导向孔与筛孔和导向浮阀复合塔板的实验研究

设计了导向孔-导向浮阀复合塔板和筛孔-导向浮阀复合塔板,在板间距为600 mm,液流强度为20 m~3/(m·h),1 500 mm×450 mm的矩形塔内,以空气-水系统测试了3种塔板的干板压降,湿板压降,雾沫夹带率,漏液率,清液层高度,泡沫层高度水力学性能。由实验数据分别拟合了3种塔板干板压降,湿板压降,雾沫夹带率,漏液率的关联公式。实验表明:筛孔-导向浮阀复合塔板在压降和漏液率方面优于导向浮阀塔板;导向孔-导向浮阀复合塔板在水力学方面都优于导向浮阀塔板,是一种操作弹性大,具有更好水力学性能的优良塔板;选择合适的塔内件复合也是改善塔板性能的关键。     

新型高效3D圆阀塔板的实验研究

详细分析了新型高效3D圆阀的设计原理和特点. 在1000 mm′350 mm规格的矩形实验塔中,应用典型的水-空气冷模实验系统对3D圆阀和F1型浮阀两种塔盘进行了对比实验研究,测定了多种气液负荷下两种圆形浮阀塔板的板压降、雾沫夹带和漏液量等流体力学性能. 利用氧解吸法测定了两种浮阀塔板的传质效率. 实验结果表明,在相同条件下,3D圆阀塔板的板效率比F1型浮阀塔板提高约20%左右,雾沫夹带量比F1型浮阀塔板略小,在工业应用范围内,3D圆阀的板压降和漏液量均比F1型浮阀小,是一种综合性能优良的新型圆阀.     

全周向通气条形导向浮阀塔板流体力学性能研究

应用空气-水系统,在直径1 200 mm的冷模塔内对上海唐华化工的新型条形浮阀塔板———全周向通气条形导向浮阀塔板进行了流体力学性能测量,并与F1浮阀进行了对比。实验表明,新型条形导向浮阀塔板的流体力学性能有了明显改善,相同条件下板压降比F1浮阀低20%左右,雾沫夹带较F1型浮阀小10%左右,漏液量较F1型浮阀稍大。     

组合导向浮阀塔板的雾沫夹带实验及CFD模拟

对组合导向浮阀塔板进行了水力学实验，测定了2块直径1m、不同浮阀排布的组合导向浮阀塔板的雾沫夹带和相关水力学数据。根据实验塔板的结构和尺寸参数建立几何模型，采用Fluent 6.3.26软件对板上气液两相流动进行CFD模拟，考察了塔板上的气液两相流动状况。清液层高度和雾沫夹带的模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好，验证了模拟的准确性。对两块不同浮阀排布的组合导向浮阀塔板的雾沫夹带和板上液体反向流进行了分析，结果表明在适当位置用导向能力更强的梯形浮阀代替矩形浮阀可有效降低雾沫夹带率和液体反向流比例，雾沫夹带率的实验值和模拟值分别降低了13.4%和10.6%，液体反向流比例降低了12.8%。研究结果表明，通过CFD模拟可望指导两种浮阀的合理排布和塔板的优化设计。     

双阀重波纹导向浮阀塔板的流体力学性能

采用空气-水系统,在直径1 000 mm圆形塔内对3种不同配比的双阀重波纹导向浮阀塔板流体力学性能进行了实验研究。在开孔率15.25%,堰高30 mm,板间距600 mm,3种液流强度下,测定了不同配比的双阀重波纹导向浮阀塔板干板压降、湿板压降、雾沫夹带率和漏液率等流体力学性能参数,并与单阀重波纹导向浮阀塔板进行了相互对比。实验表明:双阀重波纹导向浮阀塔板能够有效地降低雾沫夹带以及漏液,尤其在液流强度较小的时候更加明显,但同时会造成压降升高。其中,配比为26.56%的双阀重波纹导向浮阀塔板在压降增加较小时能够大幅提高雾沫夹带性能,综合性能优越,具有一定工业使用价值。其压降、雾沫夹带率、漏液率的关联公式通过实验数据拟合得出。     

新型导向筛板-浮片式浮阀复合塔板的研究

设计了一种新型导向筛板-浮片式浮阀复合塔板。在直径为1. 2 m的圆形有机玻璃塔中进行冷模实验,测定了实验塔板在不同条件下的性能参数。实验表明,当液流强度一定、阀孔动能因子升高时,塔板压降、雾沫夹带量和传质效率增大,而漏液量会减小;当阀孔动能因子一定、液流强度升高时,塔板压降、雾沫夹带量和漏液量均会增大,但传质效率会减小。此外,对F1浮阀塔板和ADV浮阀塔板在相同实验条件下进行冷模实验,结果表明,新型导向筛板-浮片式浮阀复合塔板的流体力学性能更好。     

导向筛板-导向浮阀塔板流体力学及传质性能

设计了一种高分离效率、高操作弹性的新型导向筛板-导向浮阀塔板(FGS-VT)。并在直径为600 mm的有机玻璃塔内,以空气-水-氧气为物系,测定了3种结构不同的FGS-VT的流体力学性能和传质性能,包括干板压降、湿板压降、漏液量、雾沫夹带率和塔板效率等。通过与筛孔、导向孔大小和排布方式相当的导向筛板在相同条件下的实验数据对比得出结论,带有14个浮阀的导向筛板-导向浮阀(FGS-VT-14-8)具有更低的干板压降和湿板压降,更大的操作弹性(更低的漏液和雾沫夹带)和更高的塔板效率。     

复合条形细分浮阀流体力学性能研究

采用空气-水系统在1200 mm的冷模塔内对一种新型浮阀塔板———复合条形细分浮阀(CRSV)的流体力学性能进行了实验研究。测定了塔板压降、塔板泄漏、塔板雾沫夹带等性能,并且在相同的实验条件下与标准的F1型浮阀进行了对比实验。实验结果表明:复合条形细分浮阀塔板比标准的F1型浮阀塔板压降可低10%—20%,雾沫夹带量低20%,低气速下泄漏量低15%—30%,这表明复合条形细分浮阀具有更好的操作弹性。     

导向固定阀型塔板上气液流体力学性能的研究

主要介绍了一种新型塔板--导向固定阀型塔板,研究了其压降、漏液、雾沫夹带等流体力学性能,与作者开发的高效导向筛板的相关性能进行了比较.对流体力学实验数据进行关联,获得了计算塔板压降、雾沫夹带和泄漏点孔速的关联式,可供梯形导向浮阀塔板设计计算之用.     

锯齿边窄条阀的改进

详细分析了3D条阀的设计思想。应用典型的水-空气冷模实验系统对3D条阀、STV条阀和F1型浮阀3种条阀进行了对比实验研究,测定了多种气液负荷下3种浮阀塔板的板压降、雾沫夹带和漏液量等流体力学性能,利用氧解吸法测定了3种浮阀塔板的传质效率。实验结果表明,在相同条件下,3D条阀各方面的性能均比上一代产品STV条阀以及F1型浮阀优良,板效率提高,在工业应用范围内,板压降最小,雾沫夹带与泄漏量比STV条阀小而与F1基本相当,是一种综合性能优良的高效条阀。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。