傅里叶变换红外光谱法检验EPS泡沫塑料的研究

此次实验是为犯罪案件侦查等公安工作提供一种对EPS泡沫塑料快速、无损的检验方法。利用傅里叶红外光谱仪,采用Smart Performer采样器,对30个不同厂家以及同一厂家不同用途的EPS泡沫塑料样本进行分析检验。依据红外光谱图中吸收峰的不同,可以将EPS泡沫塑料样本加以区分。该检验方法操作简便快捷,结果准确可靠且无损检材,可用于公安基层实际办案。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法检验塑料吸管的研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,对塑料吸管样本分析检验。依据红外光谱图中吸收峰,可以将塑料吸管样本加以区分。该检验方法不破坏检材,重现性好,可用于鉴定塑料吸管物证。     

塑料市场

荆门石化总厂生产ＰＰ　荆门石化总厂70ｋｔ/ａ装置近日生产出合格产品,该装置投资5～6亿元,采用意大利海蒙特液相环管ＰＰ工艺技术,设备大多从美国、意大利引进,可生产25个牌号的ＰＰ,是中国石油化工集团公司“九五”重点工程。ＰＰ三合一复合袋　由上海丽顿包装材料有限公司与美亚合成纸塑(上海)有限公司共同研制,推入市场。该包装袋使用的材料全部为ＰＰ,即ＰＰ纸、ＰＰ布、ＰＰ涂膜料,经流涎法复合而成。ＰＰ纸具有纸感柔顺、印刷性好、防水、防虫蛀、包装袋强度高于纸塑袋,适用于化工、饲料、粮食、土产等粉粒状产品包装。用ＰＰ纸替代…     

镀铜层表面发黄故障分析和处理

铁基零件单层电镀铜充氮包装后出现条状发黄问题,对表面正常零件、发黄零件及PE包装袋内异物进行扫描电镜分析和红外分析,发现电镀铜零件发黄是由于PE包装袋内侧的异物污染引起。改用润滑剂含量较低的尼龙复合袋包装,镀铜零件发黄问题得到彻底解决。     

气质联用仪法分析食品包装塑料物证增塑剂

以奶制品包装袋、膨化食品包装袋这两种常见的物证为研究对象,收集了市面上常见的4个不同品牌7种酸牛奶包装袋,9种膨化食品包装袋,运用气质联用法对这些包装袋中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质进行分析,同时考察了超声波提取方法和索氏提取仪这两种方法的提取效果。结果表明:不同食品包装袋中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的种类存在较大差异,这为我们在法庭科学中对食品包装袋这类物证的对比分析提供了新思路和新方法。     

红外指纹区光谱结合多阶导数融合技术无损分类鞋底物证

为了提高检验效率,降低检验鉴定成本,实现对鞋底的快速无损分类.采用傅里叶变换红外指纹光谱及其多阶导数光谱对5类不同品牌共计50个样本的鞋底进行分析,并构建Bayes判别和支持向量机2种分类模型.结果表明,在鞋底鉴别过程中,基于原始数据、一阶导数数据和二阶导数数据建立的融合模型,初级融合模型的区分效果优于单一模型和中级融...     

火药起始参量对最大膛压影响的方差分析

火药弧厚和装药量是影响火炮最大膛压的两个重要的随机因素。本文用方差分析法对不同弧厚和不同装药量下最大膛压的样本值进行了显著性检验。在检验时,每个因素取两个不同水平,每个水平取两个样本,通过样本的统计量来检验不同因素对最大膛压的影响程度。检验结果表明,火药弧厚对最大膛压影响的敏感性比装药量强。所得结论对火炮的装药设计具有一定的指导意义。     

X射线荧光光谱法结合HCA-PCA-BPNN实现塑料快递包装袋识别分类

X射线荧光光谱法与机器学习有机结合,建立现场塑料快递包装袋物证科学精准识别分类模型。利用X射线荧光光谱法对72个塑料快递包装袋样品无损检验,并依据光谱数据,利用定性半定量分析法对塑料快递包装袋初步分类。利用z-score标准化进行光谱预处理,并结合层次聚类、主成分分析和BP神经网络(HCA-PCA-BPNN)建立识别分类模型,确定最佳聚类类别。结果显示,72个样品聚为8类时,模型检验集预测判别正确率为97.9%,预测集预测判别正确率仅为72%,模型识别分类准确度较差;72个样品聚为3类时,模型检验集和预测集预测判别正确率均为100%,识别分类准确度较高,72个样品最佳聚类为3类。研究表明,X射线荧光光谱法结合HCA-PCA-BPNN可以为现场塑料快递包装袋物证无损且准确地识别分类提供一种方便可行的模式。     

