核电设备用SA738Gr.B复合钢板的爆炸焊接试验研究

为了开发高强核电压力容器用复合钢板,实现核电设备压力容器关键部件国产化,对核电设备用SA738Gr.B复合钢板的爆炸焊接和热处理工艺进行了研究,通过试验验证了爆炸焊接理论参数的正确性,对爆炸焊接后的核电设备用SA738Gr.B复合钢板提出了合理的正火和回火工艺,从而实现了核电设备用SA738Gr.B复合钢板各项力学指标...     

核电设备用SA738Gr.B复合钢板的爆炸焊接试验研究

为了开发高强核电压力容器用复合钢板,实现核电设备压力容器关键部件国产化,对核电设备用SA738Gr.B复合钢板的爆炸焊接和热处理工艺进行了研究,通过试验验证了爆炸焊接理论参数的正确性,对爆炸焊接后的核电设备用SA738Gr.B复合钢板提出了合理的正火和回火工艺,从而实现了核电设备用SA738Gr.B复合钢板各项力学指标的最优化。     

埋弧自动焊现场焊接SA516-70钢制压力容器

分析了SA516- 70钢的焊接性 ,并对其进行了焊接性试验和焊接工艺评定 ,采取有效措施防止了焊接裂纹的产生。在安装现场按照美国ASME锅炉压力容器规范的要求用埋弧自动焊成功地焊接了SA516- 70钢制造的大型压力容器。     

LNG储罐中9%Ni钢埋弧自动横焊的探讨

结合2万m3LNG低温储罐的建造,通过大量的调研分析、比较和试验,介绍了大型LNG低温储罐中9%Ni钢的焊接技术,对9%Ni钢埋弧自动横焊的焊接设备以及焊接工艺进行了分析,并采用交流方波焊接电源进行了试验,解决了9%Ni钢埋弧自动横焊中容易出现的低温韧性降低、热裂纹、冷裂纹以及磁偏吹等问题,并且降低了劳动强度,提高了生产效率,对具体工程施工具有很大的实用价值。     

基于插销试验的10NiSCrMoV钢焊接冷裂纹敏感性分析

测定了10Ni8CrMoV钢在4种焊接工艺条件下的插销临界断裂应力和焊接热循环参数,并结合插销断口微观组织观察,综合分析了该钢的焊接冷裂纹敏感性并得出了相应临界断裂应力预测公式.研究结果表明,10Ni8CrMoV钢具有较强的焊接冷裂纹敏感性,提高预热温度及后热均显著降低其焊接冷裂纹敏感性,临界应力预测公式与小铁研试验结果吻合较好.     

基于插销试验的10Ni8CrMoV钢焊接冷裂纹敏感性分析

测定了10Ni8CrMoV钢在4种焊接工艺条件下的插销临界断裂应力和焊接热循环参数,并结合插销断口微观组织观察,综合分析了该钢的焊接冷裂纹敏感性并得出了相应临界断裂应力预测公式。研究结果表明,10Ni8CrMoV钢具有较强的焊接冷裂纹敏感性,提高预热温度及后热均显著降低其焊接冷裂纹敏感性,临界应力预测公式与小铁研试验结果吻合较好。     

随焊激冷防止焊接热裂纹新方法的研究

从焊接力学角度提出了随焊激冷防止焊接裂纹的新方法，阐明了随焊激冷防止焊接热裂纹的机理，并就随焊接冷参数对焊接热裂纹的作用进行了研究。通过测量近缝区两点在焊接过程中位移的实时变化过程，验证了随焊激冷防止焊接热裂纹的新方法。     

WEL-TEN 62CF钢冷裂性能分析

本文对WEL-TEN 62CF高强钢进行了碳当量和冷裂敏感系数分析计算、热影响区最高硬度试验、斜Y坡口焊接裂纹试验和十字接头焊接裂纹试验等一系列焊接试验。从冷裂倾向上分析62CF钢选用日铁L-62CF焊条,采用手工电弧焊时,焊接接头的冷裂敏感性,确定焊接时是否需要预热。通过冷裂敏感性试验,说明62CF高强钢即使在不预热的情况下,冷裂倾向都较小,但预热可降低焊接接头的硬度,有利于提高焊接接头的抗裂性能。     

