线整理剂UV-531的质量浓度、烘焙温度、烘焙时间、洗涤次数和摩擦次数对涤棉织物紫外线透过率的影响。测试结果表明:当整理剂质量浓度为40 g/L、烘焙温度为100℃、烘焙时间为6 min时,涤棉织物的防紫外线效果能达到非常优异的防护标准,而且织物也具有良好的耐洗涤性和耐磨性。     

光度法测定结晶紫含量

采用荧光光度法测定水产品中结晶紫残留量。样品在pH=5．00的H3PO4-NaOH缓冲液中,激发波长为530nm、吸收波长为600nm的条件下测定荧光值,在1．00×10^-6g／mL～1．00×10^-11g／mL范围内,有良好的线性,相关系数R=0．9996;检出限为1．58×10^-12g／mL;回收率在95．0％-98．0％之间。本法具有操作方便、检出限低、较高的重现性及准确性等特点,是一种良好的分析检测方法。     

可溶性近红外吸收剂氨基酞菁的合成及应用

通过先合成脂肪氨基邻苯二腈再合成酞菁的工艺制备了一系列可溶性近红外吸收氨基酞菁。采用核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、溶解性实验、紫外吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、热重分析法(TGA)对氨基酞菁的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明成功合成了不同结构的氨基酞菁。在酞菁外围a位取代脂肪族氨基以及采用Mn²⁺配位,可以得到较高溶解性的氨基酞菁。脂肪族氨基的供电子性能,尤其是a位取代,配合Mn²⁺,可使酞菁Q带出现较大红移,3, 3', 3", 3"'-四正丁氨基锰酞菁(a-TnBAMnPc)在三氯甲烷溶液中的最大吸收波长可达870 nm。研究了a-TnBAMnPc在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和水性聚氨酯(WPU)中的近红外吸收性能,在PMMA膜片中,a-TnBAMnPc的添加量超过0.60%(质量分数)时,在862 nm波长处透过率为0;在WPU涂层中,a-TnBAMnPc含量超过0.40%(质量分数)时,在866 nm波长处透过率为0。     

SAN/PMMA透明复合材料的制备及性能

以苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为原料,采用原位本体聚合法制备SAN/PMMA复合材料。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、玻璃化温度(θg)、热失重(TG)、邵氏硬度、弯曲强度、冲击强度和可见光透过率研究SAN/PMMA复合材料的性能。研发发现:SAN可提高PMMA的θg和热分解温度,20%～25%SAN与PMMA聚合可制得综合性能优异的高强高韧SAN/PMMA透明复合材料。其中,硬度由88 HD提高到90 HD,冲击强度由0.99 kJ/m2提高到2.21～2.92 kJ/m2,弯曲强度由67.86 MPa提高到130.11～160.70 MPa,800～400 nm波长范围内透过率均大于80%。     

固相反应法制备高浓度掺杂Nd:YAG激光透明陶瓷及其性能

用固相反应和真空烧结技术,成功制备了高质量的4.0%(摩尔分数)Nd:YAG透明陶瓷,并对样品的显微结构、光学透过率、光谱性能和激光性能进行了表征.结果表明:样品的平均晶粒尺寸约为10 μm;样品(厚度为2.8 mm)在1 064 nm处的透过率高达79.5%;主吸收峰位于807 nm处,峰值吸收系数为13.9 cm-1,激光波长1 064 nm处的吸收系数为0.2 cm-1;主荧光发射峰位于1 064 nm处,荧光寿命为102 μs.用激光二极管(808 nm)端面泵浦Nd:YAG陶瓷样品(泵浦源最大输出功率为1 000 mW),获得了波长为1 064 nm的连续激光输出,输出功率17 mW(最大泵浦吸收功率为998 mW),斜率效率为6.1%,激光阈值约733 mW.     

热处理工艺对减反膜性能的影响

以本实验室制备的高性能减反膜为研究对象,利用溶胶一凝胶法合成SiO：溶液,采用高速旋涂法制备纳米多孔SiO2减反膜,测试结果表明涂覆在白玻基材上的减反膜在可见光波段（400～800nm）范围内的透过率为94．6％±0．3％,其在405nm波长处的透过率达到1198．27％;同时进一步研究了热处理工艺在减反膜涂覆阶段对其减反性能的影响,研究发现：如果在基材表面涂覆一定厚度的减反膜,不同的热处理工艺对其的减反效果影响很大;如果热处理工艺选择不当,会使最终得到的涂层失去减反效能,甚至大幅度降低基材本身的透过率,为84．9％±1．1％。     

