随浪中船舶复原力计算和试验研究

目前国际海事组织第二代完整稳性衡准正在制定中,纯稳性丧失被列入五种稳性失效模式之一,随浪中复原力变化是纯稳性丧失薄弱性衡准和稳性直接评估的关键因素。该文以C11集装箱船为对象,对随浪不同波浪条件下的横摇复原力进行了试验测量,得到了不同横摇角度时的复原力变化,分析了不同波浪条件下复原力的变化规律;并开发波浪中复原力计算方法和程序,对随浪中船舶横摇复原力进行了计算分析,最后和试验结果进行了对比,有效验证了计算方法的准确性和有效性,为纯稳性丧失直接评估方法的实现奠定了基础,为船舶第二代完整稳性衡准的建立提供了技术支撑。     

波浪周期对系泊船舶运动影响试验研究

系泊船舶泊稳是港口设计和营运过程中的重要问题,系泊船舶泊稳标准从实质上讲就是限制系泊船舶的运动量。较长周期波浪作用下的系泊船舶泊稳问题愈来愈受到各方的关注,选取了一艘10万吨级散货船进行横向不规则波作用下的系泊模型试验,在同一波高下变化入射波浪周期,通过系列试验,分析波浪周期对系泊船舶横移、横摇和升沉运动的影响。研究结果表明,系泊船舶横移运动量总体上均随着波浪周期的增大而增大,横移运动对波浪周期的响应敏感程度是变化的;系泊船舶横摇和升沉运动量均随着波浪谱峰周期的增大先增大然后减小,当波谱谱峰周期与相应的船舶固有周期接近时,横摇和升沉运动量均出现了一次峰值。     

URANS simulations of ship motion responses in long-crest irregular waves

In this paper, numerical prediction of ship motion responses in long-crest irregular waves by the URANS-VOF method is presented. A white noise spectrum is applied to generate the incoming waves to evaluate the motion responses. The procedure can replace a decade of simulations in regular wave with one single run to obtain a complete curve of linear motion response, considerably reducing computation time. A correction procedure is employed to adjust the wave generation signal based on the wave spectrum and achieves fairly better results in the wave tank. Three ship models with five wave conditions are introduced to validate the method. The computations in this paper are completed by using the solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU, a solver developed for ship and ocean engineering based on the open source code OpenFOAM. The computational motion responses by the irregular wave procedure are compared with the results by regular wave, experiments and strip theory. Transfer functions by irregular wave closely agree with the data obtained in the regular waves, showing negligible difference. The comparison between computational results and experiments also show good agreements. The results better predicted by CFD method than strip theories indicate that this method can compensate for the inaccuracy of the strip theories. The results confirm that the irregular wave procedure is a promising method for the accurate prediction of motion responses with less accuracy loss and higher efficiency compared with the regular wave procedure.     

三体船横摇运动性能三维数值研究

该文运用商业软件HydroStar对在横向规则波中航行的三体船的附体位置对其横摇性能的影响进行了数值计算研究.通过计算,本文得到了十二种不同的附体配置方案在三个航速下横摇频率响应函数曲线.计算结果表明:三体船的横摇性能主要受其附体的横向位置影响,附体纵向位置对横摇性能的影响要远小于横向位置的影响,在考察的范围内,航速对三体船的横摇性能影响微弱.     

The dynamics of the floodwater and the damaged ship in waves

The interaction between the dynamics of the floodwater and the damaged ship in waves is investigated by applying an integrated method, which couples a seakeeping solver and a Navier-Stokes solver. To reveal the effects of the water flooding and the sloshing on the damaged ship behaviour, the motion of a Ro-Ro ferry in regular beam seas is simulated, including the ship under the intact condition with and without internal water and the ship under a damaged condition. It is found that the shift of the natural roll frequency of a damaged ship and the decrease of its roll response are mainly due to the water sloshing inside the compartment. The effect of the resonant sloshing leads to the presence of a ship's second peak response at higher frequencies and it is significantly reduced by the water flooding through the damaged opening. The influence of the flooding and the sloshing on the ship behaviour is small with a further increase of the wave frequency.     