淬火态20Cr钢与B级铸钢焊接接头冷热裂纹敏感性分析

为确保20Cr钢与B级铸钢之间具有良好的焊接性,采用不同焊接工艺进行淬火态20Cr钢与B级铸钢焊接试验,并对其焊接性进行冷热裂纹敏感性试验分析。结果表明:用J502,J506,A302焊条及ER50-6焊丝焊接淬火态20Cr钢定位销与B级铸钢轴箱体是可行的,其焊接接头具有良好的抗冷、热裂性能,但是焊接时要严格控制焊接规范。     

镍基合金喷焊层的组织特征及其对焊接裂纹敏感性的影响

利用火焰喷焊技术制备了镍基合金喷焊层，采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了其组织特征，初步分析了该组织特征对喷焊层焊接裂纹敏感性的影响。结果表明，整个喷焊层由较细小的等轴晶组成，这有利于降低其焊接裂纹敏感性。喷焊层表层和基体界面处的晶粒比中部稍大，而晶界宽度则较小。传统喷焊工艺重熔不充分导致气孔比较严重，增加了焊接时的裂纹敏感性。     

30CrMnSi钢CO2焊接冶金缺陷形成机制研究

目的 解决30CrMnSi钢焊接性差,用CO2气体保护焊接时易产生裂纹、气孔等缺陷的问题。方法 通过刚性拘束焊接裂纹试验模拟某型飞机后边条盒段在实际焊接过程中母材所受到的拘束,针对焊接裂纹类型及形态,确定焊接裂纹的形成机制。同时,对焊缝中的气孔进行了分析。结果 接头中容易产生冷裂纹,在高应力条件下,应力集中发生在微裂纹尖端,最终在氢的影响下开裂。结论 采用能量密度比较集中的TIG焊替代原来采用的CO2气体保护焊有利于减少或消除气孔缺陷。可以通过优化结构设计和焊接次序,降低应力集中,来减轻焊接热作用对裂纹敏感性的影响。同时,避免在拐角处或焊接可达性差的位置施焊,可以降低气孔率。     

Zyklische Rißausbreitung in formgeschweißtem niedriglegiertem Werkstoff 10 MnMoNi 5 5

Cyclic Crack Growth in “Shape Welded” Steel Corresponding to ASTM A 533 Gr. B CI 1 resp. A 508 CI. 3 Base Metal The so called “Shape Welding” or “Shape Melting” process was developed for the manufacture fo thick-walled components of any dimensions. Computer-controlled welding units allow also the production of complex structures of conventional dimensions. This article reports the results of an examination of the fatigue crack growth behavior of a shape welded steel corresponding to ASTM A 533 Gr. B Cl 1 resp. A 508 Cl. 3 base metal.     

X65级高频焊接钢管爆裂原因分析

通过化学成分分析、力学性能测试、金相检验以及扫描电镜分析等方法对某规格为φ457 mm×7.1 mm的X65级高频焊(HFW)钢管水压试验时发生爆裂的原因进行了分析.结果表明:钢管爆裂失效是由于其直焊缝上存在冷焊缺陷以及焊缝冲击韧度不合格所致;焊缝中存在冷焊缺陷使其有效承载面积减小,原始裂纹在冷焊缺陷处萌生并扩展,加之...     

Effect of welding processes on fatigue crack growth behaviour of AISI 409M ferritic stainless steel joints fabricated using duplex stainless steel fillers

The present investigation aims to study the effect of welding processes such as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) on fatigue crack growth behaviour of the ferritic stainless steel (FSS) conforming to AISI 409M grade. Rolled plates of 4 mm thickness were used as the base material and AISI 2209 grade duplex stainless steel (DSS) was used as filler metal, for preparing single pass butt welded joints. Centre cracked tensile (CCT) specimens were used to evaluate the fatigue crack growth behaviour. From this investigation, it is found that the GTAW joints showed superior fatigue crack growth resistance compared with SMAW and GMAW joints. The reasons for the superior performance were discussed in detail.     