防紫外线超疏水织物涂层构筑及性能

以羟基氟硅油、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)为原料,制备了含双键的聚氨酯,在整理液中添加紫外线吸收剂(UVA400)和纳米二氧化硅颗粒,以提高涂层的紫外线防护效果和表面粗糙度,通过紫外光引发双键自由基聚合构筑防紫外超疏水织物涂层,并对材料进行了FTIR、SEM、疏水性及紫外线防护性能测试。结果表明:羟基氟硅油和PETA引入到了聚氨酯分子链中;织物表面具有微纳米状凸起,形成了粗糙的表面涂层。当整理液固体组分中w(SiO2)=15%,w(UVA400)=1.5%时,涂层织物的接触角为154?,滚动角为9?,紫外线防护系数(UPF)为72,紫外线A(UV-A)波段的透过率为2.96%,具有超疏水和紫外线防护性能;涂层织物经120h加速老化实验后,接触角为155?,UPF为117,UV-A波段的透过率为2.68%,具有良好的耐久性。     

叶腊石／TiO2复合粉体的制备及其抗紫外线性能研究

以叶腊石和钛白粉为主要原料,采用机械力化学法在叶腊石表面包覆钛白粉,制备一种无机复合型紫外吸收材料。用分光光度计分别在波长为330nm、350nm、370nm、390nm下测定复合材料的紫外光透过性能。结果表明：钛白粉包覆量、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、球磨机转速、球磨时间对叶腊石／TiO：复合粉体材料的紫外光透过率有重要影响,优化条件下制得的复合粉体材料紫外透光度明显低于叶腊石原粉,低于市售ZnO2且在各个波长的紫外透光度均低于5％。SEM表明：叶腊石表面包覆一层二氧化钛粒子。粒子成球状,粒径在200-450nm左右。     

聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺/苝系荧光材料复合静电纺膜的制备与表征

聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺(PSA)纤维在防护领域具有广泛的应用,笔者在其纺丝溶液中引入苝系荧光功能材料POSS-PDI-POSS,通过静电纺制备了PSA纤维膜。研究了助纺剂聚丙烯腈(PAN)、共溶剂氯仿、荧光功能材料的引入对PSA溶液流变、电导率和纺丝成形性能的影响,发现在PAN添加量为3%(w)、氯仿添加量为6%(w)和0.4%(w)的POSS-PDI-POSS时可制备纤维直径集中分布在250～600 nm的纤维膜,该纤维膜可发射550 nm的黄绿色荧光(490 nm光激发)和发射580 nm的红色荧光(530 nm光激发)。     

硅烷偶联剂对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化硅纳米复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(WD-20)作为偶联剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/二氧化硅(SiO₂)纳米复合材料,采用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和热机械分析等研究了材料的结构和性能.结果表明,WD-20的加入对纳米复合材料透明性、耐热性能和微观形态结构有较大影响,随着WD-20用量的增加,纳米复合材料透明性增加,SiO₂分散相尺寸变小,玻璃化转变温度增加.当WD-20与四乙基原硅酸盐（TEOS）之比为0.2时,所制备的纳米复合材料的溶胶分数为6%、玻璃化转变温度为250 ℃以上、可见光透过率在80％以上、SiO₂分散相尺寸小于100 nm.     

Studies into Laser Ignition of Unconfined Propellants

Prior to laser ignition tests, spectral absorption properties of three different solid motor propellants were analysed. The extruded double base (EDB) propellant exhibited >95 % absorption over the 250–550 nm wavelength band whereas, the cast double base (CDB) showed similar absorption over a wider band extending between 375–800 nm. The composite sample (CP) showed a uniform spectral absorption at about 90 % over 250–800 nm band. Ignition tests using an average of 500 nm output from an Ar‐ion laser showed that the double base propellants undergo deflagration prior to ignition due to the presence of carbon black material. Within the laser power density range of 24–125 Wċcm⁻², the threshold laser energy densities for deflagration and ignition in the double base propellant were found to␣be between 2–2.5 Jċcm⁻², and 40–215 Jċcm⁻², respectively. No deflagration was observed for the composite propellant, and the threshold ignition energy was found to be within the range, 11–18 Jċcm⁻² for the same range of laser power densities. From the ignition map for this propellant, the threshold energy for ignition at this wavelength was found to be approximately 18 Jċcm⁻² and was practically independent of laser power density. In the near infrared wavelength (780 nm) the EDB propellant was not readily ignitable due to its comparatively much higher reflectance at this wavelength. The ignition threshold values were found to be between 19–23 Jċcm⁻² for a similar power density level. The results indicate that the ignitability of propellants is enhanced through the promotion of deflagration.     