A study of hybrid prediction method for ship parametric rolling

The parametric rolling(PR) in the head or following waves has been considered as one of the main stability failure modes in the development of the 2nd generation Intact Stability criterion by the International Maritime Organization(IMO).According to previous studies,the estimation methods of the roll damping affect the prediction of the PR significantly,and most of them are based on experiment data or Ikeda’s empirical formula.The accuracy of the estimation method for the roll damping could be a key aspect for the validity of its prediction for the full scale ship.In this research,a hybrid prediction method is developed for the numerical prediction of the parametric rolling when experiment data are not available for the roll damping.Comparison study is also carried out between the hybrid method and a nonlinear dynamics method,where the roll damping is estimated by the simplified Ikeda’s method and the direct CFD prediction method in a direct non-linear simulation based on the 3-D CFD approach in the model scale.It is shown that the results of the hybrid method are in satisfactory agreements with the model experiment results,and the method can be used for analysis especially at the early design stage where experiment data are often not available.     

三体船在斜浪规则波中运动响应预报方法研究

对于三体船在波浪中的水动力预报,航速效应和主体与片体间水动力干扰效应是水动力载荷合理预报的关键之处,需合理考虑.二维半势流理论可较为准确反映上述效应,已在三体船顶浪中垂向运动响应理论预报上获得了较为满意的结果.在此基础上,该文探讨了该方法在三体船斜浪中运动特别是横摇预报上的应用.为较准确获得三体船横摇运动时粘性阻尼贡献,采用三体船模静水中自由横摇衰减试验获得了自由横摇运动衰减曲线,并经能量法处理获得了船舶横摇阻尼系数.然后,结合二维半理论,获得了三体船运动数值解.数值解与斜浪规则波中运动响应模型试验结果符合较好,反映本文所采用的数值方法可较好地预测三体船斜浪中水动力载荷和运动,可用于三体船在波浪中耐波性评估.     

强迫运动柱体附加质量与阻尼系数的CFD计算

基于CFD的RANS方法,计入粘性和自由面的影响,模拟船舶剖面柱体的单自由度强迫摇荡运动,得到横荡、升沉、横摇及横荡对横摇的附加质量与阻尼系数,并与试验进行了比较,符合良好。两种不同网格进行试算比较表明:整体域移动网格的稳定性和计算效率要优于局部重划的非结构网格。最后,针对加装了舭龙骨的柱体进行强迫横摇运动模拟,求解大幅度横摇下的横摇阻尼,分析了舭龙骨尺度对横摇阻尼的影响。各种计算表明:无论是线性还是大幅度非线性运动,粘性CFD方法能有效地预报耐波性中各种运动模态的的水动力系数。     

大型升船机塔柱简化结构的抗倾覆稳定性分析

鉴于齿轮齿条式升船机过坝速度快、运行安全可靠,已在我国的大型水利水电工程中得到广泛应用。由于升船机支承塔柱高宽比通常大于6,在水平地震荷载作用下,受到很大的倾覆力矩,使得基础的一侧发生破坏,当结构倾覆力矩超过由结构自重产生的恢复力矩时,结构将发生转动,当转角大于临界倾覆角时结构将会发生倾覆。因此需要评价升船机塔柱结构在强震作用下的转动稳定性。本文基于MATLAB 7.0,编制了摇摆反应控制方程求解程序,利用该程序对大型升船机塔柱简化结构进行了抗倾覆稳定性分析。研究表明:地震波的频谱特性、高宽比、结构尺寸对结构抗倾覆能力有很大影响。应重点关注升船机塔柱结构底部拉应力集中区以防止应力过大引起底部脱开而发生摇摆失稳。     

Direct calculation method of roll damping based on three-dimensional CFD approach

The effect of roll damping on the prediction of a ship's motion is significant. A method based on the 3-D CFD approach for calculating the roll damping of a ship is proposed in this paper. The free decay experiments of 4 different types of ships at zero velocity are carried out. The roll damping coefficients are calculated and compared with the experiment results, with a good agreement. It is shown that the method adopted in this paper could be used to simulate the free rolling of a ship in the calm water at zero velocity very well and with good, stable accuracy for the prediction of the roll damping, and also with good applicability. This method may be further developed for the prediction of a full scale ship in the future.     

船舶在长峰和短峰不规则波中运动的三维时域数值模拟

船舶在真实海况中的航行性能越来越受到重视。此文在规则波中航行船舶运动的时域预报方法的基础上,发展了长峰和短峰不规则波的数值模拟技术,建立了航行船舶在长峰和短峰不规则波中运动的三维时域数值模拟方法,并应用该方法对一条10万吨油轮进行了数值模拟研究,计算了该油轮在长峰不规则波中的运动响应。试验和计算结果表明此文方法有一定的精度。最后还对该油轮进行了短峰不规则波中运动的数值模拟。长峰和短峰不规则波中的计算结果比较表明短峰不规则波对该油轮运动可产生较大影响。     

TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF WAVE FORCES ON SHIPS WITH FORWARD SPEED

Analyses of wave forces on Wigley and Series 60 ships at forward speedare presented in time domain which is based on a free surface transient Green functionwith linearized condition. The main effort focus on the investigation of the numerical sta-bility of time stepping calculation and the waterline intergal contribution to the excitingforces. Numerical study shows that the stable results can be obtained when a wall-sided as-sumption is used at the stern only and the effect of waterline can be neglected. Compar-isons have been made between the present time domain calculations and other works. Nu-merical results for the added resistance on a C_B=0.8 ship in short waves are presentedbased on the assumption that the steady disturbance of ship hull can be neglected.     

