粉末相组成对(C,N)-(Co,Ni)金属陶瓷组织及性能的影响

采用自制的多元复式碳(氮)化物陶瓷粉末制备少Mo的(Ti,W,Ta,Mo)(C,N)-(Co,Ni)金属陶瓷。研究了粉末相组成对金属陶瓷组织及性能的影响。结果表明,多元复式碳(氮)化物固溶体的晶格常数与元素的固溶度有很好的对应关系。金属陶瓷中含Ta,W等重金属元素的多元复式碳化物的加入,有利于重金属元素向粘结相中均匀扩散,相对减缓了低元相Ti(C,N)的分解,使材料的性能得到较大的提高,组织主要表现为单层环形相结构特征,富Ti硬质相减少,富(Ta,W)硬质相增多,且晶粒细小,无团聚现象。     

TiCN基梯度功能金属陶瓷的制备及其切削性能

以TiCN-WC-Mo2C-TaC-Co-Ni为原料,通过成分和气氛控制,获得了功能梯度TiCN基金属陶瓷材料。采用带有能谱分析仪的扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪观察和分析了材料的微观组织和物相组成,通过车削实验考察了所制备的刀具的切削性能。结果表明,WC含量较低时,通过气氛控制可以获得表面富Ti层、中间富W层和基体的3层TiCN基金属陶瓷梯度层,烧结温度的提高有利于梯度层的厚度的增加;WC含量较高时,烧结后WC在表面富集。15%WC含量的TiCN基金属陶瓷在1 460℃氮气气氛中烧结1 h时,富Ti层的厚度约为15~20μm,富W层厚度约为15~20μm。经氮化烧结后材料表面的(Ti,W,Mo)(C,N)衍射峰相对材料内部向右偏移。真空烧结时,当WC含量较低时,Ti和W元素分布比较均匀;随着WC含量的升高,表面出现了贫Ti富W层,且随着WC含量增加,表面富W层增厚,WC含量为24%时,富W层厚度25μm。切削实验表明表面富Ti的金属陶瓷的切削性能优于表面富W的金属陶瓷材料。     

Ti_2AlNb合金等离子渗碳及其抗冲蚀性能的研究

通过双辉等离子渗金属技术对Ti2Al Nb合金进行等离子渗碳,采用扫描电镜、X射线分析和线扫描等手段来分析渗碳层的微观形貌、元素分布和表面相组成,并且利用冲蚀磨损试验来对比两者的抗冲蚀磨损性能。结果表明,等离子渗碳可以在基体表面形成一个大约30μm的渗碳层;基体显微硬度为393 HV0.1,渗碳层的硬度则达到979 HV0.1;Ti2Al Nb合金抗冲蚀磨损能力在渗碳后有了明显提升。     

SD成型剂对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

采用低压烧结的方法制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料,并结合C、N、O分析,XRD、BSE、EDS等测试手段研究了SD成型剂对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷合金的C含量、相组成及显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着SD成型剂添加量的增加,脱胶后压坯的C含量逐渐增加,N含量逐渐减小;烧结后Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷由(Ti,Me)(C,N)(Me=W、Mo、Ta)和Ni/Co固溶体相组成;显微组织以黑芯-白环结构为主,并伴随着少量白芯-灰环的结构。SD添加量为100mL/kg时,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料的抗弯强度达1929MPa,硬度为1588HV30,添加量为180mL/kg时,合金组织中石墨相的出现使其抗弯强度大幅度下降。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷熔渗/氮化复合表面处理

对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷进行了高温高压熔渗/氮化复合表面处理,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射等分析技术对其显微组织、成分及结构进行了分析,并对其处理前后的硬度进行了测试分析.结果表明,经过表面处理,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷表面形成了富含Ti和N的硬化层,主要为Ti(C0.3N0.7),次表层富含Fe和Ni,其硬度自表面向心部呈现高-低-较高的变化趋势.     

