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1.
Several ingots (0.0254 m in diam × 0.10 m long) of nickel-30 wt pct copper, nickel-10 wt pct cobalt and iron-25 wt pct nickel
were solidified with various undercoolings up to about 200 K, prior to nucleation of the solid. The materials were mechanically
tested in the ascast condition. In nickel-30 wt pct copper and iron-25 wt pct nickel alloys the 0.2 pct offset yield strength,
ductility and fatigue strength increased with undercooling. A linear relationship was established between 0.2 pct offset yield
strength and the square root of secondary dendrite arm spacing in dendritic alloys (undercooled less than 170 K) or that of
grain diameter in nondendritic alloys (undercooled more than 170 K). In iron-25 wt pct nickel limited testing indicated improvements
in Charpy V-notch impact strength and in fracture toughness with undercooling. No improvement of tensile properties with undercooling
was observed in nickel-10 wt pct cobalt, an alloy which solidified normally with very low microsegregation. 相似文献
2.
Melt-spun Al-3 wt pct Si with and without ternary additions of Na and Sr has been heat-treated above the Al-Si eutectic temperature
in a differential scanning calorimeter to form a microstructure of Al-Si eutectic liquid droplets embedded in the α-Al matrix.
During subsequent cooling in the calorimeter, the heterogeneous nucleation temperature for solidification of Si in contact
with the surrounding Al matrix depends sensitively on the alloy purity, with a nucleation undercooling which increases with
increasing alloy purity from 9 to 63 K below the Al-Si eutectic temperature. These results are consistent with Southin’s hypothesis
that low levels of trace P impurities are effective in catalyzing Si nucleation in contact with the surrounding Al matrix.
With a low Al purity alloy, 0.1 wt pct Na addition increases the Si nucleation undercooling from 9 to 50 K, 0.15 wt pct Sr
addition does not affect the Si nucleation temperature, and 0.3 wt pct Sr addition decreases the Si nucleation undercooling
from 9 to 3 to 4 K. The solidified microstructure of the liquid Al-Si eutectic droplets embedded in the Al matrix depends
on the Si nucleation undercooling. With low Si nucleation undercooling, each Al-Si eutectic liquid droplet solidifies to form
one faceted Si particle; however, with high Si nucleation undercooling, each Al-Si eutectic droplet solidifies to form a large
number of nonfaceted Si particles embedded in Al.
Formerly with the Oxford Centre for Advanced Materials and Composites, Department of Materials, Oxford University 相似文献
3.
Y. Wu T. J. Piccone Y. Shiohara M. C. Flemings 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1988,19(4):1109-1119
Studies were made of structure and solute distribution in undercooled droplets of nickel-25 wt pct tin alloy and the eutectic
nickel-32.5 wt pct tin alloy. Structures of levitation melted droplets of the Ni-25 wt pct Sn alloy showed a gradual and continuous
transition from dendritic to fine-grained spherical with increasing initial undercooling up to about 180 K. Results suggest
that all samples solidified dendritically and that the final structures obtained were largely the result of ripening. Experimental
data on minimum solute composition in the samples produced are bounded by two calculated curves, both of which assume equilibrium
at all liquid-solid interfaces during recalescence and subsequent cooling. One assumes complete diffusion in the solid during
recalescence; the other assumes limited diffusion, but partial remelting to avoid superheating of the solid. Several observations
support the view that the eutectic alloy solidifies dendritically, much as the hypoeutectic alloy does. Surface dendrites
were seen in regions of surface shrinkage cavities and a coarse “dendritic” structure can be discerned on polished sections,
which seems to correspond to the large surface “dendrites” seen by high-speed photographs of the hypoeutectic alloy. The structure
of highly undercooled eutectic samples is composed fully of an anomalous eutectic. Samples solidified with intermediate amounts
of undercooling possess some lamellar eutectic which, it is believed, solidified after recalescence was complete. 相似文献
4.
