用微机作图求固定床吸附柱的理论级数

本文介绍了利用由实验测得的离散吸附平衡数据经线性回归所得的回归方程，通过微机绘图求取固定吸附柱理论级数的原理与方法，并列举了在ＰＣ－１５００机上运行的实例。本法具有快速、准确、模型清楚的特点。     

连续环状旋转固定床吸附分离水溶液中的碳水化合物

本文以静态法测定了葡萄糖－果糖,木糖－山梨糖在水溶液中双元组分的吸附相平衡关系,得出相应的吸附等温方程。对于 木糖－山梨糖体系而言,７３２Ｆｅ＾３＋型树脂的吸附选择性能优于７３２Ｃａ＾２＋型树脂。用扰动应答技术研究了固定内相间的传质过程,并用传递函数法求出吸附相间平衡常和总传质系数。通过连续环状旋转固定床的运行,得出不同的流出曲线和色谱峰。分别考察了进行流量,冲洗流量和进料浓度对分离效果的影响,研     

NOx干法吸附装置——活性炭固定床设计方法的研究

本文从设计实践、模拟实验及吸附理论等方面研究了 NOx 废气干法净化装置——活性炭固定床设计常规方法中往往出现的问题,并提出了一些新的观点,对改进设计方法进行了研究和探讨。     

电容吸附去离子方法的研究

电容吸附法脱盐是一种新开发的水处理技术,作者用商品活性炭纤维制成卷式和板式电极。电极间有液体流道,组成电容吸附去离子装置。电极充电时对流出的水进行脱盐。电极吸饱离子后电极短路,排出含高浓度盐分的水。实验的工作曲线与文章报导的结果相似。由于电极电阻较大,且活性炭孔径分布不理想,所以,在能耗和电吸附量上与国外有差距,有待改进。     

用活性炭固定床净化甜菜浆中的阿魏酸

据英刊“ＢｉｏｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ”１９９８,６４（１）,１７～２５报道：所谓阿魏酸是广泛分布在单子叶植物中的一种植物细胞壁成分。这种酚类化合物具有广阔应用前景。它是一种具有不同药物特性的抗氧剂。本文对吸附和乙醇洗提进行了探讨,目的是对释放出来的阿魏酸进行定量提取和回收,要获取最低成本,取决于生产率。本文审定了操作参数对吸附剂和洗脱液所需量的作用,并鉴定了用于连续周期的最佳管理法之先决条件。特别需注意的是剩余阿魏低聚糖在再生前的完全饱和产生阿魏酸的最佳吸附选择性、最佳脱附效果和最…     

离子液体在气体吸附中的研究进展

综述了气体在离子液体中的溶解性能、影响因素及其传质机理;介绍了CO2、SO2等气体在离子液体中的吸附研究进展;总结了离子液体中气体分离、分析及有气体参与的化学反应等领域的研究现状,并展望了离子液体在气体吸附方面的应用前景。     

离子液体在气体吸附中的应用研究

CO_2是造成全球气候变暖的主要原因,如何防止或降低CO_2的排放缓解温室效应已成为国际上的一个重要话题。离子液体具有低蒸汽压热稳定性好,以及液态温度范围宽结构可设计性等特点。自从2002年Bates报道了一种可用于CO_2吸收的新型离子液体以来,掀起了离子液体研究的热潮。本文介绍了离子液体的发现及研究历程,良好的物理特性,阐述了各类离子液体吸附CO_2的方式及优缺点。     

一种从盐湖氯化镁卤水中除硼的固定床吸附方法

本发明公开了一种从盐湖氯化镁卤水中除硼的固定床吸附方法,包括下述步骤:1)吸附:将含硼的盐湖氯化镁卤水通过树脂去除其中的硼离子;2)淋洗:将吸附硼的树脂通过淋洗剂去除残留在树脂中的卤水,将卤水返回到晒盐池;3)解吸:将淋洗之后的树脂通过解吸剂去除吸附在树脂上的     

