线型聚硅氧烷改性聚醚型聚氨酯/环氧树脂互穿聚合物网络

以端羟基聚硅氧烷(PDMS)、4,4,-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚醚多元醇为原料制得端异氰酸酯基(-NCO)聚氨酯预聚体,再与环氧树脂E-44反应制得一系列聚硅氧烷改性聚氨酯/环氧树脂互穿聚合物网络。通过红外光谱、接触角、拉伸试验、动态力学分析、扫描电子显微镜对聚合物体系的结构与性能进行了研究和表征。实验结果表明,聚硅氧烷的引入使得互穿聚合物网络的表面疏水性增强,表面自由能降低,拉伸强度下降但断裂伸长率升高。随着聚硅氧烷用量的增加,聚合物体系的玻璃化转变温度从-45℃提高到了-36℃。     

反应性反相微乳液体系的构建

以可聚合的甲基丙烯酸甲酯代替传统微乳液中非反应性的油相,采用反应性表面活性剂SE-10N及助表面活性剂丙烯酸构建了反应性反相微乳液体系.通过滴定法描绘出微乳液体系的拟三元相图,并用电导率测量分析微乳液体系的相结构.利用紫外光低温引发微乳液体系聚合制得透明的聚合物.     

SBS基柔性版的成像性质

本文采用优选的SBS基[主体组分为SBS／L－PB／TEGDA（TMPTA）／651]，研究了该光敏聚合物体系的成像清晰度及其影响因素，显影剂和显影宽容度，并用两类油墨溶剂和浮雕图像表征了版材的耐久性和成像实效。结果表明，采用优选的上述光敏聚合物体系可制得适于包装、书刊印刷的高分辨率（1801／inch），显影宽容度较大的优质柔性版。     

界面缩聚法制备聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺

采用界面缩聚法制备了聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺(PMIA),并通过红外、热重和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等方法与传统的低温溶液缩聚法制得的聚合物进行了比较。界面缩聚法制得的聚合物与低温溶液缩聚法制得的聚合物结构一致,但是界面缩聚法制得的PMIA聚合物的热稳定性稍好一些,最大分解速率对应的温度(界面缩聚:452℃,低温溶液缩聚:448℃);且具有分子量分布更窄小的优点(界面缩聚:2.25,低温溶液缩聚:2.87)。通过扫描电镜(SEM)对聚合物制得的纤维表面进行分析,结果表明,采用界面缩聚法制得的PMIA纤维缺陷较少,有利于得到高品质的纤维。     

PVDF-PMMA聚合物薄膜电解质的制备和性能研究

将聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）溶于N-N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）中，加入丙三醇作造孔剂，使用两种不同方法制得聚合物薄膜，再将薄膜浸泡于I2／KI的液态电解质中吸液，制得聚合物薄膜电解质。用四探针法测量其电导率，对比两种方法制得的聚合物薄膜的扫描电镜图片，从微观结构分析其电导率的差异。由分析可知制膜方法不同导致薄膜微观结构不同，也导致薄膜性能的差异。     

聚合物合金型热塑性弹性体

聚合物合金型热塑性弹性体エテステ一ジ日本东公司开发成功聚合物合金型的新热塑性弹性体，商品名为。该弹性体系由卤系聚合物与酯系聚合物熔融反应而制得的聚合物合金型热塑性弹性体。它具有现有热塑性弹性体所没有的柔软性，以及与硫化橡胶相同的伸缩性，现有８～１０个...     

热致相分离法（TIPS）制备PVDF聚合物电解质多孔骨架

凝胶聚合物锂离子电池的关键技术之一是制备聚合物电解质，要求聚合物电解质具有高的离子传导率、适宜的机械强度、柔韧性、孔结构和电化学稳定性等,利用三乙酸甘油酯（GT）作为稀释剂，通过热致相分离（TIPS）法制备了PVDF多孔骨架，然后将多孔膜浸入LiPF6EC／DMC／EMC电解液中通过凝胶相转变制得PVDF凝胶电解质．分析研究了冷却条件与聚合物浓度对多孔膜结构以及性能的影响，发现在15℃冷却浴下PVDF浓度为30％的多孔膜具有较好的吸液率和力学性能，由此制得的凝胶聚合物电解质的电导率为1．21mS／cm。     

PS/PBA自相容聚合物的浓乳液制备方法及其表征

利用浓乳液聚合反应速率快、便于界面反应等优点，提出了一种制备高分子合金的新方法。首先，分别将苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯单体的浓乳液体系进行预聚，然后将两体系混合，继续反应制得PS／PBA自相容聚合物。研究了单体预聚转化率和共聚合温度等工艺参数对聚合物相容性的影响，并分别通过红外光谱法（FT－IR）、扫描量热法（DSC）、扫描电镜（ESM）、透射电镜（TEM）以及流变性能进行了表征。结果表明，在一定温度范围内，共聚反应温度越高，聚合物的相容性越好；而预聚转化率只有控制在一定范围内，才能达到最佳的自增容效果。     