纳米增强金属陶瓷的组织及热冲击性能

为了进一步提高金属陶瓷的力学性能及其刀具的高速切削性能, 研究了纳米增强金属陶瓷的显微组织特征和热冲击性能。扫描电镜和透射电镜分析表明: 组织中陶瓷相呈现典型的芯2壳结构特征; 芯为TiC 或Ti (C ,N) , 而壳则为( Ti ,Mo ,W) (C ,N) 固溶体。纳米增强金属陶瓷机制为细晶强化、弥散强化和固溶强化。热冲击实验表明: 随着热循环的进行, 材料中孔洞的数量、孔洞的尺寸以及微裂纹的尺寸随之增大; 同时, 热循环过程中出现的表面氧化、裂纹长大、偏转以及桥接现象也很显著。与常规Ti (C ,N) 金属陶瓷相比, 纳米增强金属陶瓷的抗热冲击性能明显提高。      

Mo2C含量对Ti(C,N)基陶瓷力学性能和显微结构的影响

采用热压烧结工艺制备了添加微量Cr3C2的Ti(C0.5N0.5)-(Ni-Co)-Mo2C-Cr3C2系Ti(C,N）基金属陶瓷。分析三种不同Mo2C含量材料的力学性能、断口形貌和磨削表面压痕裂纹扩展情况，研究表明：材料的断裂均以沿晶断裂为主；材料的抗弯强度与Rim相有关，8wt%Mo2C含量的金属陶瓷Rim相厚度适中，抗弯强度高；0.6wt%Mo2C含量的金属陶瓷的扩展裂纹短，裂纹扩展发生偏转，断裂韧性高。     

Ti(C, N)基金属陶瓷中环形相的本质及形成过程

研究了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中环形相的本质及生长过程.结果表明,环形相具有同TiC相同的晶体结构和位向关系,且点阵参数相近,环形相可用分子式(Ti,W,Mo)(C,N)来表示.环形相在固相烧结阶段通过扩散就开始形成,并在液相烧结阶段得以较快生长.文中还给出了环形相生长过程的模型图.     

超细/纳米粉末改进Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能研究进展

综述了近几年超细或纳米粉末改进Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能的方法,简要分析了含超细或纳米粉末Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的致密化问题.总结了真空烧结 热等静压处理和放电等离子烧结的特点,并分析了微波烧结和等离子活化烧结制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的可能性.     

烧结温度和保温时间对Ti(C, N)基金属陶瓷微观组织结构和性能的影响

通过氮气氛烧结制备了Ti(C, N)-WC-TaC-NbC-Co-Ni金属陶瓷,研究了烧结温度和保温时间对Ti(C, N)基金属陶瓷芯部和表面的微观组织结构及性能的影响。结果表明：Ti(C, N)基金属陶瓷表面在渗氮的作用下会形成富无环黑芯和黏结相层;随着烧结温度的升高,样品的平衡氮分解压力增大,渗氮作用减弱,表层富无环黑芯和黏结相层变薄;而随着保温时间的延长,表层富无环黑芯和黏结相层逐渐变厚,次表层缺黑芯越来越明显。随着烧结温度升高和保温时间延长,溶解再析出过程加剧,芯部Ti(C, N)黑芯体积分数减少,环相变厚且无环黑芯数量减少,硬质相晶粒尺寸增加。随着烧结温度的升高,合金硬度、钴磁和矫顽磁力逐渐减小,断裂韧性先增加后减小;随着保温时间的延长,硬度和断裂韧性均有先下降后升高的趋势,而钴磁和矫顽磁力逐渐增大。在1500 ℃保温40 min烧结的样品综合性能最好,维氏硬度达到1544 HV30,断裂韧性为9.0 MPa·m1/2,钴磁和矫顽磁力分别为4.74和9.42 kA/m。     

Thermophysical Properties of Electrically Conductive SiC–(Nb,Ti–C)<Subscript>ss</Subscript>-Based Cermets

Multifunctional cermets are being developed for a range of novel applications. The present paper deals with thermophysical properties of electrically conductive SiC-based cermets. The cermets were prepared by in situ reaction using a two-step sintering process. The thermophysical properties, namely, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and heat capacity, were measured using the pulse transient technique. The microstructure and chemical composition of the samples were characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy), and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis) techniques. The observed thermophysical data were correlated with the observed microstructures and chemical nature of the SiC-based cermets.     