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON SEAKEEPING FOR A LARGE CONTAINER SHIP

An experiment is carried out to investigate the effects of wave direction and rolling motion on deck wetness nnd on the relative motion for a large last container ship. The experimental results of regular waves and irregular waves are presented. It is concluded from this experiment that, evidently the wave directions and rolling motion have a considerable influence on the relative motion at midship.     

超谐共振横摇下液舱晃荡特性数值研究

该文从船舶非线性横摇运动方程出发,采用多尺度法,获得其在正横规则波中的超谐共振稳态解,并将其作为液舱运动的外部激励。在此基础上,基于Open FOAM开源代码,采用基于VOF的两相流模型模拟液舱内气液运动,研究了船舶在超谐共振横摇条件下的液舱晃荡动特性问题。结果表明,在超谐共振横摇条件下,自由液面易出现翻卷、破碎等强非线性现象,舱壁压力时历表现出多峰型特征,其峰值要远大与简谐激励的情况,而且舱内液体晃荡在两个谐波成分的差频附近发生共振响应。     

横摇非线性方程的研究

本文对横摇运动的非线性方程的求解引入两种方法:迦辽金法和Cell—to—Cell映射法。同时对迦辽金法求得的解进行了稳定分析。通过对“长江口交通补给船”在规则波的运动进行计算,并把结果与试验结果作了比较,总的说来还比较一致。     

船体各种剖面的横摇阻尼与旋涡的形状

本文运用求解N－S方程的手法研究船体的横摇阻尼问题。利用作者原先提出的计算方法，数值模拟船体各种二维横剖面在横摇时的粘性流场。计算结果表明涡的位置与实验结果相当吻合，同时给出了横摇时各种横剖面的剪切应力与压力分布，比较各种不同剖面的旋涡形状可以发现，对于船舯附近的剖面，船体周围有两个涡，而对于船首或船尾附近的剖面，船体周围只有一个涡。利用这一数值模拟结果计算了包括粘性影响的横摇阻尼，计算结果表明横摇阻尼中压力成分比剪切应力成分要大。     

波浪群性作用下系泊船运动响应和统计特征值分析

码头前系泊船的运动响应与缆绳张力对于码头的运营安全至关重要。波群对系泊浮体波浪载荷特性不同于普通的随机波浪,具有一定的特殊性。该文对两种模拟波群方法进行了讨论,分析了两种模拟波群方法的特点以及群性与波浪统计特征值之间的关系。在此基础上开展了群性波浪作用下系泊船的运动响应研究,得出了谱峰因子?、群高参数GFH和群长参数GLF与波浪特征波高的变化规律。     

非线性横摇运动的摄动解

本文描述了船舶在突风及规则波共同作用下的非线性横摇运动方程。讨论了当波浪周期接近于船舶自由横摇固有周期时，其非线性方程的多重尺度解法，并应用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论，讨论了方程的稳定性。     

二维水波数学模型的实验验证

为了验证基于缓坡方程的波浪折射和绕射综合问题的数学模型，在波浪水池中，对缓坡地形上的双突堤在规则波，单向不规则波和多向不规则波作用下的折射，绕射综合影响进行了实验研究，并将实验得到的结果和数值计算结果进行了比较。     

不规则波辐射应力的精确解与近似解

波浪辐射应力是波生沿岸流乃至近岸流的主要驱动力。波浪辐射应力的计算将直接关系到沿岸流的大小及其水动力特性。不规则波相对规则波更能反应实际海洋中的波浪运动,因此不规则波作用下辐射应力的计算将更能体现实际沿岸流中的波浪驱动力。通过推导给出不规则波辐射应力计算的精确解与近似解,并对两种计算方法进行了分析比较,在此基础上进一步用波生沿岸流试验结果对近似计算方法中的波能计算进行了验证。结果表明窄谱情况下,不规则波辐射应力的近似计算方法已有较好的精度,可节省大量的计算时间,从而提高计算效率,但精确计算方法更能准确反应各时刻各位置辐射应力的波动状况。