强背景光下LED交通灯的可见光通信误码率分析

LED交通灯的可见光通信将成为室外智能交通系统的发展方向。为了研究和克服信道中强背景光噪声对LED交通灯的可见光通信系统的干扰,对其通信信道建立强背景光噪声模型,分别构建了脉冲位置调制(PPM)、扩频(Gold码)、Gold码+PPM三种不同调制下的通信系统。首先分析了强背景光的相关参数,然后对PPM、Gold码、Gold码+PPM三种不同调制下系统误码率性能进行了比较。结果表明,接收机的视场角越小,接收机的直径越小,则通信系统受到背景光噪声的干扰就越小;在相同检测面信号功率下,太阳直射背景光噪声比扩展背景光更加影响系统通信性能;在同一背景光下,误码率最低的是PPM调制,其次是Gold码,Gold码+PPM的系统误码率最高。以扩展背景光的误码率达到10~(-4)作为参考,PPM通信系统分别比Gold码、Gold码+PPM通信系统低0.125和0.5 W的检测面信号功率。     

紫外光通信中多脉冲PPM调制的性能分析

介绍了多脉冲PPM调制（MPPM）的调制结构,分析了MPPM与PPM的结构关系。利用Matlab仿真的方法,比较了MPPM调制与其他几种典型调制方式（OOK、PPM、DPIM）的发射功率、带宽需求和误时隙率等性能指标,发现其功率利用率远远高于OOK,带宽需求明显比PPM、DPIM低,误时隙率的性能也具有一定优势,综合性能比较优越。结果表明MPPM是一种有前途的调制方式,适合紫外光通信及其他大气光通信的场合。     

M-QAM调制下高空平台OFDM光链路误码性能

针对Gamma-Gamma分布大气湍流效应、几何传播损耗和指向误差联合效应对空间激光链路性能的影响,研究了高空平台OFDM光链路通信模型的误码性能。建立了基于M-QAM调制的高空平台OFDM光链路通信模型,获得了OFDM光链路的载波噪声比,推导出总平均误码率的闭合表达式。仿真分析了在不同大气湍流强度、QAM调制阶数、抖动标准差和波束宽度等参数条件下,链路误码率与发射功率的关系。研究结果表明,在弱湍流条件或归一化抖动标准差小于0.6时,增大发射功率对链路误码率性能的改善程度较为缓慢;不同QAM调制阶数或归一化波束宽度条件下,增大发射功率对链路误码率性能的改善程度不明显。     

TCM-16APSK在通信理论新技术中的应用研究

随着北斗卫星导航系统的广泛应用,非线性卫星信道性能的研究成为通信理论新技术中研究的热点。16APSK是一种非恒定包络调制技术,它充分利用信号平面的幅度和相位具有较高的功率和带宽效率,同时又有对抗非线性失真的内在特点,而格型编码是一种将编码和调制相结合的带宽有效和功率有效编码调制技术。在Saleh非线性模型的基础上,推导出带限非线性信道下TCM-16APSK的误码率公式,分析了其在高斯及带限非线性信道下的性能特点,并提出了基于RLS的均衡算法。仿真结果表明:RLS均衡算法能有效地改善非线性失真,保证了TCM-16APSK在非线性条件下的编码增益。     

基于电光晶体的激光PPM偏振调制设计

调制解调技术是大气激光通信系统中的关键技术。提出一种新的光与电脉冲组合调制方式,对已经进行过PPM（脉冲位置调制）调制的激光信号再用电光晶体进行偏振调制。设计了同一信道四种偏振态（0°、30°、60°和90°方向振动的偏振光束）的PPM偏振调制方案。搭建了硬件时序电路及偏振调制系统,四束偏振光通过同一大气信道,同时被衰减,信道的衰减可以相互抵消。硬件仿真结果表明：采用光与电脉冲组合调制方式可以减少甚至消除大气信道对大气激光通信的影响,而且由于光波的偏振复用可以成倍提高大气激光通信的通信容量。     

单光子激光通信测距一体化系统设计

超导单光子探测技术能够实现光子量级极微弱光接收,是深空探测的关键技术之一,然而光子概率分布产生的脉冲 抖动效应造成通信、测距性能恶化。对此,设计了基于脉冲位置调制(pulse position modulation,PPM)调制的单光子激光通 信测距一体化系统。根据光子分布特性,提出了脉冲宽度压缩的PPM 新波形,降低了脉冲抖动效应对通信可靠性、测距精度 的影响。同时,研制了星载端与地面端原理样机,搭建了双向通信与同步转发测距试验验证平台。试验验证结果表明,同等 接收功率(-53.2 dBm) 条件下,采用1/4脉宽压缩比时,通信接收误码率从4.7×10-4降至5×10-10,测距精度从23.61 cm 提高至0.91 cm, 实现了高可靠通信传输与高精度距离测量。     