Toshihiko Koseki Merton C. Flemings 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1995,26(11):2991-2999
Solidification of undercooled Fe-Cr-Ni alloys was studied by high-speed pyrometry during and after recalescence of levitated,
gas-cooled droplets. Alloys were of 70 wt pct Fe, with Cr varying from 15 to 19.7 wt pct, balance was Ni. Undercoolings were
up to about 300 K. Alloys of Cr content less than that of the eutectic (18.1 wt pct) have face-centered cubic (fee) (austenite)
as their equilibrium primary phase, and alloys of higher Cr content have body-centered cubic (bcc) (ferrite) as their equilibrium
primary phase. However, except at low undercoolings in the hypoeutectic alloys, all samples solidified with bcc as the primary
phase; the bcc then transformed to fcc during initial recalescence for the lower Cr contents or during subsequent cooling
for the higher Cr contents. The bcc-to-fcc transformation, whether in the semisolid or solid state, was detected by a second
recalescence. In the hypoeutectic alloys, the growth of primary metastable bcc apparently results from preferred nucleation
of bcc. The subsequent nucleation of fcc may occur at bcc/bcc grain boundaries.
Formerly Graduate Student, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 相似文献
5.
Seong-Gyoon Kim Sung-Ho Shin Toshio Suzuki Takateru Umeda 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1994,25(12):2815-2826
A numerical analysis of the microstructural evolution of microcellular and cellular α-Al phase in gas-atomized Al-8 wt pct
Fe droplets was represented. The two-dimensional (2-D) non-Newtonian heat transfer and the dendritic growth theory in the
undercooled melt were combined, assuming a point nucleation on the droplet surface and the macroscopically smooth solid-liquid
interface enveloping the cell tips. It reproduced the main characteristic features of the reported microstructures quite well
and predicted a considerable volume fraction of thermal dendritic growth region in a droplet smaller than 10 μm if an initial
undercooling was larger than 100 K. The volume fractions of the microcellular region, gA, and the sum of the microcellular and cellular region, gα, were predicted as functions of the heat-transfer coefficient, h, and the initial undercooling, ΔT. It was shown that gA and gα, in the typical atomization processes with h = 0.1 to 1.0 W/C.M2K, are dominated by ΔT and h, respectively, but for h larger than 4.0 W/C.M2 K, a fully microcellular structure can be obtained irrespective of the initial undercooling. 相似文献
6.
Microstructural characteristics of Ni-Sb eutectic alloys under substantial undercooling and containerless solidification conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Both Ni-36 wt pct Sb and Ni-52.8 wt pct Sb eutectic alloys were highly undercooled and rapidly solidified with the glass-fluxing
method and drop-tube technique. Bulk samples of Ni-36 pct Sb and Ni-52.8 pct Sb eutectic alloys were undercooled by up to
225 K (0.16 T
E
) and 218 K (0.16 T
E
), respectively, with the glass-fluxing method. A transition from lamellar eutectic to anomalous eutectic was revealed beyond
a critical undercooling ΔT
1*, which was complete at an undercooling of ΔT
2*. For Ni-36 pct Sb, ΔT
1*≈60 K and ΔT
2*≈218 K; for Ni-52.8 pct Sb, ΔT
1*≈40 K and ΔT
2*≈139 K. Under a drop-tube containerless solidification condition, the eutectic microstructures of these two eutectic alloys
also exhibit such a “lamellar eutectic-anomalous eutectic” morphology transition. Meanwhile, a kind of spherical anomalous
eutectic grain was found in a Ni-36 pct Sb eutectic alloy processed by the drop-tube technique, which was ascribed to the
good spatial symmetry of the temperature field and concentration field caused by a reduced gravity condition during free fall.
During the rapid solidification of a Ni-52.8 pct Sb eutectic alloy, surface nucleation dominates the nucleation event, even
when the undercooling is relatively large. Theoretical calculations on the basis of the current eutectic growth and dendritic
growth models reveal that γ-Ni5Sb2 dendritic growth displaces eutectic growth at large undercoolings in these two eutectic alloys. The tendency of independent
nucleation of the two eutectic phases and their cooperative dendrite growth are responsible for the lamellar eutectic-anomalous
eutectic microstructural transition. 相似文献
7.
