NSST域模糊逻辑的红外与可见光图像融合

为了在红外与可见光图像融合时保留各自更多的细节信息,同时降低算法复杂度,采用了非下采样剪切波变换（NSST）和改进模糊逻辑的红外与可见光图像融合方法,利用NSST算法对红外图像和可见光图像分别进行多尺度、多方向稀疏分解,分别得到低频子带系数和高频子带系数。然后对低频子带系数采用基于改进的模糊柯西隶属函数的权值平均融合规则;对高频子带系数采用能量匹配度和视觉敏感度系数相结合的融合规则。最后对低频子带融合系数和高频子带融合系数执行NSST逆变换得到最终的融合图像,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明,此融合方法不仅可以保证融合清晰度,对缩短算法的运行时间也是有帮助的。     

基于NSST和自适应稀疏表示的紫外光与可见光图像融合

针对紫外成像仪中紫外光图像与可见光图像的灰度值特点及传统的图像融合方法在图像融合时存在紫外光斑信息丢失的问题,提出一种基于非下采样剪切波变换(NSST)和自适应稀疏表示的紫外光与可见光图像融合方法。首先用NSST变换分解源图像,得到低频子带系数和高频子带系数;然后采用邻域标准偏差取大的融合规则融合低频子带系数,生成近似融合图像;根据自适应稀疏思想指导高频子带系数的融合;最后通过逆NSST变换重构得到融合图像。实验结果表明,该方法在保留可见光背景信息的基础上,很好地融合了紫外光斑信息,改善了图像的主观视觉质量,在客观评价指标上也有所提高。     

基于NSST和CS的红外与可见光图像融合

针对红外与可见光图像需要实时融合的特点,提出一种降低算法复杂度的基于非降采样剪切波变换(Non-subsampled Shearlet Transform)和压缩感知域的红外与可见光图像融合算法。利用NSST算法对红外图像和可见光图像分别进行多尺度、多方向稀疏分解,分别得到低频系数和各带通方向子带系数。对低频子带系数采用基于目标特征的加权平均融合规则;压缩感知理论的测量矩阵采用哈达马阶快速沃尔什矩阵,对细节信息保留较多的各带通子带系数进行观测测量,得到更稀疏的各带通子带系数测量值,对此测量值采用基于区域方差选大的融合规则得到融合测量值,运用基于增广的拉格朗日乘子和交叠方向恢复算法对融合测量值进行重构得到近似精确的各带通子带融合系数,最后对低频子带融合系数和各带通方向子带融合系数执行NSST逆变换得到最终的融合图像。实验结果表明,该融合方法不仅可以保证融合清晰度,同时还可以缩短算法的运行时间。     

基于RDU-PCNN和NSST的红外和可见图像融合算法

针对可见光和红外图像的融合容易出现块状噪声 、边缘有振铃现象等不足,提出了一种基于区 域双通道脉冲耦合神经网络(RDU-PCNN)和非下采样剪切波变换(NSST)的红外和见光图像融 合算法。首先 对待融合的可见光和红外图像进行NSST分解得到低频系数和高频方向系数,低频系数采用R DU-PCNN的 规则融合,高频方向系数采用离散余弦变换(DCT)的融合规则,对融合后的系数进行逆NSST ,从而得到融合后 的图像。仿真结果表明,与其他5种目前流行或者较为先进的算法相比,本文的算法在视觉 和客观评价指标上优于其他算法。     

基于NSST的红外与可见光图像融合算法

针对红外与可见光图像具有不同的特点,提出一种新的基于非下采样剪切波变换（NSST）的红外与可见光图像融合算法.算法首先采用NSST将已配准的红外与可见光图像进行分解,得到低频子带图像和各尺度各方向的高频子带图像;然后对低频子带图像采用一种基于显著图的低频融合规则进行融合,而对高频子带图像的融合,结合人眼视觉特性,采用一种基于改进的区域对比度的融合规则;最后,对融合的低频子带图像和高频子带图像进行NSST逆变换得到融合图像.实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地综合红外与可见光图像中的重要信息,融合效果要优于一般的基于NSCT、NSST的图像融合方法.     

