洋河水库藻类增长实验分析

洋河水库的藻类增长潜力试验表明:增加氮营养盐浓度能促进藻类生长,增加磷营养盐浓度能很明显促进藻类生长。表明洋河水库水体氮营养盐已近饱和,磷成为富养化的限制性因子。     

洋河水库藻类增长实验分析

洋河水库的藻类增长潜力试验表明：增加氮营养盐浓度能促进藻类生长，增加磷营养盐浓度能很明显促进藻类生长。表明洋河水库水体氮营养盐己近饱和，磷成为富养化的限制性因子。     

流速对藻类生长影响的试验研究

水华的发生除与营养盐、光照等条件有关外,还和水体的流速等水文条件有关.以故宫筒子河为例,分析了推流技术对水体水华的抑制效果,证明增加水体流速可以在一定程度上抑制水华.在此基础上介绍了水体流速对藻类生长影响的试验研究,探讨了水体流速与藻类生长的关系.     

三峡水库蓄水后水文特性和污染因素分析

根据2003年10月和2004年4月的三峡库区调查,三峡水库二期蓄水后的流速、流量、水深都发生了变化,干流流速为0.13～0.24 m/s,远低于天然河道状态下2 m/s的平均流速;支流回水段流速普遍低于0.05 m/s,远低于天然状况下1～3 m/s的平均流速.总磷浓度为0.063～0.098 mg/L;总氮浓度为1.10～1.85 mg/L.从营养盐单因子考虑,国际上一般认为,当水体中总磷、总氮浓度分别达到0.02 mg/L和0.20 mg/L这一临界值时,水体就有可能出现富营养化现象.对三峡库区的研究结果表明:河流型水体为贫营养状态,过渡型水体为中营养状态,部分湖泊型水体为富营养状态,三峡水库存在着发生藻类异常繁殖的"水华"现象的可能.     

汉丰湖水体富营养化控制水量调度方案

为探究汉丰湖水量调度对库区水动力及水体富营养化的影响,基于2014年汉丰湖实测流量、水位和水质数据构建了MIKE21二维水动力和对流扩散模型,以实测流速、TN和TP浓度验证了模型的准确性,利用该模型模拟了7种调度方案下库区流速、TN和TP浓度分布情况,并对各模拟方案的运行情况进行了比较。结果表明,大流量的水量调度方式能有效提高库区水体流速,在较短时间内降低调节坝断面的TN、TP浓度,但实现整个库区营养盐浓度的降低需要保证一定的调度时间。     

水动力条件下蓝藻水华生消的模拟实验研究与探讨

蓝藻水华是当今世界共同面临的重大水污染问题之一。通过室内模拟实验,在温度、光照、初始pH值和营养盐等基本条件相同的前提下,模拟水流流速分别为10、20、30、40 cm/s时铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)水华的产生与消亡过程。实验表明,在10~40 cm/s流速区间里藻类生长周期随流速增大而变长,藻类最大现存量在40 cm/s流速下最大,在10 cm/s流速下最小,流速为30 cm/s时藻类比增率最大,较适合藻类生存,在整个水华暴发过程中水体氮磷营养浓度呈下降趋势,水体的pH、DO和Ec变化不大。     

广东省茂名地区各类型水库水生态环境状况及影响因子分析

根据2019年至2020年间对茂名地区7座不同大小类型水库富营养状况的调查结果,选取水文、营养盐和浮游植物等指标,对该地区水库的水体质量、富营养化和浮游植物进行评价.结果表明:各类水库的水文情势、营养盐环境均有所差异,导致水质现状和浮游植物组成的响应也有所差别,其中小型水库浮游植物群落组成的变化差异性明显.因此,需根据...     

湖库水体常见蓝藻水华成因分析 ——以江西省2个典型水体为例

蓝藻水华的暴发受水温、营养盐及其自身生理特性等多种因素影响.江西省湖泊水库众多,且各自的水生态环境特点差异较大,为了解江西湖库蓝藻暴发成因,本研究选取柘林水库(柘林湖)和共青城西南湖作为典型研究对象进行了水生态环境调查分析,结果表明:两水体的藻类组成繁杂多样,且以蓝绿藻为主要优势种,当地气候条件较适合藻类生长;具有滤食性和捕食藻类的大型底栖动物和大型浮游动物的数量比例过少;水生维管束植物覆盖度过低,水体营养盐适宜,来源稳定、充足,加上江西地区富含微量元素的土壤地质条件,上述因素均将导致该地区水体蓝藻水华较易发生,应针对性加以防范治理.     