基于导频序列的空时编码OFDM系统的信道估计方法

利用空时分组码(STBC)导频序列,在最小二乘(LS)和最小均方误差(MMSE)信道估计技术的基础上,用基于本征向量分解(EVD)的低秩信道估计技术对空时编码OFDM系统进行信道估计,避免了矩阵求逆运算,大大减少了运算量。分析并仿真了在降低秩条件下的系统性能和用不同调制结构的不同空时码的性能。仿真结果表明,降低秩会影响系统性能,当忽略掉一个相对较小的特征值时,系统性能降低较少;如果相对很重要的特征值被忽略,系统性能就会随信噪比的增大下降较多。系统性能会随空时码状态的提高和采用更高调制结构而提高。     

无线紫外光MIMO湍流信道中BCOSTBC编码研究

针对在准确估计信道情况下无线紫外光MIMO湍流信道中如何有效地获得全分集增益这一问题。首先研究了无线紫外光通信的传输特性,然后研究了MIMO信道以及影响紫外光通信的主要因素。最后,采用比特补码式正交空时码(BCOSTBC)编码,推导出在弱湍流情况下直视(LOS)和非直视(NLOS)的误码率公式。实验结果表明,采用编码后1×2、2×1和2×2系统的误码率性能在LOS和NLOS情况下分别约改善了3、6和9 d B。增加光电探测器数目可以提高分集增益,有益于系统性能的改善;其中,2×2系统需要的发射功率最小,传输的距离更远,数据传输速率更大,误码率更低;在NLOS条件下通过小角度收发仰角能够改善系统的误码率性能。     

一种信道预测下的自适应QAM调制方法

提出一种自适应矩形多幅度调制方法,能够更有效应用于无线移动通信中的多径衰落信道.其中发送端的信道状态信息(CSI)通过基于预处理的ESPRIT信道预测算法获得.理论分析和仿真实验表明,这种信道预测算法下的自适应QAM调制方法,在保证目标误码率的前提下,实现了比无自适应传输技术更快的比特率,提高了带宽利用率.     

相关无线光MIMO系统的信道容量

空间相关性是制约无线光多输入多输出(MIMO)系统性能的主要因素之一。结合OOK调制技术,建立了相关无线光MIMO系统的信道模型,推导了不同相关机制下无线光MIMO系统的平均信道容量的解析式,分析了其中断性能。采用仿真实验分析了对数正态衰落信道中,空间相关性对均匀圆阵光MIMO系统的平均信道容量和中断信道容量的影响。结果表明,空间相关性的存在使得无线光MIMO系统的平均信道容量减小,中断概率增大;同时完全相关对于系统性能的影响较部分相关而言更为严重。     

Thermoelectric properties of Bi and Cu co-doped Ca3Co2O6single crystals

Single crystals of Bi and Cu-doped Ca₃Co₂O₆were synthesized in a molten K₂CO₃flux. Using an obtained single crystal of (Ca_0.985(5)Bi_0.015(5))₃(Co_0.990(3)Cu_0.010(3))₂O₆elongated to the c-axis direction of the crystal structure, the electric resistivity (ρ) and Seebeck coefficient (S) were measured from room temperature to over 1000 K in air. The single crystal showed p-type semiconducting behavior with ρ values of 1.8 Ω cm at 303 K and 0.017 Ω cm at 1000 K. The S values were +254 μ VK^{− 1} at 325 K, +360 μ VK^{− 1} at 420 K, and +214 μ VK^{− 1} at 1000 K. The power factor (S ² ρ ^{− 1}) increased with an increase of temperature and attained 2.70 × 10^{− 4} Wm^{− 1}K^{− 2} at 1000 K.     