Effects of Undercooling and Cooling Rate on Peritectic Phase Crystallization Within Ni-Zr Alloy Melt
The liquid Ni-16.75 at. pct Zr peritectic alloy was substantially undercooled and containerlessly solidified by an electromagnetic levitator and a drop tube. The dependence of the peritectic solidification mode on undercooling was established based on the results of the solidified microstructures, crystal growth velocity, as well as X-ray diffraction patterns. Below a critical undercooling of 124 K, the primary Ni7Zr2 phase preferentially nucleates and grows from the undercooled liquid, which is followed by a peritectic reaction of Ni7Zr2+L → Ni5Zr. The corresponding microstructure is composed of the Ni7Zr2 dendrites, peritectic Ni5Zr phase, and inter-dendritic eutectic. Nevertheless, once the liquid undercooling exceeds the critical undercooling, the peritectic Ni5Zr phase directly precipitates from this undercooled liquid. However, a negligible amount of residual Ni7Zr2 phase still appears in the microstructure, indicating that nucleation and growth of the Ni7Zr2 phase are not completely suppressed. The micromechanical property of the peritectic Ni5Zr phase in terms of the Vickers microhardness is enhanced, which is ascribed to the transition of the peritectic solidification mode. To suppress the formation of the primary phase completely, this alloy was also containerlessly solidified in free fall experiments. Typical peritectic solidified microstructure forms in large droplets, while only the peritectic Ni5Zr phase appears in smaller droplets, which gives an indication that the peritectic Ni5Zr phase directly precipitates from the undercooled liquid by completely suppressing the growth of the primary Ni7Zr2 phase and the peritectic reaction due to the combined effects of the large undercooling and high cooling rate. 相似文献
8.
A. Munitz V. Y. Zenou C. Cotler M. Talyanker 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1997,28(4):1035-1046
The impact of cooling rates on the microstructure of Al-U alloys was studied by optical, scanning electron, and transmission
electron microscopy. A variety of solidification techniques were employed to obtain cooling rates ranging between 3 × 10−2 and 106 K/s. High-purity uranium (99.9 pct) and high-purity aluminum (99.99 pct), or “commercially pure” type Al-1050 aluminum alloys
were used to prepare Al-U alloys with U concentration ranging between 3 and 22 wt pct. The U concentration at which a coupled
eutectic growth was observed depends on the cooling rates imposed during solidification and ranged from 13.8 wt pct for the
slower cooling rates to more than 22 wt pct for the fastest cooling rates. The eutectic morphology and its distribution depends
on the type of aluminum used in preparing the alloys and on the cooling rates during solidification. The eutectic in alloys
prepared from pure aluminum was evenly distributed, while for those prepared from Al-1050, the eutectic was unevenly distributed,
with eutectic colonies of up to 3 mm in diameter. Two lamellar eutectic structures were observed in alloys prepared from pure
aluminum containing more than 18 wt pct U, which solidified by cooling rates of about 10 K/s. One structure consisted of the
stable eutectic between UAl4 and Al lamella. The other structure consisted of a metastable eutectic between UAl3 and Al lamella. At least three different eutectic morphologies were observed in alloys prepared from Al-1050. 相似文献
9.
Y. Wu T. J. Piccone Y. Shiohara M. C. Flemings 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1987,18(6):925-932
High-speed optical temperature measurements were made of the solidification behavior of levitated metal samples within a transparent
glass medium. Two undercooled Ni-Sn alloys were examined, one a hypoeutectic alloy and the other of eutectic composition.
Recalescence times for the 9 mm diameter samples studied decreased with increasing undercooling from the order of 1.0 second
at 50 K under-cooling to less than 10−3 second for undercoolings greater than 200 K. Both alloys recalesced smoothly to a maximum recalescence temperature at which
the solid was at or near its equilibrium composition and equilibrium weight fraction. For the samples of hypoeutectic alloy
that recalesced above the eutectic temperature, a second nucleation event occurred on cooling to the eutectic temperature.
For samples which recalesced only to the eutectic temperature, no subsequent nucleation event was observed on cooling. It
is inferred in this latter case that both the α and β phases were present at the end of recalescence. The thermal data obtained
suggest a solidification model involving (1) dendrites of very fine structure growing into the melt at temperatures near the
bulk undercooling temperature, (2) thickening of dendrite arms with rapid recalescence, and (3) continued, much slower recalescence
accompanying dendrite ripening. 相似文献
10.