消息报道

美国普林斯顿聚合物实验室的科学家开发了一种制作导电树脂的新工艺。采用在低于聚合物加工温度下能熔融的金属合金,与聚合物共混而组成导电树脂。这类导电树脂可用来加工制造防止电磁波干扰或消除静电用的纤维、薄膜和模塑制品。制得导电树脂的性能,例如抗张强度,可能比所用聚合物本身要差一点,但比目前采用添加金属箔片或导电纤维而制得的导电     

不同载体的表面离子印迹聚合物的特性及其应用

表面离子印迹聚合物近年来在固相萃取、膜分离、化学生物传感器等领域展现出良好的应用前景.表面离子印迹技术是将离子识别位点设计在载体表面或接近表面的地方,制得的表面离子印迹聚合物与传统的离子印迹聚合物相比,具有目标离子更易接近识别位点、吸附更快、吸附容量更高等优点.简述了表面离子印迹的最新研究进展,根据载体种类分别介绍了以...     

Pattern-definable and low cost fabrication of nanopatterned conducting polymer film on flexible substrates

This study reports the pattern definable and low cost fabrication of nanopatterned conducting polymer film on flexible substrates. Noble nanopatterned polymer hard template was fabricated by using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and used for electropolymerization of conducting polymer. Conducting polymer was electrochemically deposited on the template and transferred over to flexible substrates. Eventually conducting polymer films with various nanopatterns were fabricated on flexible substrates. High pattern definability was achieved by nanoimprinted polymer template, which was molded from lithographically fabricated stamp. Low cost fabrication was accomplished due to low cost NIL, reusable polymer templates, and low material consumption of electrodeposition. The electrodeposited films were transferred using double sided tape. Because the templates are made of flexible polymer, the transfer bonding method applied in this study is adaptable to both wafers and flexible polymer substrates. The fabricated nanopatterned conducting polymer film can be applied to gas sensors, super capacitors, super wetting films, and neuron interfaces due to its characteristic of high surface to volume. For an illustrative application, the gas sensing properties of films were tested. The result showed enhanced sensing characteristic with nanopatterned film, which are attributed to the high surface to volume ratio of nanopatterned films.     

Evaluating the suitability of thick-film TiO2 capacitors for use in a wireless pressure measurement system

In this work, screen-printing onto glass and polymer substrates was used to form capacitors with an active area of 2 × 3 mm². The dielectric was formed using a polymer paste with TiO₂ as the functional ingredient. Devices prepared on glass substrates were tested as strain gauges. Their GF was measured to be 30. This is higher than the standard values (3–15) recorded for gauges based on oxide materials. It is thought that the higher sensitivity is a result of the preparation method and small crystallite size of the TiO₂ powder. After quantifying the materials sensitivity, the sensors on polymer substrates were attached to planar and cylindrical surfaces. They were then incorporated into a wireless pressure measurement system, consisting of a small size interface circuit and a transmitter. The receiver outputs a voltage reading corresponding to the sensor capacitance. Each device was placed in a liquid environment so that it could be exposed to hydrostatic pressure. A high sensitivity to pressure changes with low hysteresis was observed. It is thought that this system could be used to wirelessly monitor pressure changes in a variety of difficult to reach environments.     

Cross-linking carbon nanotubes by glycidyl azide polymer via click chemistry

Functionalization and cross linking of carbon nanotubes was necessary to fabricate nanotube composites with good interfacial properties and mechanical performance. Glycidyl azide polymer was used as cross-linker of carbon nanotubes via a simple clickable one step reaction initiated by decomposition of azide groups. Both heating and UV irradiation were used to carry out the reaction. FTIR and Raman spectra confirmed the decomposition of azide groups and the anchoring of glycidyl azide polymer onto the surface of carbon nanotubes. Thermal gravity analysis showed that the polymer anchored onto carbon nanotubes was about 10% of the total mass in the solid product, but the efficiency of the reaction was low. The result of tensile test using bulky paper infiltrated with 10% GAP showed that cross linking could bring forth a higher strength, about 4 times higher than the not cross linked. The success of cross linking carbon nanotubes by glycidyl azide polymer paves a new way to fabrication of ultra strong carbon nanotube composites.     