电力系统概率小扰动稳定性研究进展

随着电力系统新能源渗透率的不断增大,考虑到新能源具有随机性强、波动性大等特征,会对高渗透率的新能源电力系统小扰动稳定性产生影响,从而制约电力系统的发展。为此,文章着重针对小扰动的来源、对电力系统的影响以及分析方法进行了总结归纳,首先简要介绍了小扰动的相关概念,后从风电等不确定新能源发电、电动汽车等新型负荷接入电网以及网络安全三方面阐述了各自对电力系统的影响,并对小扰动分析方法进行归类,分析了蒙特卡洛法(MCM)、随机响应面法(SRSM)和概率分配法(PCM)的相关原理以及研究现状。最后介绍了现阶段小扰动的抑制措施并提出了对未来电网发展方向的一些思考。     

Quality assurance of PASADENA hyperpolarization for 13C biomolecules

Object  Define MR quality assurance procedures for maximal PASADENA hyperpolarization of a biological ¹³C molecular imaging reagent. Materials and methods  An automated PASADENA polarizer and a parahydrogen generator were installed. ¹³C enriched hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1-¹³C, 2,3,3-d₃ (HEA), was converted to hyperpolarized hydroxyethyl propionate, 1-¹³C, 2,3,3-d₃ (HEP) and fumaric acid, 1-¹³C, 2,3-d₂ (FUM) to hyperpolarized succinic acid, 1-¹³C, 2,3-d₂ (SUC), by reaction with parahydrogen and norbornadiene rhodium catalyst. Incremental optimization of successive steps in PASADENA was implemented. MR spectra and in vivo images of hyperpolarized ¹³C imaging agents were acquired at 1.5 and 4.7 T. Results  Application of quality assurance (QA) criteria resulted in incremental optimization of the individual steps in PASADENA implementation. Optimal hyperpolarization of HEP of P = 20% was achieved by calibration of the NMR unit of the polarizer (B ₀ field strength ± 0.002 mT). Mean hyperpolarization of SUC, P = [15.3 ± 1.9]% (N = 16) in D ₂O, and P = [12.8 ± 3.1]% (N = 12) in H ₂O, was achieved every 5–8 min (range 13–20%). An in vivo ¹³C succinate image of a rat was produced. Conclusion  PASADENA spin hyperpolarization of SUC to 15.3% in average was demonstrated (37,400 fold signal enhancement at 4.7 T). The biological fate of ¹³C succinate, a normally occurring cellular intermediate, might be monitored with enhanced sensitivity.     

Thermal and dielectric properties of ZnO-B2O3-MO3glasses (M = W, Mo)

Glasses in the ZnO-B₂O₃-MO₃(M = W, Mo) ternary were examined as potential replacements to PbO-B₂O₃-SiO₂-ZnO glass frits with the low firing temperature (500–600^∘C) for the dielectric layer of a plasma display panels (PDPs). Glasses were melted in air at 950–1150^∘C in a narrow region of the ternary using standard reagent grade materials. The glasses were evaluated for glass transition temperature (T _g ), softening temperature (T _d ), the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), dielectric constant (ε _r ), and optical property. The glass transition temperature of the glasses varied between 470 and 560^∘C. The coefficient of thermal expansion and the dielectric constant of the glasses were in the range of 5–8 × 10^{− 6}/^∘C and 8–10, respectively. The addition of MO₃to ZnO-B₂O₃binary could induce the expansion of glass forming region, the reduction of T _g and the increase in the CTE and the dielectric constant of the glasses. Also, the effect of the addition of MO₃to ZnO-B₂O₃binary on the transmittance in the visible-light region (350–700 nm) was investigated.     

Investigation on the design and synthesis of new systems of BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Three primary differences between BNT- and PZT-based ceramics were analyzed from the composition and the active component of the materials. Based on the analysis the authors’ group developed the new idea of the design of the multiple complex in the A-site ions of BNT compounds. (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)²⁺, Bi³⁺ and Na⁺ in the ABO₃ structure are defined as A-site, A₁-site and A₂-site ions, respectively, and A, A₁ and A₂-site ions can be simultaneously or singly substituted partially by alkaline-earth metal ions, metal ions with +3 valence and metal ions with +1 valence, respectively. Under this consideration, Several new systems of Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ (abbreviated as BNT)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were proposed. These ceramics can be prepared by conventional ceramic techniques and have excellent piezoelectric performance. Among these materials, Bi_0.5(Na_1−x−y K _x Li _y )_0.5TiO₃ possesses higher piezoelectric constant (d ₃₃ = 230 pC/N), higher electromechanical couple factor (k _p = 0.40), larger remanent polarization (P _r = 38.9 μC/cm²) and a better P-E hysteresis loop until about 200^∘C. This work was supported by the projects of NSFC (50410179), (50572066), and (59972020), and NAMMC (2001-AA325060).     