Zengyun Jian Kosuke Nagashio Kazuhiko Kuribayashi 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2002,33(9):2947-2953
Using an electromagnetic levitation facility with a laser heating unit, silicon droplets were highly undercooled in the containerless
state. The crystal morphologies on the surface of the undercooled droplets during the solidification process and after solidification
were recorded live by using a high-speed camera and were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The growth behavior of
silicon was found to vary not only with the nucleation undercooling, but also with the time after nucleation. In the earlier
stage of solidification, the silicon grew in lateral, intermediary, and continuous modes at low, medium, and high undercoolings,
respectively. In the later stage of solidification, the growth of highly undercooled silicon can transform to the lateral
mode from the nonlateral one. The transition time of the sample with 320 K of undercooling was about 535 ms after recalescence,
which was much later than the time where recalescence was completed. 相似文献
11.
Henry C. de Groh 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1994,25(11):2507-2516
The accepted primary mechanism for causing macrosegregation in directional solidification (DS) is thermal and solutal convection
in the liquid. This article demonstrates the effects of under-cooling and nucleation on macrosegregation and shows that undercooling,
in some cases, can be the cause of end-to-end macrosegregation. Alloy ingots of Pb-Sn were directionally solidified upward
and downward, with and without undercooling. A thermal gradient of about 5.1 K/cm and a cooling rate of 7.7 K/h were used.
Crucibles of borosilicate glass, stainless steel with Cu bottoms, and fused silica were used. High undercoolings were achieved
in the glass crucibles, and very low undercoolings were achieved in the steel/Cu crucible. During under-cooling, large, coarse
Pb dendrites were found to be present. Large amounts of macrosegregation developed in the undercooled eutectic and hypoeutectic
alloys. This segre-gation was found to be due to the nucleation and growth of primary Pb-rich dendrites, continued coarsening
of Pb dendrites during undercooling of the interdendritic liquid, Sn enrichment of the liquid, and dendritic fragmentation
and settling during and after recalescence. Eutectic ingots that solidified with no undercooling had no macrosegregation,
because both Pb and Sn phases were effectively nucleated at the start of solidification, thus initiating the growth of solid
of eutectic composition. It is thus shown that undercooling and single-phase nucleation can cause significant macrosegregation
by increasing the amount of solute rejected into the liquid and by the movement of unattached dendrites and dendrite fragments,
and that macrosegregation in excess of what would be expected due to diffusion transport is not necessarily caused by convection
in the liquid. 相似文献
12.
The rate of reduction of FeO in the slag by carbon in iron droplets (2.9 wt pct C, 0.01 wt pct S) was studied for CaO-SiO2-MgO slags containing between 3 and 35 wt pct FeO and temperatures ranging from 1643 to 1763 K. The effects of Fe2O3 additions to the slag and sulfur variations in the metal on the reaction rate were also studied. It was found that the behavior
of the metal droplets in the slag, as observed by X-ray fluoroscopy, changed significantly with FeO content in the slag. Below
10 wt pct FeO, the droplet remained intact while reacting with the slag; however, above this FeO concentration, the droplet
became emulsified within the slag. The large increase in surface area of the metal droplet due to emulsification caused the
rate of reaction to be one to two orders of magnitude faster than for droplets that did not become emulsified. It was suggested
that when the droplet is emulsified, the surface area and reaction kinetics are greatly increased, and the rate becomes controlled
by mass transfer of FeO as Fe2+ and O2− ions in the slag to the emulsified droplet. At low FeO contents for which the droplet does not emulsify, the rate is controlled
by dissociation of CO2 on the metal. It was also found that a critical temperature exists for a given FeO content at which point the rate of CO
evolution increases dramatically. Additions of Fe2O3 to the slag and sulfur to the metal caused significant changes to the rate of reaction possibly by affecting the emulsification
behavior of the droplet. 相似文献
13.
《Acta Metallurgica》1987,35(3):765-769
Small liquid Ge droplets (0.3–0.5 mm diameter) have been undercooled 150–415 ± 20°C below Tm in B2O3 flux before solidifying to the diamond cubic phase. A correlation was found between initial undercooling and final grain size. Droplets undercooled <300°C exhibited a coarse grain structure. At greater undercoolings, the grain size became progressively finer. This correlation may be subsidiary to the dependence of grain size on interfacial undercooling. Ge droplets lightly doped with Sn solidified dendritically for undercoolings greater than 250°C. Twinned dendrites have been observed at small undercoolings (~ 10°C) in other experiments. It appears that larger interfacial undercoolings are necessary to grow the twin-free dendrites which we have observed. The correlation between grain size and the presence of dendrites suggests that the grain refinement observed in Ge samples undercooled > 300°C stems from dendritic break-up during solidification. 相似文献
14.
