某型号板式换热器的性能测试与分析

搭建板式换热器性能测试平台,利用等流速法对某型号板式换热器进行测试,获得该型号板式换热器的流量、温度以及的压力等参数。采用Origin 9.1通过线性回归的方法对测试结果拟合分析,最终得到该型号板式换热器的换热准则关联式和欧拉准则方程,为板式换热器的性能研究提供参考。     

超流氦低温系统板式换热器的设计与优化

负压换热器是超流氦低温系统的关键部件。通过设计和优化，将板式换热器应用于液氦温区。采用分布参数微元法建立了变物性参数换热器传热模型，基于该模型编写了板式换热器的设计与校核计算程序。以换热器效能、负压侧压降和换热器体积为目标进行了量纲分析，确定了人字波纹板片的优化参数。随后采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行了多目标优化，以换热器体积最小为前提做出了板式换热器选型。最终得到了三种优化后的设计方案，研制了板式换热器样机。通过分析换热器性能随热流体流道数的变化规律，解释了换热器设计效能偏高的原因。     

冷氦换热器数值建模及性能仿真研究

采用基于集总参数法的AMESim仿真软件对某型号运载火箭冷氦换热器进行建模,模型考虑了管外的高温燃气凝结换热、管内的强制对流换热及换热管沿轴向、径向的导热。在此基础上,开展了冷氦换热器的单元无关性分析、换热器性能仿真及参数影响性分析。仿真模型有效性通过搭载发动机地面试车试验数据进行验证。计算结果表明:仿真模型能较好地模拟冷氦换热器的性能,且随着冷氦进口温度升高,出口温度也基本线性递增;随着冷氦流量增大,出口温度逐渐降低,而工作压力对换热器性能影响较小。     

现代大型氮液化流程

提出了建立在透平压缩机和透平膨胀机及中压板式换热器基础上的、并带有冷冻机预冷系统的大型氮液化流程。并针对这种流程,较全面地分析了循环压力、预冷温度及膨胀机参数对流程经济性的影响,提出了这种流程优化设计思想和方法。图6参3。     

小通道钎焊板式冷凝器性能仿真与实验研究

本文针对当量直径为1.5 mm的小通道钎焊板式冷凝器的换热和压降特性进行了仿真和实验研究。采用有限体积法建立了一维稳态分布参数模型,对R134a和R1234yf两种制冷剂在板间冷凝换热的性能进行仿真模拟,并对模型进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:本文所建立的仿真模型精度较高,换热性能平均误差为4%,压降平均误差为16%,可用于分析换热器的整体性能。最后用此模型仿真对比了R134a和R1234yf在小通道钎焊板式换热器内的冷凝换热特性,结果显示,在相同工况下,用R1234yf替代R134a,传热系数平均下降9%,压降平均下降8%。     

空气源热泵冷（热）水机组的逆循环除霜性能研究

针对空气源热泵冷热水机组的逆循环除霜进行试验研究,得到除霜时系统参数随时间的变化规律。研究发现,在启动阶段,吸气压力很低,延长了除霜时间;在恢复阶段,由于板式换热器的内容积较小和制冷剂的流量较大,导致高压压力突然剧烈上升,可能造成高压保护停机;在融霜阶段,板式换热器的换热系数和温差很大,压缩机吸气一直处于高过热度状态。     

板换换热与压降关联式遗传算法参数辨识

针对板换的换热及压降关联式适用范围窄的缺点，在分析板换传热和压力损失原理的基础上，建立板式换热器分布参数模型，借鉴已有的换热和压降关联式，并以关联式中的系数为优化辨识变量，以换热器特性参数模拟值与试验值相对偏差为优化目标函数，采用遗传算法进行优化计算，获得待辨识参数的值，得到新的换热和压降关联式，通过与已有的较高精度关联式和试验数据的比较，证明所获得的关联式具有较高的精度，通过遗传算法参数辨识获得板换换热及压降关联式是一种行之有效的关联式获取方法。     

