载银氧化物抗菌材料的制备及性能

研究了以SiO2、CaO、Al2O3为载体的银型无机抗菌材料的制备工艺及性能。试验结果表明,所制备的无机抗菌材料具有良好的抗菌性能,最小抑菌浓度MIC值均为7.5×10-5(对大肠杆菌、黄色葡萄球菌);在安全性方面,对大、小白鼠的急性经口毒性的LD50>10000mg/kg,亚急性毒性试验的无异常、无作用的量为100mg/kg·d;以CaO为载体的抗菌材料,银离子的较佳掺入量为4%～8%,较佳的烧结温度范围为1000～1200℃。     

载银TiO2无机抗菌剂的制备及性能研究

采用TiO2 为载体的银型无机抗菌材料的制备工艺及性能,所制备的无机抗菌材料具有良好的抗菌性能及安全性能,其中对大、小白鼠的急性经口毒性的LD50 > 10000mg/kg,急性经皮肤毒性的 LD50 >3000mg/kg;银盐的较佳掺入量为0.5%~3%,较佳的煅烧温度范围为800~1200℃。     

载银ZrO2无机抗菌剂的制备及性能研究

以ZrO2为载体、银离子为抗菌成分制备无机抗菌材料,并对所制备的抗菌材料的抗菌性能及安全性能进行了分析检测,结果表明:在银盐的掺入量为1%～3%,烧结温度为600～1000℃时,所制备的样品对大肠杆菌及金黄葡萄球菌的MIC值均小于75×10-6;对大、小白鼠的急性经口毒性的LD50＞10000mg/kg,急性经皮肤毒性的LD50＞3000mg/kg.     

强力安全的无机抗菌功能材料

通过对无机抗菌材料的载体、抗菌金属离子及制备工艺的研究,获得了抗菌率高且又安全的系列无机抗菌材料,其中有能耐１３５０℃高温的无机抗菌材料．试验表明,该无机抗菌材料对大肠杆菌、黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度ＭＩＣ值均为７５ｐｐｍ,对大、小白鼠的急性经口毒性的 ＬＤ_５０＞１００００ｍｇ／ｋｇ,亚急性毒性试验的无异常、无作用的量为 １００ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ．     

铜-镥无机抗菌材料的制备研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出含镥铜型无机抗菌材料。通过单因素实验得到较佳的制备条件,运用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对制备出来的铜-镥无机抗菌材料进行表征;并对不同条件下制备出的材料进行比较。结果表明,在Lu3+浓度为0.005mol/L,反应时间为1h,反应温度为90℃的条件下所制备的材料,结构松散,分散性好;粒径分布为3～6μm,且均一。     

抗菌聚丙烯板的制备与性能

目的 制备一种具有抗菌性能的聚丙烯塑料板.方法 以乙酸铜(Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O)和乙酸锌(Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O)为原料,通过固相反应,生成铜(Cu)接枝在纳米氧化锌(ZnO)上制成Cu/ZnO无机抗菌材料.将抗菌材料与聚丙烯粒料共混、造粒和模压成型制得抗菌聚丙烯板.对Cu/ZnO无机抗菌材料和抗菌聚丙烯板进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP)、抗菌实验和拉伸、弯曲强度测试,对材料的化学组成、结晶性、抗菌性、力学性能和安全性能进行表征分析.结果 采用抗菌母粒法制备的抗菌聚丙烯板,将抗菌剂分散均匀,抗菌剂的加入没有改变聚丙烯的化学结构.由于界面作用的存在,聚丙烯结晶温度升高,对熔融温度影响不大.力学性能测试表明,抗菌剂的加入使得聚丙烯板拉伸强度略有下降,弯曲强度呈现先上升后下降趋势;当抗菌剂质量分数为4％时,抗菌聚丙烯板具有最佳力学强度,且在此浓度下,抗菌聚丙烯对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率均达到99.99％.金属离子在发挥抗菌作用时,迁移量远远低于欧盟规定允许的最大迁移量.结论 将通过固相反应制备的无机抗菌剂添加至聚丙烯粒料中制成抗菌聚丙烯板,将其进一步加工制成的果蔬周转箱可以有效减少箱体在运输中受到污染,如自身发霉长菌等现象,证明该材料具备食品包装的安全性.     