He-Ne Laser Protection Barrier by Means of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-perfluorovinyl ether) Grafted by Acrylic Acid and Complexed with Cu(II)

Appropriate eye and skin protection is a prerequisite for the safe operation of He-Ne laser in industrial and laboratory environments. This article reports on the measurement of the optical parameters of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-perfluorovinyl ether) grafted by acrylic acid and complexed with Cu(II) when exposed to He-Ne laser beam of wavelength of 632.8 nm and power 12.5 mW. Transmittance, reflectance, and refractive index spectra are presented. The study showed that the material has a protective level 4. Environmental conditions like thermal and fading processes were tested. This suggested that the material preserves its protective features as a protective eye and skin barrier of protective level L4. This was applied for an occupational working time up to 8 h, temperature up to 50°C, and for a time of 74 days after laser irradiation.     

Infrared spectroscopic studies of poly(methyl methacrylate) doped with a new sulfur‐containing ligand and its cobalt(II) complex during γ‐radiolysis

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy studies were performed for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) samples doped with an organic ligand or its cobalt(II) complex after the extraction of the dopant during γ‐radiolysis. There were no drastic changes in the IR absorption band position, but noticeable changes in the intensities were found. The relative transmission of IR absorption bands, such as those at 750, 840, 1065, and 1388 cm^?1, were measured according to the transmission of the carbonyl group band at 1717 cm^?1. The degradation and recombination mechanism of different groups in the polymeric chain or backbone during radiolysis could be explained by the behavior of the relative transmission data for each group with increasing exposure dose. The tacticity of the PMMA samples was unchanged during radiolysis, and they were found to be syndiotactic. This was confirmed by the IR J values for different PMMA samples before and after irradiation. The protection efficiency of the organic ligand and its cobalt(II) complex was also investigated, and it was found that the organic ligand was more protective than the cobalt(II) complex for PMMA samples against γ‐rays. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1937–1950, 2004     

Light emission in phase separated conjugated and non-conjugated polymer blends

Phase separations in conjugated polymer (MEH-PPV) and non-conjugated polymer (PMMA) blended films are studied by photoluminescent (PL) near-field scanning optical microscope and spectrometer. The morphologies of blended films changed from stripe patterns to isolated islands as PMMA concentrations increased. The PL spectra in isolated micron dots are the same as MEH-PPV. Nevertheless, we found new PL spectra, peaked at 500 nm wavelength, in the PMMA matrix. Since, PMMA does not emit light, the new spectra indicate some MEH-PPV diluted in the PMMA rich regions. The excitons of MEH-PPV in the PMMA matrix are localized and emit light as PPV oligomers.     

Blue Light Emission from Pulsed Laser Ablated Polystyrene

Thus far, pulsed laser ablation has been widely applied to the surface modification of polymers, but no work has been done for fluorescence performance of polystyrene ablated by pulsed laser. In this paper, a 1064 nm pulsed laser was used to ablate polystyrene. Compared to non-ablated polystyrene, the ablated polystyrene gave off obvious blue light under UV lamp irradiation. The morphology and structure of ablated and non-ablated polystyrene were studied by Fluorescence spectroscopy and IR. The results showed that the maximal emission wavelength of ablated polystyrene was 403 nm, which showed that blue light emission occurred. Because of ablation the surface chemical structure of polystyrene was changed and new C=C existed in the surface of ablated polystyrene. And the photoluminescent material was dissolvable, not cross-linked.     

Wavelength sensitivity of the photodegradation of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was photolyzed with monochromatic light of wavelengths 260, 280, 300, 320, 400, and 500 nm in vacuo by the use of the Okazaki Large Spectrograph. UV spectral changes, the quantum yields of main-chain scission (?cs), and effects of wavelength were investigated. UV spectral changes around 280 nm were observed with irradiation at 260 nm. The ?cs has a maximum value in case of irradiation with 300 nm light. It turned out that photodegradation of PMMA took place by irradiation of 260–320 nm light but did not by irradiation with the light longer wavelength than 340 nm. The average values of ?cs obtained in this work were 0.84 × 10^?4, 1.06 × 10^?4, 4.21 × 10^?4, 1.23 × 10^?4, 0, and 0 for irradiations at 260, 280, 300, 320, 400, and 500 nm, respectively. It was found that the photo-induced side-chain scission initiates the main-chain scission of PMMA by irradiation of 260 and 280 nm light. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

粒径可控的聚丙烯酸丁酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯核壳乳液的制备及表征

采用种子乳液聚合法制备了聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)乳液,然后通过第二单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯的预溶胀法聚合制备了PBA/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)乳液,用激光散射粒度仪和透射电子显微镜对乳液粒径和结构进行了表征.结果表明,当乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠质量分数为丙烯酸丁酯的1.5%时,可制备粒径为53.6 nm且分布窄的PBA种子乳液;通过调整补加乳化剂、单体与种子乳液的用量,可制得粒径为53.6～443.8 nm的一系列单分散PBA乳液;PBA/PMMA乳液具有完善的核壳结构,且在核壳两相间存在着一个过渡层.