换热器能效一体化检测方法研究

针对工业换热器能效测试费时耗力的问题,提出了一种新型在役换热器能效一体化检测方法,分别从流量、温度、压力检测以及数据处理等方面介绍了该检测方法的设备装置以及技术指标。通过与现有换热器能效检测技术相比,该方法可在线不停产对工业在役管壳式和板式换热器能效进行有效检测,在工业换热器节能方面具有明显的应用价值。     

板式蒸发器换热性能的数值模拟Ⅰ:数学模型

采用分布参数法对波纹型多通道单流程板式蒸发器建立数学模型,通过计算局部蒸发换热系数和摩擦压降可以简化板式蒸发器内复杂三维流动的换热关系.总结了文献已有的各种换热和压降关联式,并添加到模型控制方程组中.基于此模型,可对目前应用较广的R134a和R410A制冷荆的板式蒸发器在小换热温差下的换热性能进行研究.     

双级螺杆式制冷机组油冷却控制系统的改进

对双级螺杆式制冷机组油冷却控制系统及油冷却负荷进行分析计算,发现热力膨胀阀冷冻能力与不同工况的实际运行情况无法匹配是造成板式换热器板片温度大幅波动的主要原因。试验证明该温度波动造成板式换热器热疲劳。采用对电子膨胀阀开度进行自动调节的PID控制系统,换热器板片温度的波动幅度大幅降低,油温稳定在设定目标值,符合设计与使用要求。此控制方式特别适用于多变量、非线性和不断变化的系统。     

翅片式蒸发器换热性能的数学模型

本文采用分布参数法对翅片式蒸发器建立了数学模型，通过计算局部换热系数和摩擦压降来简化翅片式蒸发器内复杂的三维流动关系，总结了文献已有的换热系数和摩擦压降的关联式，并添加到模型控制方程中，基于此模型，可对制冷剂在翅片式蒸发器中应用的换热性能进行模拟研究。     

板式蒸发器换热性能的数值模拟Ⅱ:结果及分析

在已建立的数学模型的基础上,对板式蒸发器换热能力进行了数值模拟.针对应用较广的R134a和R410A制冷剂来比较和分析板式蒸发器在小的温差下的换热性能.在三种不同的计算工况下简要分析了各种热力参数的变化对蒸发器整体换热性能的影响.不同的制冷剂,其换热系数和压降差别较大,相同工况下采用R410A替代R22,板式蒸发器的换热性能可提高8.5%～10.0%,且压降可大幅降低.     

部分负荷下板式蒸发器换热性能的实验研究

针对目前制冷系统大部分时间都在部分负荷状态下工作和板式蒸发器换热性能研究较少的这些情况,本文对部分负荷下板式蒸发器的换热系数进行了研究。通过实验和计算,得出了低流速下板式蒸发器换热系数、制冷剂侧换热系数随水流速的变化关系,为板式蒸发器的设计和选型提供了参考。     

低温CPL平板型蒸发器针肋阵列结构传热数值模拟

为了使平板型蒸发器散热表面非均匀的热负荷传导至蒸发器吸液芯层时形成较均匀的温度场,提出了一种针肋阵列结构的平板型蒸发器,并在绝热边界和对流边界情形下利用FLUENT软件对蒸发器的上端盖进行了传热数值模拟,结果显示针肋阵列结构不但能够满足将外界非均匀热流均匀化的要求,而且与采用普通无肋平板结构相比,能使蒸发器整体温度下降6 K左右,显著增强了蒸发器的传热能力.     

A numerical simulation model for plate-type, roll-bond evaporators

This study presents a first-principles mathematical model developed to investigate the thermal behavior of a plate-type, roll-bond evaporator. The refrigerated cabinet was also taken into account in order to supply the proper boundary conditions to the evaporator model. The mathematical model was based on the mass, momentum and energy conservation principles applied to each of the following domains: (i) refrigerant flow through the evaporator channels; (ii) heat diffusion in the evaporator plate; and (iii) heat transmission to the refrigerated cabinet. Empirical correlations were also required to estimate the shear stresses, and the internal and external heat transfer rates. The governing partial differential equations were discretized through the finite-volume approach and the resulting set of algebraic equations was solved by successive iterations. Validation of the model against experimental steady-state data showed a reasonable level of agreement: the cabinet air temperature and the evaporator cooling capacity were predicted within error bands of ±1.5 °C and ±6%, respectively.     