Effect of SiC whisker addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

Ti(C, N)-based cermets with addition of SiC whisker (SiC_w) were prepared by vacuum sintering. The microstructures of the prepared cermets were investigated by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties such as transverse rupture strength (TRS), fracture toughness (K_IC) and hardness (HRA) were also measured. It was found that the grain size of the cermets was affected by the SiC whisker addition. The cermets with 1.0 wt.% SiC whisker addition exhibited the smallest grain size. The porosities of the cermets increased with increasing SiC whisker additions. The addition of the SiC whisker had no influence on the phase constituents of the cermets. Compared with the cermets with no whisker addition, the highest TRS and fracture toughness for cermets with 1.0 wt.% SiC whisker addition increased by about 24% and 29%, respectively. The strengthening mechanisms were attributed to finer grain size, homogeneous microstructure and moderate thickness of rim phase. The toughening mechanisms were characterized by crack deflection, whisker bridging and whisker pulling-out.     

Al_2O_3-ZrO_2/W/Cr/Ni/Co金属陶瓷的断裂韧性

以Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉末、W、Cr、Ni、Co粉末为原料,采用热压烧结工艺制备了性能优良的Al2O3-ZrO2/W/Cr/Ni/Co金属陶瓷复合材料。通过SEM,EDS,XRD等手段分析其微观组织,单边梁开口法(SENB)测量其断裂韧性。实验结果表明在1320℃,20MPa条件下热压烧结制备的Al2O3-ZrO2/W/Cr/Ni/Co金属陶瓷的断裂韧性为7.16±0.4MPa.m1/2,硬度为83.3HRA,横向断裂强度为540MPa,相对致密度为97.4%;对维氏压痕下裂纹扩展进行了分析,其增韧机理为延性金属对裂纹的桥梁作用和氧化锆相变增韧,在裂纹通过时硬质相以沿晶断裂为主。     

Effect of TaC addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti(C, N)-based cermets

The microstructures of the prepared Ti(C, N)-based cermets with various TaC additions were studied using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties such as transverse rupture strength (TRS), fracture toughness (K_1C) and hardness (HRA) were also measured. The results showed that the grain size of the cermets decreased with increasing TaC addition, but too high TaC addition resulted in agglomeration of the grains. An increasing TaC addition increased the dissolution of tungsten, titanium, molybdenum and tantalum in the binder phase. The hardness of the cermets decreased slightly with increasing TaC addition. The transverse rupture strength was the highest for the cermets with 5 wt.% TaC addition, which was characterized by fine grains, homogeneous microstructure and the moderate thickness of rim phase in the binder. The fracture toughness of the cermets with TaC addition from 0 to 5 wt.% decreased obviously, which resulting from decreased grain size. The further decreasing of fracture toughness for the cermets with 7 wt.% TaC addition was due to increased porosity and interfacial tensile stress.     

Microstructure,texture, and crystallography in Ni–GDC and Co–GDC porous cermets obtained from directionally solidified eutectic ceramics