茂金属化合物合成星状羟基功能化无规聚苯乙烯

采用茂金属化合物(n-BuCp)2TiCl2,还原剂(Sn)及引发剂4,4’-亚甲基二(N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺(I4))组成的催化体系,引发苯乙烯活性自由基聚合,合成了星状羟基功能化无规聚苯乙烯。考察了聚合温度、时间、投料比等反应条件对苯乙烯聚合的影响。用沸丁酮对所得聚合物进行抽提,并采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和核磁共振(13C-NMR)对沸丁酮可溶部分的结构和性能进行了表征。GPC分析证明催化体系(n-BuCp)2TiCl2/Sn/I4引发苯乙烯聚合属于活性聚合;13C-NMR结果证明所得聚苯乙烯链段为无定型态。实验表明所得聚合物为星状羟基功能化无规聚苯乙烯。     

Heterocyclic methacrylate-based drug release polymer system

A heterocyclic methacrylate polymer system, developed originally as a low shrinkage polymer system, has been investigated as a drug release polymer and as a biomaterial for encouraging bone or cartilage regeneration. The system is based on poly (ethyl methacrylate) polymer powder mixed with tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate monomer and polymerized at room temperature (PEM/THFM). Promising results have been obtained with this biomaterial, and hence its water uptake properties were investigated in detall, in order to throw some light on the release processes that are involved in vivo and in vitro. Water soluble large molecule analogues were incorporated into the system; these additives increased the water uptake of the system. Isobornyl methacrylate was used as a diluent for the monomer to further reduce the water uptake of the system. In all cases the uptake kinetics did not obey simple diffusion theory, the process being very prolonged and complex.     

Observation of enhanced backscattering from a plane mirror viewed through polymer-film-dispersed liquid crystals

We report experimental results on enhanced backscattering from a plane mirror that is viewed through polymer-film-dispersed nematic liquid crystals. The distribution of the averaged intensity of the light reflected from the mirror placed behind the polymer film is investigated with an image-processing system when a Gaussian beam wave is incident. The enhanced light peak is observed in an incident beam direction, the result of which is predicted by a theory based on the circular Gaussian statistic random-phase-screen model. We pay attention to the enhancement dependence on parameters such as the distance between the polymer film and the flat mirror. The observed result is similar to a previous study by Jakeman et al. in which a random diffusive glass plate was used as a random-phase screen [J. Phys. D 21, 32 (1988)].     

Failure analysis of aging in polyoxymethylene fuel valves using fractography and thermal-FTIR analysis

Polyoxymethylene (POM), a thermoplastic polymer used in precision parts, is popular for its high stiffness, low friction, and resistance to various working fluids. The polymer also presents unique chemical degradation and aging mechanisms. An investigation into commercial POM-made fuel valves (commercial, heat-stabilized copolymer), which failed in similar ways after over a decade of service in an aviation system, is presented and compared to an unused valve of the same type and material, with failures induced by overload. A comparison between fracture surfaces imaged by SEM microscopy, of POM failure as a result of overload or as result of ten years aging is shown for the first time. No definitive differences were found between aged and new POM material based on Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and direct Fourier Transfer Infra-Red (FTIR) measurements. However, a significant difference in decomposition profiles was found according to Thermogravimetric Analysis coupled with FTIR (TGA-FTIR), accompanied by release of formaldehyde, indicative of depolymerization in the decade-aged POM. Other mechanisms, such as overpressure failure, effects of exposure to gasoline, increased crystallinity, intermolecular rearrangements or internal hydrolysis were refuted. The failure mechanism is attributed to aging depolymerization in the bulk, accompanied by static stress.     

Preparation of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer latex by flow induced phase inversion emulsification

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer was emulsified in the melt state using hydrophobically modified water soluble polymers (HMWSPs) as surfactants and the flow induced phase inversion (FIPI) emulsification technique. The history of the emulsification and emulsion structure were monitored using a process rheometer and off-line scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. It was shown that low molecular weight surfactants could not be used to emulsify the polymer melt. When HMWSPs were used, the emulsion characteristics were strongly influenced by the molecular structure of the surfactant. Water-in-polymer melt emulsion was phase inverted to polymer melt-in-water emulsion at 20% water phase volume. When this emulsion was allowed to cool after further dilution (30% water) while mixing, a second phase inversion took place to obtain a water-in-polymer dispersion which has the consistency of a powder. When this dispersion was re-heated, while mixing, a third phase inversion occurred and a multiple emulsion system was obtained. Upon the solidification of the polymer, the structure of the dispersion was revealed as (water-in-polymer)-in-water. Water continuous latex from the first phase inversion and the powdery emulsion from the second phase inversion can be used in coating applications while the third phase inversion produces micro-porous polymer.     

耐盐性高吸水树脂的制备及其性能研究

采用氧化-还原自由基引发体系，以水溶液聚合法合成了丙烯酸型高吸水树脂。以引发温度较低的过硫酸钾-抗坏血酸为引发剂，研究了交联剂、引发剂、中和度以及大分子亲水化合物对高吸水树脂吸纯水能和吸盐水能的影响。实验结果表明：交联剂、引发剂及中和度的不同直接影响树脂的吸纯水能和吸盐水能；随着亲水性物质的加入，树脂的吸水性、耐盐性有明显提高，吸纯水能达到450g／g以上，吸盐水能达到60g／g以上。