Satish Vitta 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1993,24(8):1869-1875
The growth behavior of the disordered and ordered intermetallic compounds in the Ti-Co system from undercooled melts during
rapid solidification has been studied in detail. It was found that cooling rates of the order of 1010 to 1012 K s-1 were insufficient to suppress the nucleation and growth of the intermetallic compounds. The compound isomorphous to Ti2Co does not exhibit faceting, indicating a nonsingular crystal/liquid interface morphology at high growth velocities. While
a TiCo-like compound was found to have a ordered bcc structure, the formation of even the disordered TiCo3 was completely suppressed by the high isothermal velocities, leading to glass formation. The growth velocity of compounds
formed in the composition range 23.3 to 59.7 at. pct Co was found to be diffusion limited with nucleation times smaller than
the total melt lifetimė in the process. The overall glass formation range was found to be very small, although the equilibrium
phase diagram shows the presence of a variety of intermetallic compounds. 相似文献
15.
The selection of the primary solidifying phase in undercooled stainless steel melts is theoretically analyzed in terms of
nucleation theory. Nucleation phenomena are considered using different models for the solid-liquid interface energy. The classical
nucleation theory for sharp interfaces and an improved modification, the diffuse interface theory, are applied. The influence
of deviations of the nucleus composition from the overall alloy composition is also revealed. A preferred nucleation of the
metastable bcc phase in fcc equilibrium solidification-type alloys is predicted. The critical undercooling of metastable crystallization
as a function of alloy composition is calculated for an isoplethal section at 69 at. pct Fe of Fe69Cr31-x
Ni
x
alloys. The results are summarized in a phase selection diagram predicting the primary solidification mode as a function
of undercooling and melt composition. 相似文献
16.
A. Munitz 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》1987,18(3):565-575
The effect of cooling rates on the microstructure of Fe−Cu alloys was investigated. A variety of solidification techniques
was employed, in order to obtain a wide range of cooling rates. At high cooling rates (about 104 K/sec), and in the composition range 30 to 80 wt pct Cu, the microstructures showed clear evidence of metastable liquid separation.
This indicates a melt supercooling of about 50 to 100 K. Liquid separation coupled with high interfacial velocities resulted
in solute trapping, and in a spherical morphology for one of the solids. At cooling rates lower than 104 K/sec no liquid separation was observed, and the alloys solidified in a conventional manner,i.e., with a polycrystalline or a dendritic microstructure, depending on the Cu content. The type of the γ-Fe to α-Fe solid state
transformation, taking place during cooling after solidification, depends on the cooling rates as well as on the Cu content
in the γ-Fe phase. At medium cooling rates the transformation is martensitic, while at low or high cooling rates a polycrystalline
transformed structure is obtained.
A. MUNITZ, formerly Visiting Research Associate at the University of Florida at Gainesville, FL 32611 相似文献
17.
A model was developed to predict micro structural development in lead—61.9 wt pct Sn (eutectic) alloys which were undercooled
5 to 25 K below their equilibrium freezing temperature prior to being preferentially nucleated. While the initial solidification
velocity rapidly increases with increasing undercooling, the model predicts it to quickly decrease, prior to 10 pct solid
formation, after which growth continues near the equilibrium temperature. Experimentally, and in accordance with the prediction,
the eutectic emanated from the nucleation site with an initially fine spacing that increased with distance. However, in contrast
to the model, the eutectic grew outward in a spokelike manner with each arm surrounded by a globular structure, this being
attributed to the difficulty of lateral nucleation. Microstructural uniformity was further compromised by equiaxed eutectic
grains which grew ahead of the advancing interface in the now only slightly undercooled liquid. Consequently, while containerless
techniques may ensure sample purity and permit processing of high-temperature materials, development of a continuously fine
and uniformly aligned microstructure cannot be assumed.
This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Microgravity Solidification, Theory and Experimental
Results” as a part of the 1993 TMS Fall meeting, October 17-21, 1993, Pittsburgh, PA, under the auspices of the TMS Solidification
Committee. 相似文献
18.