水库型水源地浮游植物不同种类季节演替动态模拟研究

针对水库型水源地——金泽水库运行初期的水生态环境特点并结合浮游植物调查结果,基于Mike3软件的Ecolab模块二次开发,构建了可描述硅藻、蓝藻、绿藻3种不同藻类以及沉水植物、浮游动物、碎屑等在水体中相互作用过程的生态动力学模型,模型经验证与实测资料吻合较好。对不同种类浮游植物随季节的动态变化过程进行模拟,结果表明：金泽水库运行初期浮游植物不同种类季节演替表现为春季以硅藻、绿藻为主,8—9月蓝藻大量增殖,10月蓝藻生物量快速回落后以绿藻和硅藻为主的特点;浮游植物生物量在春季(4—5月)和秋季(8—9月)有两个峰值,且春季峰值高于秋季,冬季生物量最低,温度是影响金泽水库浮游植物群落生消演替的重要环境因子。浮游植物生物量的空间分布表明,不同库区的流速和光照条件差异对浮游植物群落的空间分布起到重要的作用,同时,库区沉水植物和浮游植物生长的竞争关系以及沉水植物的克藻效应有效抑制了浮游植物的增殖。     

沙源区水库氮磷营养盐时空分布与相关性分析

为揭示典型沙源区水库水体氮磷等营养盐时空分布特征和相关性,以大河口水库为研究区,布置5个监测断面,对水库水质进行采样分析,结果表明:受风沙降尘、上游河流水质和库区底泥影响,在时间分布上,4月水体解冻至6月,各检测断面TN、TP等营养盐浓度总体呈明显持续升高趋势;在空间分布上,从入库口A-A断面和B-B断面至出库EE断面TN、TP浓度逐渐降低;在垂向分布上,水库表层水体和底层水体氮磷浓度高于中层水体;TN、TP在水库中的变化规律一致,呈一定比例存在于水库中;温度是影响TN、TP浓度变化的重要因子;藻类的生长对TN和TP起抑制作用;水库中TN、TP的变化与DO含量基本无关。     

丹江口库湾浮游植物群落与环境因子关系研究

为掌握丹江口库湾富营养化状况,确保南水北调中线水源安全,于2017年分季节对丹江口库湾浮游植物群落结构和14项水文水环境因子进行了4次监测,并运用相关分析、冗余分析(RDA)等多元统计方法定量分析了浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系。监测发现,丹江口水库共鉴定出浮游植物7门57属,年均藻类密度4.89×10~6 cells/L,变幅2.73×10~6～6.87×10~6 cells/L。丹江口水库群落组成以硅藻、蓝藻和绿藻为主;结构变化规律为由春季的硅藻、蓝藻向夏季的绿藻、蓝藻和隐藻,以及秋、冬季的硅藻、隐藻和蓝藻转变。蓝藻门的束丝藻和隐藻门的隐藻为库湾四季的优势种。通过Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数和Pielou指数分析认为,夏季藻类多样性高,绿藻优势度高,冬季藻类多样性相对较低,种群数量差异不显著。根据综合营养状态指数评价的结果可知,库湾富营养化程度处于中营养和富营养化水平,其中总氮贡献较大,总氮浓度范围在1.08～1.88 mg/L之间,均值为1.47 mg/L,磷为库湾富营养化的限制因子。RDA分析结果表明,除氮、磷营养盐外,温度、二氧化硅和电导率等也是影响库湾浮游植物群落分布的重要环境因子。     