无机粉体抗菌材料的研究进展

无机抗菌剂由于其独特的性能而成为当前抗菌材料领域的研究开发热点.本文对无机抗菌剂的分类、制备方法、抗菌机理及应用进行了综述,并结合应用现状讨论了无机粉体抗菌材料的发展前景及存在的问题.     

Cu2+磁性壳聚糖印迹粒子的制备及对Cu2+的吸附

采用一步共沉淀法和离子印迹技术,制备了Fe3O4-壳聚糖(Fe3O4-CTS)印迹粒子。通过X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱,振动样品磁强计、热重分析、Zeta电位等手段对Fe3O4-CTS印迹粒子及对比粒子进行结构和性能表征。研究了pH、吸附剂的量、Cu2+初始浓度、吸附时间及温度等不同因素对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,对于印迹粒子,pH=6,吸附时间为4 h,为较理想的吸附条件;当溶液中Cu2+的质量浓度为120 mg/g,吸附剂的质量为50 mg时,吸附基本达到了平衡,单位吸附量约为21.304 mg/g。     

无机/有机PMMA复合材料最新研究进展

无机/有机PMMA复合材料以其优异的性能越来越受到人们的关注。综述了SiO2/PMMA复合材料、TiO2/PMMA复合材料、Fe3O4/PMMA复合材料、ZrO2/PMMA复合材料及水滑石/PMMA等复合材料的制备方法及性能,并对无机/有机PMMA复合材料的发展进行了展望。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备无机纳米/聚酰亚胺杂化膜及其表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2及A12O3溶胶,并将其掺入到聚酰胺酸基体中,得到无机纳米SiO2-Al2O3/聚酰亚胺杂化膜,并对其结构性能进行了研究.实验表明,薄膜材料中无机纳米SiO2和Al2O3粒子分散均匀,与有机相存在键合;材料热分解温度有所提高.     

抗菌材料的发展及其应用

介绍了抗菌材料的抗菌原理、方法和抗菌剂的种类及其应用状况。     

载银羟基磷灰石抗菌织物的研究

通过硝酸钙和磷酸钠水溶液反应合成了磷灰石纳米浆料，并进一步制备出载银羟基磷灰石粉料。用透射电镜、红外光谱仪和转靶X射线衍射仪对载银羟基磷灰石进行了形貌和物相等分析，用原子吸收光谱仪测定了载银羟基磷灰石粉料Ag^ 含量，并利用后整理法加工出载银羟基磷灰石抗菌织物，对载银羟基磷灰石粉料和织物均进行了抗菌效果的测试。结果表明，载银羟基磷灰石粉料和织物均有很强的抑菌效果，市场应用前景十分广阔。     

抗菌保鲜膜研究及进展

抗菌材料能杀死或抑制食品在加工、储运和处理过程中存留于表面的微生物,延长食品的货架期和安全性.综述了抗菌保鲜膜的研究进展,介绍了抗菌保鲜膜的相关概念、国内外研究现状、制备及发展趋势.希望对今后抗菌保鲜膜的进一步研发起到一定的作用.     

LC-MS法测定动物源性食品中抗生素残留的不确定度评定

液相色谱-质谱联用法测定动物源性食品中抗生素类化合物的不确定度来源,主要有样品处理过程引入的不确定度、标准曲线拟合引入的不确定度、重复性测量引入的不确定度等.本文对各不确定度量进行了评定,计算了合成不确定度和扩展不确定度.     