纸/维棉网布复合水泥包装袋中缝快干封口胶的研制

快干封口胶的研制成功提高了纸/维棉网布复合水泥包装袋中缝封口的质量,降低了成本,增加了经济效益。本文介绍了封口胶的配制、快干封口胶的研制情况及其性能比较。     

尿素自动采样器在我厂的应用

尿素产品的质量检验,依据GB2440—91技术标准规定,要按批采样检验。即对已包装的产品,总袋数大于512袋时,按3×N~(1/3)(N为总的包装袋数)的数量采样检验。采样的方法分人工和自动两种。人工采样时,要拆开包装袋,用采样器从袋的中心垂直插入3/4处采取均匀试样,即插包采样;自动采     

食品接触用生物降解塑料购物袋材质鉴别与总迁移量研究

采用红外光谱仪（FTIR）对市售的6种食品接触用生物降解塑料购物袋（1^#~6^#）材质进行鉴别,测试了其在不同浸泡条件下的总迁移量,并对部分样品的蒸发残渣成分进行了表征。结果表明,2^#与4^#样品材质定性结果与其标注材质不一致;生物降解塑料购物袋总迁移量远大于传统聚乙烯（PE）塑料购物袋,2^#~6^#样品在4 %（体积分数,下同）乙酸模拟液中浸泡及1^#~6^#样品在95 %乙醇模拟液中浸泡时的总迁移量均超过限量要求（10 mg/dm²）,说明生物降解塑料购物袋直接接触食品存在一定食品安全风险;样品中的PBAT能在95 %乙醇中溶解;样品中掺杂的CaCO₃在4 %乙酸模拟液中出现了大量迁移,这是由于CaCO₃本体发生迁移及CaCO₃与乙酸发生反应生成了乙酸钙;淀粉（ST）颗粒在水中会发生糊化脱落,而乙酸进入ST颗粒中会破坏ST的分子结构,导致掺杂ST的生物降解塑料购物袋总迁移量显著增大。     

Envelopes with microplastics generated from recycled plastic bags for crude oil sorption

Oil spill accidents in marine environments and the lack of disposal of post-consumer plastic are environmental problems worldwide. This study presents a sustainable alternative for both issues through envelopes filled with microplastics (MPs) from recycled bags for the sorption of spilled crude oil. Through particle size analysis by three different sieves (4, 9, and 20 mesh), different MP sizes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), density, contact angle (CA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). According to their sizes, the MPs were distributed in envelopes and submitted to crude oil sorption capacity and efficiency evaluation. Three MP particle sizes were obtained (from the largest to the smallest, according to the sieve mesh, MP4, MP9, and MP20). SEM images of samples exhibited irregular and porous surfaces, and MP4 had the smallest pore size (8.6 μm). BET showed that MP4 had the highest surface area (0.074 m²/g). The CA > 90° exposed that all samples were hydrophobic. FTIR spectrum demonstrated that the samples from the recycled bags were made of high density polyethylene (HDPE). The MP4 envelopes also had the best crude oil sorption results in capacity and efficiency (1.73 g/g and 68%, respectively), being a promising recycled sorbent in crude oil spillage applications.     

石化企业VOCs排放检测方法及影响因素研究

对青岛某炼厂的挥发性有机物进行采样和分析,对比了2种不同材质气袋的储存稳定性,同时在控制光照和是否加入保护气的条件下进行采样分析。得出结论,针对炼厂固定源挥发性有机物,聚酯铝（PEA）气袋的平均回收率（79.6%±4.0%）明显优于泰德拉（PVF）气袋（72.9%±4.0%）。且光照和保护气的加入会对实验结果产生一定程度的影响。     

近红外光谱分析技术在PA6生产中的应用

介绍了实际工作中采用近红外光谱分析技术建模时应注意的要点,以及使用Thermo Fisher近红外光谱仪对PA6生产中调配用添加剂不同组分进行光谱分析与检测。通过对比理论值与实际测试结果,确定光谱分析技术在调配工艺中的可行性;经过实际建立模型、校正、实际样品检测等过程后对模型进行验证和评价。     

Thin water vapor barriers for paper

Low-pressure plasma technique was used in the deposition of thin polymeric coatings upon a filter paper. Sixteen different monomers, including aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, nitriles, chlorine-containing compounds, and a silane, were used in the coatings. Most of the coatings functioned as water vapor barriers in different degrees, and the coated samples possessed wet tensile strengths anywhere from 3 to 34 times that of the untreated samples. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy was used to study the chemical structure of the coatings.     