Numerical analysis of evaporation performance in a finned-tube heat exchanger

This study discusses the effects of the heat exchanger type, refrigerant, inner tube configuration, and fin geometry on evaporator performance by adopting updated correlations of EVSIM, a numerical analysis model based on the tube-by-tube method developed by Domanski. The heat exchanger types considered are the cross-counter flow type and cross-parallel flow type. The refrigerants considered for the numerical test as a working fluid are R-134a, R-410A and R-22. For inner tube configuration, enhanced tube and smooth tube cases are considered. For the air side evaporation performance, heat exchangers using plate fins, wavy fins and slit fins are analyzed. Results show that the heat transfer rate of the cross-counter flow type heat exchanger is 3% higher than that of the cross-parallel flow type with R-22. The total heat transfer rate of the evaporator using R-410A is higher than those using R-22 and R-134a, while the total pressure drop of R-410A is lower than those of R-22 and R-134a. The heat transfer rate of the evaporator using enhanced tubes is two times higher than that using smooth tubes, but the pressure drop of the enhanced tube is 45–50% higher than that of the smooth tubes. The evaporation performance of slit fins is superior to that of plate fins by 54%.     

大型速冻设备蒸发器高效传热技术的试验研究

不同结构型式蒸发器的传热系数不同,选择7种不同结构的蒸发器模型,分析比较翅片形状、管径大小以及管子排列方式对蒸发器传热系数的影响,得出在不结霜工况下,传热系数最高的蒸发器结构是连续整体带波纹翅片叉排变节距结构的结论。对这种结构的蒸发器进行试验测试,得到与理论计算相符的传热系数值。     

Measurement and prediction of heat transfer coefficient on ammonia flow boiling in a microfin plate evaporator

Thermal characteristics of ammonia flow boiling in a microfin plate evaporator are experimentally investigated. Titanium microfin heat transfer surface is manufactured to enhance boiling heat transfer. Longitudinally- and laterally-microfined surfaces are used and those performances are compared. Heat transfer coefficient of microfin plate evaporator is also compared with that of plain-surface plate evaporator. The effects of mass flux, heat flux, channel height, and saturation pressure on heat transfer coefficient are presented and discussed. The experiments are conducted for the range of mass flux (5 and 7.5 kg m⁻² s⁻¹), heat flux (10, 15, and 20 kW m⁻²), channel height (1, 2, and 5 mm), and saturation pressure (0.7 and 0.9 MPa). Heat transfer coefficient is compared with that predicted by available empirical correlations proposed by other researchers. Modified correlations using Lockhart-Martinelli parameter to predict heat transfer coefficient are developed and they cover more than 87% of the experimental data.     

Experimental evaluation of an ejector as liquid re-circulator in an overfeed NH3 system with a plate evaporator

This paper deals with the experimental performance evaluation of an ejector, linked to a manual expansion valve, working as a liquid re-circulator component in an overfeed NH₃ plate evaporator. The evaporator was tested in a single stage system belonging to a cascade refrigeration system prototype. The evaporator is an ALFANOVA HP76 plate heat exchanger with 50 plates. A Phillips ejector with a 1/2″ diameter throat and 1.4 mm diameter nozzle was used. The recirculation rate was experimentally determined for different operating conditions. Experimental data are reported for volumetric flow rate at the manual expansion valve inlet from 0.8 to 1.6 l min⁻¹, evaporating pressure from 0.14 to 0.22 MPa and condensing pressure from 0.85 to 1 MPa. The experimental result showed recirculation rates between 2 and 4. The evaporating capacity varied from 9.48 kW to 18.37 kW. In addition, another two nozzles were tested and the results are also presented and discussed.     

异形竖板传热元件壁面温度的精确测量

结合异形竖板降膜蒸发器，研究了异形竖板传热元件壁面温度的测量方法。从整个测温系统入手，分别阐述了测温元件的选择、热电偶的焊接及敷设等方法；并给出一种测量非等温场望面平均温度时，对称互补式热电偶敷设的新方法。达到了准确测量壁面温度的目的，对异形竖板降膜蒸发器的传热理论研究具有重要的意义。