CFD方法在固定床反应器传热研究中的应用

固定床反应器是一种常见的化学和生化反应器,由于内部结构十分复杂,固定床内的局部流动和传热过程研究一直是一个颇具挑战性的问题。有效参数法是长期以来固定床传热研究的常用方法,但是由于对固定床内温度场缺乏准确的了解,目前为止许多基于有效参数法的传热模型的普适性仍然存在问题。计算流体力学（CFD）的数值模拟方法是近年来应用于固定床流动和传热研究的一种新的研究方法,它通过数值方法求解流动和传递的微分方程组而获得流场和温度场。CFD数值模拟方法能够提供精确的局部流动和传递信息如速度分布、压力分布、温度分布、组分浓度分布等。本文综述和分析了CFD方法在固定床反应器的流动和传热研究领域的最新进展,讨论了CFD方法在该领域的应用前景。     

吸附法脱除液体丙烯中硫的化合物

用动态法研究了加压液体丙烯中脱除硫的化合物的吸附性能,测定了影响动态吸附过程的因素,探讨了吸附机理和传质阻力。结果表明:γ-Al_2O_3用于丙烯脱硫,具有吸附净化度高、吸附容量大、选择性好的特点,传质过程中外膜阻力和孔扩散阻力同时并存。     

REMOVING POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM WATER BY ADSORPTION ON SILICAGEL

This study investigates a specific topic of water purification by the adsorption onto silicagel of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are carcinogenic, toxic and persistent in the environment. Acenaphthene, a representative low molecular PAH with moderate solubility in water, is selected as target compound. Batch kinetic experimental studies were undertaken. Kinetic results were modelled using pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order equations, and equilibrium data were described by the traditional Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It can be concluded that the lower molecular mass PAHs, such as acenaphthene, are well represented by the pseudo-first-order equations. Adsorption mechanisms were moreover analyzed using boundary layer mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion models, indicating intra-particle diffusion as the dominant adsorption controlling step. Isotherm equations may be applied to predict the silicagel quantity necessary to remove a given concentration of the PAH using a recommended fixed-bed batch adsorber system.     

新型离子液体用于芳烃、烯烃与烷烃分离的初步研究

The separation of aromatic hydrocarbons or olefins from paraffins is very important in chemical industry. The volatile organic solvents used are usually harmful to environment and human health. As green solvents, room temperature ionic liquids are potential substitutes for the separation of hydrocarbon products. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of hydrocarbon solutes, such as alkanes, hexenes,alkylbenzenes and styrene, in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ( [BMIM] [PF6]), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ( [AMIM] [BF4] ), 1-isobutenyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ( [MPMIM] [BF4]) and [MPMIM] [BF4] AgBF4 were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The measurements were carried out at different temperatures between 298.15 K and 318. 15 K. The separation effects of these ionic liquids for olefin/paraffin, alkanes/benzene and hexene isomers were discussed.     

高铁酸钾氧化系统中芳烃类物质转化特性

高铁酸钾是目前发现的最强氧化性物质。以萘、菲和芘为研究对象,探索在源水pH=7.1条件下高铁酸盐对芳烃类物质的转化去除特性。结果表明,作为水处理剂,高铁酸盐的强氧化性持续时间大约为5～10 min;当反应系统中高铁酸钾质量浓度为10 mg/L时,菲、芘和萘的转化去除率分别为98%、84%和61%;菲与高铁酸盐反应产物的GC-MS分析结果表明,氧化产物主要为9,10-菲醌。醌式结构是一种生物抵抗性相对较弱的官能团,可以预期高铁酸盐氧化处理受芳烃类物质污染的源水时,芳烃类物质的环境风险可以得到有效降低。     

一个气体在液体中溶解度的关联式

基于两个假设,本文提出了一个气体在液体中的溶解度随温度、压力变化的关联式。用该式关联H_2-H_2O、N_2-H_2O、He-H_2O、C_2H_5-H_2O体系以及外推至低压,都得到满意的结果。     