ABS接枝聚合物红外光谱分析的制样方法研究

由于丙烯腈一苯乙烯一丁二烯共聚物（ABS）橡胶含量较高,采用传统KBr压片法制备的样品测试效果不理想,探索一种准确高效的制样方法,对于ABS接枝聚合物红外定性或定量分析具有重要意义。本文研究了ABS接枝聚合物红外光谱分析过程中不同制样方法对分析结果的影响,通过对比涂膜法、裂解法、热压片法等制样过程以及相应的红外光谱分析结果,寻求一种最佳的制样分析方法。结果表明,裂解法适合高橡胶含量的ABS接枝聚合物制样,该方法制样快捷,红外光谱分析结果重复性较好。     

Ionizing radiation as adjuvant for the abiotic degradation of plastic bags containing pro-oxidant additives

The effects of ionizing radiation in promoting the abiotic degradation mechanisms in oxo-degradable plastic bags were studied. Commercial plastic bags, containing pro-oxidant additives, were irradiated with gamma photons and accelerated electrons at doses of 5 and 10 kGy. Then, the irradiated bags were exposed to abiotic degradation, either thermal aging or accelerated weathering. Mechanical and microstructural characterizations were performed to follow the degradation. Plastic bags containing additives did not show important changes in their structure after ionizing radiation and thermal aging. Meanwhile, accelerated weathering combined with gamma photons irradiation produce fragmentation of all the samples after 120 h of degradation. It was concluded that the combination of ionizing radiation and accelerated weathering allows the breakage of polyethylene chains trough accelerating the activation of pro-oxidant additive. Additionally, polyethylene molecules are degraded with pre-treatment of ionizing radiation even if they do not contain the pro-oxidant additive.     

Synthesis of activated charcoal from saw-dust and characterization for adsorptive separation of oil from oil-in-water emulsion

The paper represents the synthesis process of charcoal from saw dust by chemical activation with different chemical agents like phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. The synthesized charcoal samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and BET surface analyser. The adsorption capacity of different charcoal samples was tested to separate oil from the oil-in-water emulsion. Effects of different parameters like adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature on adsorption of oil from oil-in-water emulsion by synthesized charcoals have been investigated. Under optimized condition, the oil separation efficiency is more than 98%, though it also depends on the initial concentration of oil in the emulsion. Isotherm and kinetic study on adsorption of oil from oil-in-water emulsion have also been studied. Three widely applied isotherm models viz., Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin were used to analyze the experimental adsorption data. Different adsorption kinetic models were considered to model the experimental data. Thermodynamics parameters were also evaluated for the adsorption of oil onto the charcoal samples.     

聚丙烯/碳酸钙复合材料的组分分析

介绍了一种应用化学分析、红外光谱分析(IR)和热重分析(TGA)对聚丙烯(PP)/碳酸钙复合材料的组分进行定性和定量分析的方法。通过对原样品及酸化、碱洗样品的红外谱图分析和TGA分析,确定了相应的添加剂为类苯马聚合物和硬脂酸或其衍生物。同时结合化学分析和TGA分析方法,对聚丙烯/碳酸钙复合材料中的碳酸钙、添加剂的含量进行了分析并取得了满意的结果。     

High pressure and high temperature induced polymeric C60 nanocrystal

In this paper, C₆₀ nanosheets with polymeric phases have been obtained under various high pressures and high temperatures, including orthorhombic and tetragonal polymeric phases. The structures have been identified and compared with those of nanorods by photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies. The main fluorescence band shifted from 1.70 eV in the monomeric phase to near infrared in the polymeric phase when pressure and temperature were increased. The difference of photoluminescence and Raman spectra between nanosheets and nanorods samples treated under the same conditions is probably caused by different polymerization degree in these samples because of different shapes.