Lamellar NiO–GDC (Gadolinium-doped Ceria) and CoO–GDC directionally solidified eutectic ceramics (DSECs) were produced by the laser floating-zone technique and subjected to reduction in order to obtain porous cermets of Ni–GDC and Co–GDC, which have potential applications as anodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). The reduction of these DSECs into porous cermets was studied at 650 °C in NiO–GDC and at 500 and 700 °C in CoO–GDC, all of them processed with similar reduction kinetics. In comparison to similar Ni–YSZ and Co–YSZ lamellar cermets previously studied, no sharp reduction front was observed. The interface between the reduced and nonreduced zones is broader, with pores homogenously distributed in wide areas. Afterwards, the microstructure, texture, and crystallography of the samples were studied by electron microscopy as well as by electron and X-ray diffraction when completely reduced. The single crystal NiO and CoO lamellae transformed into porous polycrystalline metallic lamellae. Moreover, microscopy observations revealed a porous nanostructure of Co particles obtained by reduction at low temperatures (500 °C). Many of the Co and Ni particles seemed to have roughly maintained the previous crystallographic orientation with respect to the GDC phase, although the disorder of the crystallographic orientation increased significantly. In addition, a significant amount of the Ni particles reoriented to form an epitaxial interface with the (100)–GDC surface.     

Preparation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of TiC0.35N0.35-TiNi cermets

TiC_{0.35 ±0.04}N_{0.35 ±0.04}-TiNi cermets were prepared by liquid-phase sintering of TiG_≃0.5N_≃0.5 + TiNi + Ti powder mixtures and characterized by electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and chemical analysis. The sintering conditions were optimized for different contents of the TiNi binder. The hardness, flexural strength, and average grain size of the cermets were determined.     

自蔓延高温合成非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷

以Ｔｉ粉和冶金碳黑为原料，Ｃ／Ｔｉ（原子比）配料为０．１２～０．５０时，经ＳＨＳ－准热等静压获得了非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷。研究表明：金属陶瓷由非化学计量碳化钛和α－Ｔｉ相组成，随着Ｃ／Ｔｉ增大，金属陶瓷中α－Ｔｉ相比例减少，碳化物晶粒尺寸增大，金属陶瓷的抗弯强度降低而硬度升高。     

碳纳米管增韧超细Ti(C|N)基金属陶瓷

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的低韧性限制了其广泛应用于切削刀具领域。为探究碳纳米管对超细Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷断裂韧性的影响,采用化学镀工艺在碳纳米管表面镀Ni,采用粉末冶金法真空烧结制备了不同碳纳米管含量的超细Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。研究了不同含量镀镍和未镀镍的碳纳米管对Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷组织和断裂韧性的影响。扫描电镜照片表明 , 添加CNTs后,组织中出现无芯晶粒及微孔洞。压痕法测试断裂韧性的结果表明,纳米管的加入使超细Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷的断裂韧性提高 29. 4 %～62. 7 % , 碳纳米管增韧机制为裂纹偏转和桥接增韧、无芯晶粒增韧及微孔洞增韧。此外,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,超细CNTs/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合材料的相对密度和硬度均有轻微下降。添加镀镍和未镀镍碳纳米管对超细Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷都具有很好的增韧作用。     

铜含量对燃烧合成TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

利用自蔓延高温燃烧合成结合准热等静压技术制备了不同Cu含量的TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷.为了得到金属粘结剂的最佳含量,研究了Cu含量对TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷热力学、微观组织和性能的影响.在Ti-B-Cu体系的燃烧合成过程中,可能存在TiB2、TiB和TiCu三个相.热力学计算结果表明TiB2是最稳定的相.随着Cu含量的增加,TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷的绝热温度(Tad)和燃烧温度(Tc)逐渐降低.燃烧温度会影响产物中陶瓷相的形貌,TiB2颗粒的尺寸随金属含量的增加而减小.TiB,-Cu基金属陶瓷的硬度(HRA)和弯曲强度随着Cu含量的增多均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,最大值分别对应20wt.%和40wt.%的Cu含量.随Cu含量的增加,TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷的孔隙率由于金属Cu良好的流动性而呈下降趋势,断裂韧性则呈逐渐上升的趋势.材料的韧化机制为裂纹尖端塑性钝化机制和裂纹偏转机制.TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷的最佳金属粘结剂含量位于40wt.%～50wt.%.