表面活性剂改性粘土吸附去除芳香族化合物

基于改性用表面活性剂的种类不同,介绍了改性粘土在芳香族化合物吸附去除中的应用,探讨了改性提高吸附性能的作用机理,讨论了pH、温度、离子强度等水化环境对去除效果的影响。认为加强表面活性剂改性粘土的稳定性,是急需解决的问题之一;表面活性剂改性粘土在污染水体处理中的应用前景非常广阔。     

液膜法处理混二甲酚废水

本文采用液膜法分离净化混灭威农药工业生产中产生的混二甲酚废水.结果表明:液膜分离法用于该废水的净化处理在技术上是可行的.     

铝渣吸附去除水中锑的研究

研究了工业废弃物铝渣对Sb的吸附行为,结果表明铝渣可有效吸附水中的Sb;低pH值有利于铝渣吸附Sb;准二级动力学可用来描述铝渣吸附Sb的动力学;铝渣吸附Sb的过程中边界扩散和颗粒内扩散并存;铝渣对Sb的等温吸附行为符合Freundlich方程.10 mmol·L-1HCl可有效再生铝渣,再生后的铝渣对Sb的吸附率达到95%以上,而更高浓度的HCl由于对铝渣的溶解作用而不利于再生.EDTA对铝渣也具有一定的再生作用,在25 mmol·L-1浓度以下,随着EDTA浓度增加,其对铝渣的再生效果明显改善,当EDTA浓度高于25 mmol·L-1后,EDTA浓度的增加对再生效果影响不大.     

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THREE VARIETIES OF FISH FROM KUWAIT BAY

The study reports levels of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three native fish species—mullet, sea bream and tonguesole—captured from Kuwait Bay (KB) area and outside the Bay from the Auha area between October 2004 and June 2005. KB has witnessed rapid urban and industrial development since the discovery of oil and is considered to be the most productive area in the region. Whole fish analysis revealed that the lower molecular weight PAHs (pyrene, fluoranthene and phenanthrene) were present in all the three varieties of fish in considerably higher amounts. Other low molecular weight PAHs like acenaphthylene, acenaphthene and anthracene were also present but in lower concentrations. Among the higher molecular weight PAHs, the frequency of detection of benzo(a)anthracene and chrysene was high and were present in high concentrations, whereas Benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene were not frequent in detection. The contamination of Σ PAHs was higher in the winter season in mullet and sea bream but in tonguesole a reverse pattern was found. Tonguesole from KB had the highest Σ PAHs suggesting that this bottom dwelling species can be used as an indicator of sediment pollution in the area. The observed seasonality in ∑ PAHs concentration in fish coupled with species difference may be related to difference in metabolic disposition of pollutants and their habitats.     

TOXICOKINETICS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT BY THE AMPHIBIAN LARVAE (PLEURODELES WALTL)

The molecular phototransformation mechanism of nitroarenes, genotoxic and ubiquitous pollutants in the atmosphere, is still under debate. With increasing exposure to radiation 1,6- and 1,8-dinitropyrene (DNP) in acetonitrile showed a decrease in their characteristic absorption bands (396 and 411 nm, respectively) in the presence of O ₂ , N ₂ and H ₂ O, and an increase in the 220–390 nm region and above 450 nm, indicating their photodegradation and transformation. The resulting photoproducts were highly fluorescent, presenting a broad emission band around 520–540 nm. Oxygen reactive species did not seem to be produced in the principal photodegradation pathways, since photodegradation rates were similar to those in anaerobic samples. In the presence of O ₂ or N ₂ 1,6-DNP photodegraded 4 times faster than 1,8-DNP, while in the presence of water is 1.5 times faster. Two chromatographic fractions were separated, and identified as pyrenediones using authentic samples and reported spectral data for hydroxy-nitropyrenes. Other chromatographic fractions are still to be identified. The properties of the identified products suggested that these were formed through a nitro-nitrite rearrangement.