结合NSST和LSWT的光学/被动毫米波图像融合

提出了一种结合NSST和ISWT的图像融合算法,并应用到安检中.该方法首先采用NSST对被动毫米波图和可见光图进行分解得到一组高低频系数;接着对分解后得到的低频系数进行LSWT变换,得到新的一组高低频系数,分别对其采用基于区域方差融合规则和CS算法进行压缩、融合、重构后进行LSWT逆变换;再对第一步的高频系数采用改进的拉普拉斯算子进行处理;最后NSST逆变换处理得到融合图像.实验仿真结果表明,所提出的方法融合效果较好,实现了对隐匿物品的快速识别.     

基于非下采样剪切波变换的红外与可见光图像融合

由于传统稀疏表示(SR)冗余字典单一,脉冲耦合 神经网络(PCNN)模型参数设置复杂,为了解决上述问题,提 出了基于非下采样剪切波变换(NSST)的红外与可见光图像融合算法。该算法首先通过NSST将 源图像分解成低频子 带和高频子带。然后,使用自适应稀疏表示(ASR)模型进行NSST域低频部分稀疏系数的融合 ;同时,采用参数自适 应脉冲耦合神经网络(PA-PCNN)模型融合相应的高频部分。最后,对融合后的低频和高频波 段进行NSST反变换,重 建得到融合结果图。实验结果表明:该算法解决了传统SR模型的“块效应”问题,克服了PC NN模型中自由参数的设置难点,在主观视觉和客观评价上均优于现有算法。     

基于双分解的双通道PCNN红外与可见光图像融合

为解决红外与可见光图像融合过程中存在的对比与清晰度较低和小目标易丢失等问题,提出了基于在双分解模型下的双通道PCNN(dPCNN)图像融合算法。首先对两幅源图像进行预增强处理,通过鲁棒的主成分分析(RPCA)将处理后图像分解为稀疏层与低秩层,接着,再利用非下采用剪切波变换(NSST)对的稀疏层进行多尺度分解得到低频子带与高频子带,然后对低秩层和低频子带采用局部加权能量与拉普拉斯能量两者取大的规则进行融合,对高频子带则利用dPCNN的点火图进行融合,最后将得到的融合成分进行逆变换或合成来得到最终融合图像。实验表明,该算法的融合图像目标信息对比突出、小目标信息明显,对源图像信息保留较好,客观评价指标也明显也优于其他算法,其中互信息有了大幅度的提升,有效地提升了红外与可见光图像的融合效果。     

面向图像分类的SAR与可见光图像融合

SAR和可见光图像成像机理不同,图像差异较大,较难取得良好的融合效果。本文直接面向SAR图像分类,在NSCT变换融合框架下,利用遗传算法搜索低频加权系数,高频系数采用空间频率取大规则对SAR和可见光图像进行融合。实验结果表明本文方法获得的融合图像分类效果更好,更加有利于图像识别等后续处理。     

NSST域红外和可见光图像感知融合

为了提高融合图像的视觉感知效果,提出一种非下采样剪切波变换(Non-Subsampled Shear Transform,NSST)域红外和可见光图像感知融合方法.首先采用NSST将源图像分解为高频和低频分量;接着采用参数自适应脉冲耦合神经网络(Parameter Adaptive Pulse Coupled Neural Network,PA-PCNN)融合高频分量图像,提高成像细节;然后联合使用高斯滤波器和双边滤波器进行多尺度变换以融合低频分量图像,将低频分量分解为多尺度纹理细节和边缘特征以捕获更多的多尺度红外光谱特征;最后利用NSST逆变换获取融合图像.实验结果表明,该方法不仅可以有效提高融合图像的细节信息,而且还能增强红外特征的提取能力以契合人体的视觉感知.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.