制浆造纸业蒸汽价格及能源优化利用的探讨

制浆造纸业,如何确定其自备电厂蒸汽价格历来都有争议,不同的蒸汽价格直接影响余热回收或其他节能措施的经济效益,会对决策层在选择使用能源种类、节能技术等问题上犯难,有时还会造成决策错误。本文介绍了一种计算新增或节降蒸汽的使用成本或价格的方法,指出了纸厂常用的低压或中压蒸汽的价格水平,并以此为依据对气罩余热回收的经济效益做了分析,同时还根据能源梯级利用的原则,对制冷、热风干燥、热风干燥的余热回收、污泥干化、靴压改造及蒸汽箱的应用等过程的能源使用进行了探讨。     

中川纸厂小碱回收工艺初步总结

当前我国造纸工业用碱缺乏,约差50％。虽然大型纸厂都建有碱回收车间回收烧碱以补充部份用碱之不足。但是大多数中小型纸厂,特别是小型草浆纸厂碱回收技术还没有完全过关。大量的碱无法回收利用,造成严重的环境污染。     

关于造纸工业采用背压发电几个问题的探讨

我国造纸工业如何合理利用能源、节约能源,早已引起各有关方面的广泛重视,并做了大量工作。例如不少大型纸厂都先后建了自备热电站,建了余热回收装置,收到了经济效果。 本文对中小型背压机组的选型及经济效益进行了详尽的分析,或可对大中型纸厂的读者有所助益。特予以推荐。     

分布式能源站燃气轮机余热制冷进气冷却系统经济性分析

介绍了分布式能源系统中回收烟气余热制取热源水,驱动热水型溴化锂制冷机组制取冷媒水,利用换热设备降低燃机空气进口温度的进气冷却系统,同时对余热制冷进气冷却系统的经济性进行了分析,以期为燃气轮机余热制冷进气冷却系统的改造提供参考。     

实施沼气回收利用工程实现经济与环境效益双赢

将啤酒废水厌氧反应处理的沼气回收，先进行脱硫处理．后采用“发电＋制冷”的利用方式，即将高品位能源用于发电，发电机组排放的低品位能源（烟气余热、热水余热）用于制冷，达到按质用能、充分利用的目的。     

常州地区印染行业余热回收现状

对江苏省常州地区印染行业余热回收利用的现状进行了调查,分析了余热回收的优势,简要介绍了目前印染厂废水和废热的主要回收技术(热泵技术回收染色废水余热、板式热交换器转换热能、筒染连续套染利用废水余热等),提出了挖掘企业余热回收潜力,促进印染行业可持续发展的对策。     

印染企业的余热回收利用

分析了印染行业余热资源及其回收利用现状和技术,并通过分析某印染厂及其锅炉系统的运行情况,设计了余热资源的回收利用方案,利用车间余热加热锅炉补水。通过计算余热资源量,对车间余热资源与锅炉补水进行热力匹配,确定各种余热资源的回收顺序,最后对回收方案的节能效果和经济效益进行评估。     

而今新能源 太阳能及余热回收综合利用

江苏而今新能源科技有限公司针对印染行业目前能源使用情况、热能消耗状况、厂房面积及布置情况,充分利用苏南地区充裕的太阳能资源及废弃热能资源,开发了印染行业太阳能及余热回收综合利用工程系统。对于印染厂来说,用"太阳能及余热回收综合利用工程系统"对印染厂进行整体节能综合改造是应对不断高涨的成本压力的有效之策;也是印染厂响应政府号召"节能减排"的理想解决方案江苏而今新能源科技有限公司太阳能及余热回收综合利用项目相关技术,包括三个方面:一是太阳能光热利用技术,利用太阳能将印染     

北营钢铁(集团)股份有限公司轧钢厂1780加热炉烟气余热利用技术

介绍一种热轧加热炉烟气余热回收利用技术的系统工程、改造方案、余热锅炉主要参数及经济效益,利用这套技术将加热炉烟气潜在余热进行梯级高效利用,并通过生产实践证明,达到了理想效果。     

铁合金生产中的余热回收及利用

余热回收是铁合金生产中的重要环节。文章就余热回收的途径及其利用进行了分析,分析结果得出,余热回收及利用可以实现铁合金生产节能降耗的目的。     

PERFORMANCE of HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR A SPRAY DRYER

A factorial experimental design was used to study the effect of exhaust heat recovery, air flow rate and outlet temperature on the energy consumption of a spray dryer. A commercial-scale cocurrent flow dryer with pressure atomization was used to dry 15 wt% sodium sulfate solutions. the inlet air to the dryer was preheated by using a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to recover energy from the exhaust air. Heat recovery reduced the energy consumption of the dryer by 12–28%, with the largest reduction occurring at the high levels of air flow rate (13,000 kg/h) and outlet temperature (104°C). the energy consumption of the dryer was lowest when heat was recovered at the low air flow rate (6500 kg/h) and low outlet temperature (82°C). No problems were encountered with fouling or cleaning of the heat exchanger. the total pressure drop across the heat exchanger varied from 0.05–0.2 kPa depending on the air flow rate. This additional flow restriction resulted in an estimated 8% decrease in air flow rate but had negligible effect on energy consumption. the warm-up time and the space required by the heat recovery unit were insignificant factors for this dryer. the payback period of the heat recovery system was estimated as 4.1–5.4 years with a rate of return of 21–28%.     