湖、库富营养化机理研究综述

综述了湖、库富营养化机理研究现状,内容包括水体富营养化过程各主要因素间的相互关系及其表现:藻类增长限制因子,叶绿素a与总氮、总磷浓度的关系,"水华"发生的水文气象条件;富营养化过程的藻类表现:典型污染指示种、群落多样性及藻类生长潜力;湖泊生态系统健康概念与湖泊生态系统的物质循环理论。指出富营养化实质是生态失衡。     

乌江上游梯级水库水体富营养化研究

以乌江上游洪家渡、东风、索风营和乌江渡4座梯级水库为研究区域,于2007年开展了现场监测和调查,分别对4座水库富营养化状况和影响原因进行初步研究。结果表明:洪家渡水库枯水期为贫营养状态,丰水期为贫-中营养状态;东风和索风营水库枯、丰水期均为中营养状态;乌江渡水库枯、丰水期均为中-富营养状态。自上游至下游梯级水库水体富营养化程度趋于严重;梯级电站大坝阻隔引起的水动力条件变化,N、P等营养盐输入条件,网箱养殖,日照和水温条件均对库区富营养化状况产生了重要影响。     

Eutrophication vulnerability analysis: A case study

River Cavado water quality variability was studied for eutrophication vulnerability assessment at a new surface water supply intake. Since the river flow regime is artificially controlled by upstream multipurpose reservoirs, mathematical modelling was applied in evaluating alternative management scenarios. Due to the fact that surface water quality at intake location is mainly affected by a wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge 5 km upstream, algae and nutrients concentration simulations have been worked out in order to identify critical situations. Different algal concentration profiles along the river were obtained for local conditions of light energy, water temperature and estimated nutrient loads, showing high probability of eutrophication occurrence for some of the simulated scenarios. The discussion of results of this study appears to be very useful for river basin wide water management policies evaluation.     

Eutrophication, phytoplankton dynamics and nutrient removal in two man-made urban lakes (Palácio de Cristal and Serralves), Porto, Portugal

Urban lakes are prone to eutrophication because of a number of factors, including a high water residence time (slow flushing rate), and high nutrient loads from artificial feeding of waterfowl and fish by visitors and from waterfowl faeces, falling leaves and nutrient run‐off from adjacent areas. This study focuses on the ecology of two similar‐sized urban lakes in Porto, Portugal, that exhibit some differing characteristics conducive to different trophic states and nutrient removal efficiencies. Although similar in many aspects, the two reservoirs developed quite diverse phytoplankton communities. The higher nitrogen load to Palácio de Cristal Lake could be the result of the higher concentration in its underground influent stream, while a less‐oxidized nitrogen form (ammonia) is higher in Serralves Lake. Nitrate concentrations are higher in Palácio de Cristal Lake than in Serralves as a result mainly of high nitrate loads (maximum values above 80 mg L⁻¹) in its influent stream. Interestingly, however, its nitrate removal efficiency is greater than for Serralves Lake. Cyanobacteria are the dominal phytoplankton In both lakes throughout the year. However, only one genus of this group (Pseudoanabaena mucicola) was the dominant phytoplankton in Palácio de Cristal Lake, while five Cyanobacteria species co‐dominated in Serralves lake. Regular monitoring of Cyanobacteria and their toxins in urban recreation lakes is advised.     

基于浮游植物生物完整性指数的福建省水库健康状态评价

根据2021年夏季福建省24座重要饮用水水源地水库水生态调查结果,分析了浮游植物群落结构特征和水库营养状态,并采用浮游植物总密度、香农-维纳多样性指数和蓝藻门密度百分比3个生物参数构建浮游植物生物完整性指数(P-IBI)评价了沙溪口水库和东张水库的健康状态。结果表明:2021年福建省大部分水库的浮游植物群落结构以蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻为主,其中以蓝藻门为优势藻的水库占比为60.9%;综合营养状态指数范围为24.3~51.7,平均值为40.3,水库富营养化程度较低,但个别水库仍存在富营养化的风险;沙溪口水库P-IBI综合得分为79.7,处于健康状态,东张水库P-IBI综合得分为59.0,处于亚健康状态;P-IBI评价结果与《2021年福建省河湖健康评估蓝皮书》中的多指标评价方法的结果一致性较好,基于浮游植物生物完整性指数的评价方法具有有效性和适用性。     