Preparation of SnO2 whiskers via the decomposition of tin oxalate

A new method for preparing SnO₂ whiskers by the decomposition of SnC₂O₄ is suggested. A Whisker-like morphology of a SnC₂O₄ precipitate was attained via the gradual addition of an oxalic acid solution to a hot SnCl₂ aqueous solution (T > 50^∘C). In comparison, when the solution temperature was either lower than 50^∘C or when ethanol was used as the solvent, the SnC₂O₄ precipitate showed an angular and relatively isotropic morphology. The morphology of the SnC₂O₄ precipitate remained even after its thermal decomposition into SnO₂ at 400^∘C indicating that SnC₂O₄ precipitation is a key step in preparing the whiskers. The formation mechanism of SnO₂ whiskers was explained by the supersaturation during the precipitation of SnC₂O₄.     

Co-Modification of Ba5NdTi3Ta7O30 Dielectric Ceramics by Substitution and Introducing Secondary Phase

Co-modification of Ba₅NdTi₃Ta₇O₃₀ dielectrics ceramics was investigated through Pb substitution for Ba and introducing Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ secondary phase. The dielectric constant increased from 150 to 283, the temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant decreased from –2500 ppm/°C to –1279 ppm/°C, and the dielectric loss decreased to 0.0007 at 1 MHz. Meanwhile, the bi-phase ceramics were investigated to achieve temperature stable ceramics with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. As the composition x varied from 0.4 to 0.7 for (1 – x)(Ba_0.8Pb_0.2)₅NdTi₃Ta₇O₃₀/xBi₄Ti₃O₁₂, the temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant changed from negative to zero to positive.     

Hydrogenation induced transformation of paramagnetism to room-temperature ferromagnetism in co-doped TiO2 ceramics

Effects of Co _x Ti _1−x O _2−δ on the sinterability and the ferromagnetism properties of Co ₂sO ₃/TiO ₂ (0.0 < x < 0.06) ceramics are investigated in this paper. It is found that the Co-doped Ti O ₂ ceramics transform from paramagnetism to room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) after hydrogenation. With annealing temperatures at 600^∘ C and 1000^∘ C, these as-prepared samples present anatase and rutile structures respectively, which are analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD). After hydrogenation, the relation between temperature variations and the magnetic susceptibility for the hydrogenated samples were measured under zero-field-cooled and field-cooled conditions by using SQUID magnetometer. And the hysteresis loops are observed. These ferromagnetism resonance data suggest that the observed RTFM is at least partly due to the Cobalt nano-particles in our hydrogenated samples.     

Oxygen permeation properties and surface modification of acceptor-doped CeO2/MnFe2O4 composites

The preparation and oxygen permeation properties of the (Ce_0.8Pr_0.2)O_2−δ − x vol% MnFe₂O₄ composites, where x = 0 to 35, have been investigated. The samples were prepared by the Pechini method. In the case of Ce_0.8Pr_0.2O_2−δ, an oxygen flux density of 6 μmol⋅cm⁻²⋅s⁻¹ (L = 0.0247 cm) and the maximum methane conversion of 50% were attained at 1000^∘C. Unlike composites consisting of Gd-doped CeO₂ and MnFe₂O₄, the oxygen permeability of the (Ce_0.8Pr_0.2)O_2−δ – x vol% MnFe₂O₄ composites was almost constant regardless of the volume fraction of MnFe₂O₄; however, the optimum volume fraction of MnFe₂O₄ was determined to be 5 to 25 in the context of the chemical and mechanical stabilities under methane conversion atmosphere. In addition, the surface modification of the (Ce_0.8Gd_0.2)O_2−δ – 15 vol% MnFe₂O₄ composite was performed by using the FePt nanoparticles. The catalyst loading of 2.8 mg/cm² on the both side of the 0.3 mm-thick (Ce_0.8Gd_0.2)O_2−δ – 15vol% MnFe₂O₄ composite increased the oxygen flux density from 0.30 to 0.76 μmol⋅cm⁻²⋅s⁻¹ in the case of He/air gradients; however, the effect seems to be reduced in the case of high oxygen flux density caused by a large pO₂ gradient. Moreover, the Langmuir-Blodgett film of the FePt nanoparticles were successfully prepared on the tape-cast (Ce_0.8Gd_0.2)O_2−δ – 15vol% MnFe₂O₄ composite. Hydrophobic treatments for the surface of the composite were crucial to achieve high transfer ratio for the deposition of the LB film.