The droplet emulsion technique, which involves dispersal of a bulk liquid alloy into a collection of fine droplets (5 to 30μm), was applied to Sn-Sb alloys to yield high levels of controlled undercooling. The maximum undercooling levels achieved
varied from 179 °C for pure Sn to 113 °C for a Sn-16 at. pct Sb alloy. Analysis of hypoperitectic alloy samples (alloys with
an Sb content less than that of the liquid at the peritectic temperature) indicates that solute trapping occurs during solidification
at the levels of undercooling and cooling rate investigated, yielding nearly homogeneousβ-tin solid solutions with compositions approaching those of the bulk alloys. With increasing undercooling and/or cooling rate,
hyperperitectic alloys exhibit a transition from a highly segregated structure consisting of faceted primary intermetallic
phase and cellularβ to a structure consisting primarily of a supersaturated tin-rich solid solution. Lattice constant measurements confirm that
virtually complete supersaturation ofβ-tin was achieved in emulsion samples cooled at 200 °C ss−1 for compositions up to approximately 20 at. pct Sb. The development and characteristics of subsequent solid-state precipitation
were used to guide the interpretation of the often complex solidification reaction sequences in the hyperperitectic alloys.
The formation of supersaturatedβ-tin solid solutions in the undercooled samples is related to the appropriate metastable phase equilibria and the development
of solute trapping.
Formerly Graduate Student, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison 相似文献
19.
Arvind Prasad Hani Nenein Kelly Conlon 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(5):1589-1596
A new technique is introduced to quantify microsegregation during rapid solidification. The quantification involves calculation
of the average solute solubility in the primary phase during solidification of an Al-Cu binary alloy. The calculation is based
on using volume percent eutectic and weight percent of second phase (in the eutectic), which were obtained experimentally.
Neutron diffraction experiments and stereology calculation on scanning electron microscope images were done on impulse atomized
Al-Cu alloys of three compositions (nominal), 5 wt pct Cu, 10 wt pct Cu, and 17 wt pct Cu, atomized under N2 and He gas. Neutron diffraction experiments yielded weight percent CuAl2 data and stereology yielded volume percent eutectic data. These two data were first used to determine the weight percent
eutectic. Using the weight percent eutectic and weight percent CuAl2 in mass and volume balance equations, the average solute solubility in the primary phase could be calculated. The experimental
results of the amount of eutectic, tomography results from previous work, and results from the calculations suggest that the
atomized droplets are in metastable state during the nucleation undercooling of the primary phase, and the effect of metastability
propagates through to the eutectic formation stage. The metastable effect is more pronounced in alloys with higher solute
composition. 相似文献
20.
Mingjun Li Ph.D. Candidate Gencang Yang Yaohe Zhou 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1999,30(11):2941-2949
Fe-Co alloy melts with Co contents of 10, 30, and 60 at. pct were undercooled to investigate the dependence of the primary
phase on grain coarsening. A pronounced characteristic is that the metastable fcc phase in the Fe-10 at. pct Co alloy and
the metastable bcc phase in the Fe-30 at. pct Co alloy will primarily nucleate when undercoolings of the melts are larger
than the critical undercoolings for the formation of metastable phases in both alloys. No metastable bcc phase can be observed
in the Fe-60 at. pct Co alloy, even when solidified at the maximum undercooling of ΔT = 312 K. Microstructural investigation shows that the grain size in Fe-10 and Fe-30 at. pct Co alloys increases with undercoolings
when the undercoolings of the melts exceed the critical undercoolings. The grain size of the Fe-60 at. pct Co alloy solidified
in the undercooling range of 30 to 312 K, in which no metastable phase can be produced, is much finer than those of the Fe-10
and Fe-30 at. pct Co alloys after the formation of metastable phases. The model for breakage of the primary metastable dendrite
at the solid-liquid interface during recalescence and remelting of dendrite cores is suggested on the basis of microstructures
observed in the Fe-10 and Fe-30 at. pct Co alloys. The grain coarsening after the formation of metastable phases is analyzed,
indicating that the different crystal structures present after the crystallization of the primary phase may play a significant
role in determining the final grain size in the undercooled Fe-Co melts. 相似文献