长江流域水体富营养化演化驱动机制及防控对策

富营养化已成为长江流域河流、湖泊与水库面临的共性问题,基于近10 a来长江流域水质状况、营养物质含量、水文泥沙过程、富营养化评价指数等数据及相关历史文献,分析了长江流域水体富营养化现状及演化趋势,以典型河流、水库与湖泊为例,剖析了长江流域水体富营养化驱动机制。结果表明:①长江流域水体富营养化程度为河流水库湖泊,上游四川盆地与中游江汉平原是长江流域富营养化湖泊与水库的主要聚集区。②近10 a来,中度富营养化湖泊比例从2009年的31.3%增加至2018年的42.7%,水库营养水平正从中营养向轻度富营养快速发展。③长江流域水体营养充足,受闸坝建设运行影响,流速减缓、流量偏枯,水体交换慢与河湖连通性差是河流、水库与湖泊富营养化的重要驱动力。为防控水体富营养化,建议监测重要控制断面氮磷浓度与通量,加强农田灌溉退水与水产养殖废水排放管理,开展流域水、沙、营养物质耦合输送调控。     

Chemical, physical and biological characteristics of Saladito Reservoir, Cienfuegos Province, Cuba

Saladito Reservoir, located in Cienfuegos Province in Cuba, lies in an intermediate position between tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. Although Cuba only had 13 reservoirs before 1959, the government has constructed 229 reservoirs since that time, with a total storage capacity of 8.81 km³, administered by the National Hydraulic Resources Institute. In 1995, it was proposed to use waste water from the Swinish Farm to fertilize small reservoirs, providing nitrogen and phosphorus to increase primary production in the reservoirs as a means of facilitating high fish production levels. Saladito Reservoir, with a hydrographic basin of 34.5 km², a mean depth of 3.4 m and a water retention time of 2 years, was constructed as the final part of the wastewater treatment system for Swinish Farm in the Palmyra Municipality. The main objective of this study is to determine the level of eutrophication in the reservoir after it had received waste water from the Farm for 17 months, based on relevant biological (phytoplankton), chemical and physical indicators sampled at five stations on 22 and 23 May 1995. Based on the measured parameters, the concentration of dissolved salts was generally high, with calcium and bicarbonate being the dominant ions. The nitrite‐nitrogen and nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations were relatively low at the surface, increasing with depth, while the ammonium‐nitrogen concentrations were extremely high, likely related to the high organic content of the reservoir. The total phosphorus concentration also exhibited high values, indicating the possible existence of soluble phosphorus in a complex with iron, which would allow algae to assimilate it like phosphate. The water transparency, measured as Secchi disk, was 0.2 m at all sampling stations. The chlorophyll‐a concentration ranged from 111 µg L⁻¹ in the surface water to 50 µg L⁻¹ at the bottom depth. The phytoplankton cell counts identified 27 algal species contained in five classes. The dominant group was Cyanophyceae, with Oscillatoria sp. being the largest contribution to the reservoir biomass. Twenty‐seven taxa were present in the reservoir in concentrations of at least 1 mg m⁻³. The results of this study indicate that Saladito Reservoir is hyper‐eutrophic, based on its measured biomass (cell counts), and chlorophyll‐α, inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. The possible production of algal toxins from blue‐green algal growths also could be affecting the productivity of Saladito Reservoir.     

Combined effects of organic pollution and eutrophication in the South para reservoirs,South Australia

Preliminary results of a comparative limnological study of three Mediterranean reservoirs in South Australia from August 1995 until March 1996 am presented. The reservoirs are characterised by meso- to eutrophic and dystrophic conditions. Dynamics and interactions between DOC, SRP and phytoplankton biomass were investigated regarding differences in mixing conditions, water levels and catchment links of the reservoirs. A scenario analysis was conducted to predict effects of artificial aeration and DOC removal in the Barossa reservoir. Results indicate positive and negative feedbacks between organic pollution and eutrophication such as nutrient limitation by organic complexation of phosphorus, light limitation of phytoplankton growth by water colour and DOC release after phytoplankton breakdowns. Orientation of further research and management options are discussed.