Supercritical Antisolvent Process Applied to the Pharmaceutical Industry

Pharmaceutical preparations are the final product of a technological process that gives the drugs the characteristics appropriate for easy administration, proper dosage, and enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy. The design of pharmaceutical preparations in nanoparticulate form has emerged as a new strategy for drug delivery (Pasquali, Bettini, and Giordano, 2006 Pasquali , I. , R. Bettini , and F. Giordano . 2006 . Solid-state chemistry and particle engineering with supercritical fluids in pharmaceutics . Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 27 : 299 – 310 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Particle size (PS) and particle size distribution (PSD) are critical parameters that determine the rate of dissolution of the drug in the biological fluids and, hence, have a significant effect on the bioavailability of those drugs that have poor solubility in water, for which the dissolution is the rate-limiting step in the absorption process (Perrut, Jung, and Leboeuf, 2005 Perrut , M. , J. Jung , and F. Leboeuf . 2005 . Enhancement of dissolution rate of poorly-soluble active ingredients by supercritical fluid processes: Part I: Micronization of neat particles . Int. J. Pharm. 288 : 3 – 10 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Van Nijlen et al., 2003 Van Nijlen , T., G. Van Den Mooter , R. Kinget , P. Augustijns , N. Blaton , and K. Brennan . 2003 . Improvement of the dissolution rate of artemisinin by means of supercritical fluid technology and solid dispersions . Int. J. Pharm. 254 : 173 – 181 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Supercritical antisolvent (SAS) processes have been widely used to precipitate active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) (Chattopadhyay and Gupta, 2001 Chattopadhyay , P. , and R. B. Gupta . 2001 . Production of antibiotic nanoparticles using supercritical CO₂ as antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40 : 3530 – 3539 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Rehman et al., 2001 Rehman , M. , B. Y. Shekunov , P. York , and P. Colthorpe . 2001 . Solubility and precipitation of nicotinic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide . J. Pharm. Sci. 90 : 1570 – 1582 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) with a high level of purity, suitable dimensional characteristics, narrow PSD, and spherical morphologies. The SAS process is based on the particular properties of the supercritical fluids (SCFs). These fluids have diffusivities two orders of magnitude larger than those of liquids, resulting in a faster mass transfer rate SCF properties (solvent power and selectivity) can be also adjusted continuously by altering the experimental conditions (temperature and pressure). As a consequence, SCFs can be removed from the process by a simple change from the supercritical to room conditions, which avoids difficult post-treatments of waste liquid streams. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) at supercritical conditions, among all possible SCFs, is largely used because of its relatively low critical temperature (31.1°C) and pressure (73.8 bar), low toxicity, and low cost. In this article, we show some results about processed antibiotics (ampicillin and amoxicillin), two of the world's most widely prescribed antibiotics, when they are dissolved in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and carbon dioxide is used as antisolvent.     

Ternary novel TiO2/MgBi2O6/Bi2O3 nanocomposites with n-n-p heterojunctions: Impressive visible-light-triggered photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

A series of novel ternary TiO₂/MgBi₂O₆/Bi₂O₃ nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The ternary nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, PL, EIS, Photocurrent, UV–vis DRS, BET, XPS, Raman, and FT-IR analyses. The photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ for the degradation of tetracycline antibiotic after combining with MgBi₂O₆/Bi₂O₃ was significantly improved, which is 46.1 and 18.5 times higher than pristine TiO₂ and MgBi₂O₆/Bi₂O₃ photocatalysts, respectively. Furthermore, the ternary photocatalyst efficiently degraded MO, RhB, and MB dye pollutants, which is 22.5, 30.4, and 30.0 as high as TiO₂ and 11.2, 14.4, and 17.8 folds larger than MgBi₂O₆/Bi₂O₃ photocatalysts, respectively. The photoluminescence and electrochemical analyses confirmed promoted separation and facile transfer of the charges thanks to construction of n-n-p heterojunctions among n-TiO₂, n-MgBi₂O₆, and p-Bi₂O₃ components and more production of charge carriers due to integration of small band gap MgBi₂O₆ and Bi₂O₃ components with wide band gap TiO₂.     

分离膜中的新成员——纳滤膜及其在制药工业中的应用

介绍了“纳滤膜”名称的由来，该膜的分离机理和性能，简述了纳滤技术在发酵医药产品生产中液体分离方面的几例应用     

Testing the optimality properties of a dual antibiotic treatment in a two-locus,two-allele model

Mathematically speaking, it is self-evident that the optimal control of complex, dynamical systems with many interacting components cannot be achieved with ‘non-responsive’ control strategies that are constant through time. Although there are notable exceptions, this is usually how we design treatments with antimicrobial drugs when we give the same dose and the same antibiotic combination each day. Here, we use a frequency- and density-dependent pharmacogenetics mathematical model based on a standard, two-locus, two-allele representation of how bacteria resist antibiotics to probe the question of whether optimal antibiotic treatments might, in fact, be constant through time. The model describes the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of different sub-populations of the bacterium Escherichia coli that compete for a single limiting resource in a two-drug environment. We use in vitro evolutionary experiments to calibrate and test the model and show that antibiotic environments can support dynamically changing and heterogeneous population structures. We then demonstrate, theoretically and empirically, that the best treatment strategies should adapt through time and constant strategies are not optimal.