基于粒子群算法优化干燥部气罩通风系统送风温度

针对卫生纸机吨纸耗汽量高的问题,提出对干燥部气罩通风系统的送风温度进行优化。首先建立数学模型分析送风温度对干燥部能耗的影响,并采用粒子群算法对其进行优化。MATLAB仿真结果表明,在优化后的送风温度下,干燥部吨纸耗汽量存在最小值,具有可观的节能效益。     

大型纸机干燥部温湿参数动态特征及热能节约原理的研究

为了降低纸机干燥部热能消耗、提高水分蒸发效率,根据气压分布原理,通过各温湿参数内在关联机理和Matlab编程分析,从理论上系统地对干燥部温湿参数动态特征及热能节约原理进行了研究。研究表明,纸幅干燥曲线受烘缸蒸汽和进风状况共同影响,烘缸蒸汽消耗受进风状况影响;许多纸机干燥部虽运行正常,但是蒸汽消耗并非最低,可通过优化工艺参数,大大减少蒸汽用量;在保证产品质量的前提下,对热风交换系统零位进行优化调节与控制,可达到最佳节能效果。     

中高速卫生纸机烘缸轴承的振动特征分析

研究和发展新的中高速卫生纸机烘缸轴承故障诊断技术是造纸装备行业研究的一项重要课题。本课题在中高速卫生纸机烘缸轴承振动机理的基础上,结合烘缸轴承的自身结构和失效形式,研究了烘缸轴承内、外圈滚道和滚动体表面存在缺陷时的时域及频域特征,并给出固有振动频率及各种故障的振动特征频率方程。利用自主开发的故障诊断系统对实际测试数据进行快速傅里叶变换红外光谱分析发现,通过对中高速卫生纸机烘缸操作侧轴承进行状态监测,可以提取中高速卫生纸机烘缸轴承的振动特征,用于对烘缸轴承是否存在故障的在线判断。     

德国米葱热泵干燥设备及工艺研究

利用空气能热泵干燥技术,结合热风干燥香葱失水规律,设计了干燥100 kg德国米葱热泵干燥设备的干燥室系统,并对热泵干燥室进行应用试验。结果表明:热泵干燥系统供热充足,控制系统工作准确,可以满足德国米葱的干燥工艺;比较了干燥室内5处德国米葱的干燥品质,并与燃煤干燥室产品进行比较,热泵干燥德国米葱在色泽、复水性、感官评价及能耗方面均有一定的优势;本次干燥总耗电35 k W·h,单位能耗除湿量为2.64 kg/(k W·h),总费用为17.5元,核算干燥成本为2.3元/kg,能源成本降低了23.3%,对于生产实践具有很好的指导意义。     

Development of Mobile Dryer for Freshly Harvested Paddy

Presently, due to an increase in usage of large scale mechanical threshers and combine harvesters, moisture content of freshly harvested paddy is being high as much as 18-24%. The mechanical threshers or combine harvesters with elevated capacity enable for both harvesting and threshing at once. Thus the paddy harvested all over persists with high moisture content that affects adversely in unit operations of paddy processing such as cleaning, storing, and milling. The research was conducted to overcome this problem by developing a mobile paddy dryer that can be used at field level for freshly harvested paddy. A mobile dryer, one ton capacity, was developed and tested for drying freshly harvested paddy. The performance of the mobile dryer was evaluated in terms of overall thermal efficiency, heat utilization factor, coefficient of performance, total heat efficiency and head rice yields. The overall thermal efficiency of this dryer was 46.83%. The average heating efficiencies namely heat utilization factor and total heat efficiency were 0.82 and 0.72 respectively. The coefficient of performance of the developed dryer was 0.18. The head rice yields of freshly harvested paddy after drying at 60 °C air temperature was of 73.78%. The overall drying performance of the dryer was found to be good.     

加肋铸铁烘缸的设计理念

提出了铸铁烘缸的升级换代构想-加肋铸铁烘缸的设计理念。在经历了三角形槽型结构、T型槽结构加肋铸铁烘缸之后，现多采用缸体内新的开楷方式，并在加肋烘缸缸体内安装-中心轴。制造材料最好使用高于QT400--18的球墨铸铁。对于烘缸的设计计算，现通常采用理论分析与有限元分析计算，计算中应注意温度应力、离心载荷、内压外压引起的应力场以及由端盖螺栓预紧力引起的接触应力等因素。设计时应考虑加肋烘缸的保温节能端盖。     

皮革热泵干燥设备合理设计的探讨

本文介绍了皮革热泵干燥设备的设计原则和方法.重点介绍了热泵干燥系统工况点的合理设定,并通过模拟实验研究了干燥室内干燥介质分布均匀化的问题,提出了合理的有风方式及措施,同时还对干燥室的总体结构方式和布局等问题进行了探讨.     

Improved quality and energy performance of a fixed-bed longan dryer by thermodynamic modifications

Modifications including air deflector installations in the plenum and insulation to improve performance of an industrial longan dryer were evaluated. Trials were carried out at a commercial drying facility according to industrial practices. Analyses of drying conditions, product quality and energy consumption were conducted. The study found that air velocity distribution was improved by plenum modifications and heat supply was more consistent after insulation. Modifications increased drying uniformity and insulation produced more homogenous product color. Evaluation of dryer performance showed that inverted mesh in the plenum and insulation reduced energy demand and increased efficiency by 1.51–4.27% respective of dryer modification. Cost savings of US$ 4–10 per batch were calculated with an estimated payback period of 5–12 batches. In conclusion, simple modifications of this dryer type show potential for improving product uniformity, reducing energy requirement and increasing profitability. Combination of the best modifications is recommended for further research.