Fatigue crack growth rate properties of SA508 and SA533 pressure vessel steels and submerged arc weldments in room and elevated temperature air environments

The stage II fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) properties of four pressure vessel steels (SA508 Cl 2a, SA533 Gr A Cl 2, SA508 Cl 3a and SA533 Gr B Cl 2) and two automatic submerged arc weldments (SA508 Cl 2a and SA533 Gr A Cl 2) were developed in an air environment at 24 and 288°C (75 and 550°F). Tests were conducted at load ratios of 0.20 and 0.70. The air environment FCGR properties of these four base materials and two weldments proved independent of both load ratio and temperature and conformed to the ASME Section XI air environment reference curve. Furthermore, the base and weld metal air environment FCGR properties of these six pressure vessel steels were essentially identical.     

Determination of hot crack susceptibility in various kinds of steels

The aim of this investigation was to study the hot crack susceptibility of some Turkish and German structural steel plates with a modified varestraint-transvarestraint test method. Testing was accomplished using a Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process. The results of this study revealed that total crack length increases as welding current increases or punch radius or welding speed decreases. An attempt is made to provide explanations for these phenomena.     

Weldability and properties of martensitic/austenitic stainless steel joints

Abstract

A series of studies has been carried out to examine the weldability and properties of dissimilar steel joints using martensitic and austenitic stainless steels F6NM (OCr13Ni4Mo) and AISI 347, respectively. This type of joint requires good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and a stable magnetic permeability in addition to a good weldability. Weldability tests include weld thermal simulation of the martensitic steel to investigate the influence of weld thermal cycles and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the heat affected zone (HAZ); implant testing to examine the tendency for cold cracking of martensitic steel; and rigid restraint testing to determine hot crack susceptibility of the multipass dissimilar steel joints. The simulation results indicated that the toughness of the martensitic steel HAZ did not change significantly after the weld thermal cycles. The implant test results indicated that welds produced using nickel based filler show no tendency for cold cracking, whereas welds produced using martensitic or ferritic filler show such a tendency. Based on the weldability tests, a welding procedure (tungsten inert gas welding for root passes with HNiCrMo-2B wire followed by manual metal arc welding using ENiCrFe-3B coated electrode) was developed and a PWHT at 600°C for 2 h was recommended. Joints produced using the developed welding procedure are not susceptible to hot and cold cracking. After PWHT the joints exhibit both satisfactory mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking resistance.

MST/1955     

6061-T6 铝合金激光焊接接头腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展

目的研究6061-T6铝合金激光焊接接头的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展特性,并分析裂纹扩展的影响因素。方法利用光纤激光器,焊接尺寸为150 mm×100 mm×4 mm(焊接方向、横向、熔深方向)的6061-T6铝合金,采用SE(B)三点弯曲疲劳裂纹扩展试验并利用连续降K法,分别在空气和人工海水中进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,通过使用金相显微镜(OE)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对金相结构进行观测分析。结果同样工艺参数的焊接接头,在海水中疲劳裂纹门槛值(4.063 016 MPa·m~(0.5))大于空气中的门槛值(3.479 166 MPa·m~(0.5));在疲劳裂纹扩展中速区(da/dN10~(-5) mm/cycle)时,海水焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率大于空气中的,低速区(da/d N10~(-5) mm/cycle)则小于在空气中的。结论成形良好的焊缝、晶粒细小的焊缝组织有助于接头疲劳裂纹扩展性能的提高;中速区,海水中疲劳裂纹扩展速率偏大,主要是由腐蚀条件下焊缝裂纹尖端阳极溶解和交变载荷共同作用导致;低速区,海水中疲劳裂纹扩展速率偏小,主要原因是腐蚀产物堆积于疲劳裂纹扩展尖端,产生较强裂纹闭合效应。