视觉检测的LED光源自适应亮度控制系统

照明光源的亮度控制视觉检测中的一个难题,为了使视觉检测系统获取优质图像,本文采用嵌入式ARM做控制器,利用亮度传感器采集环境亮度,通过实验研究图像采集图像灰度值与光照强度的关系,获取高质图像需要的合理亮度阈值,作为图像采集时LED光源亮度调节的参照,通过软件调节驱动LED的PWM信号,实现自适应调整LED光源亮度。     

基于视觉传感器的PCB缺陷检测系统的研究与实现

为了实现PCB缺陷的在线自动检测,设计了一种PCB缺陷自动检测系统,该系统主要由机器臂、电气控制系统以及视觉传感器系统等组成。通过可编程控制的图像采集系统获取高质量的原始视觉图像,利用图像处理实现对缺陷目标的自动检测及识别。实验结果验证了该系统检测PCB板缺陷的高效性和实时性。     

基于视觉传感器的输液中异物检测系统设计

为实现输液中异物的在线自动检测,设计了一种基于高性能视觉传感器的液体中微小异物检测系统.针对输液中微小异物的特点,设计了可编程控制的图像采集系统,以获取高质量的原始视觉图像.对采集到的图像通过预处理、特征提取、异物目标识别分类等算法实现了对异物目标的在线检测.实验表明:该系统对输液中粒径大于50 μm异物的识别准确率和识别速度均高于熟练灯检工.     

基于微处理器的封闭式环境计算机视觉光源设计

本文介绍了一种基于微处理器的封闭式环境光源系统。采用白色LED构成环形光源面板,光照强度由微处理器提供的PWM信号通过驱动电路实现调节。通过光照强度稳定性实验表明,本系统能提供稳定光照,满足视觉系统的需要。     

基于侧抑制网络的二维Otsu阈值分割算法

传统二维Otsu阈值分割算法未考虑人类视觉特性,分割结果不符合人眼视觉感受。为此,提出一种二维Otsu算法与侧抑制网络相结合的分割算法。该算法从基于人类视觉系统的侧抑制网络出发,利用侧抑制网络增强中心,抑制周围的特性,通过侧抑制网络处理原始图像,得到侧抑制图像,构建基于像素的灰度信息和侧抑制信息的二维直方图,并采用类间最大方差作为最佳阈值的选取准则。实验结果表明,与传统的Otsu算法和二维Otsu算法等相比,该算法具有较好的对比度、光照强度适应性和间断拟合能力,并能提高对图像噪声的鲁棒性,获得更理想的分割结果。     

基于主观试验的自适应视频水印算法

借助主观试验,给出了一种主观自适应视频水印算法.通过主观试验确定图像中具有不同活动性的像素点水印嵌入强度可觉察门限,得到掩盖函数,并依此控制水印信息的嵌入强度,从而在确保图像具有高质量的同时,充分挖掘视觉潜力,提高水印信息的嵌入强度.实验结果表明,与空域非自适应水印算法和基于简单视觉模型的自适应水印算法相比,基于主观试验的自适应水印算法在保证图像具有高主观质量的同时获得了更高的水印信息检测正确率.     

基于机器视觉技术的易拉罐罐底喷码检测系统设计

本文根据食品饮料行业易拉罐生产线的工作环境以及罐底喷码检测的检测要求,研制了基于康耐视机器视觉的易拉罐罐底喷码检测系统,实现对易拉罐喷码不合格的产品进行自动检测与快速剔除。该检测系统由光源与视觉处理系统、电气控制与人机交互系统、次品剔除装置等组成。当易拉罐通过成像系统时,金属接近开关触发光源频闪和工业智能相机,获得高速易拉罐罐底图像,智能相机对其分析处理,由电气控制系统执行检测结果,从而达到分拣不良品的目的。通过实际项目应用证明：该系统实时性好,可靠性高,有效地提高了在生产过程中产品喷码质量的控制。     

改进的彩色图像去雾效果评价方法

针对当前对图像去雾效果评价的不足,提出了一种改进的评价彩色图像去雾效果的方法。该方法同时考虑了对图像边缘的评价以及对颜色失真的评价,基于图像雾化的大气散射模型,通过将原始图像转换到相对色彩空间,提出了度量颜色失真的标准;结合对比度增强的评价方式,提出了一个统一的评价指标,从而实现很好地给出一个符合人眼视觉判断的客观评价结果。实验中基于多种去雾算法的去雾结果,对基于可见边比的评估方法、CNC评价指标和本文提出的评价指标进行了对比,结果表明本文改进的评价标准能更好地体现去雾的质量,获得与视觉判定更加接近的结论。     

新型高密度电路板的自动光学检测系统设计

为提高自动光学检测系统(AOI)的缺陷检出率,研究了一种采用多色光源照明,利用机器视觉获取被测高密度印刷电路板(HDI型PCB)图像,通过图像处理快速准确地识别出各种缺陷的新型AOI。实验装置由主控计算机、电气控制系统、精密机械运动装置、多色光源照明和图像采集系统等组成。图像处理及识别软件基于OPENCV和VisualStudio2005开发,模块化设计,包括光源控制、图像采集、图像拼接、图像定位、路径规划、缺陷检测和缺陷统计等模块。实验结果表明,新型AOI系统可检出加载HDI型PCB的各种缺陷,缺陷的检出率可达99.9%,误报率只有0.3%。     

灰色复数矩阵SVD的无参考模糊图像质量评价

为了进一步突出重要的图像结构特征,采用复数矩阵表示图像,提出了基于灰色复数奇异值分解的无参考模糊图像质量评价方法。该方法首先将原始模糊图像经点扩散函数生成二次模糊图像,再采用复数矩阵的形式表示原始图像和二次模糊图像的结构特征,在此基础上,对原始模糊图像和二次模糊图像进行分块复数矩阵奇异值分解,获得区域相关度,采用灰色关联度评价模糊图像质量。在3个数据库上的实验结果表明,该方法评价结果合理,与主观评价具有较好的一致性。     

Spatially varying image based lighting by light probe sequences

We present a novel technique for capturing spatially or temporally resolved light probe sequences, and using them for image based lighting. For this purpose we have designed and built a real-time light probe, a catadioptric imaging system that can capture the full dynamic range of the lighting incident at each point in space at video frame rates, while being moved through a scene. The real-time light probe uses a digital imaging system which we have programmed to capture high quality, photometrically accurate color images of 512×512 pixels with a dynamic range of 10000000:1 at 25 frames per second. By tracking the position and orientation of the light probe, it is possible to transform each light probe into a common frame of reference in world coordinates, and map each point and direction in space along the path of motion to a particular frame and pixel in the light probe sequence. We demonstrate our technique by rendering synthetic objects illuminated by complex real world lighting, first by using traditional image based lighting methods and temporally varying light probe illumination, and second an extension to handle spatially varying lighting conditions across large objects and object motion along an extended path.     

Correction of color information of a 3D model using a range intensity image

Most active optical range sensors record, simultaneously with the range image, the amount of light reflected at each measured surface location: this information forms what is called a range intensity image, also known as a reflectance image. This paper proposes a method that uses this type of image for the correction of the color information of a textured 3D model. This color information is usually obtained from color images acquired using a digital camera. The lighting condition for the color images are usually not controlled, thus this color information may not be accurate. On the other hand, the illumination condition for the range intensity image is known since it is obtained from a controlled lighting and observation configuration, as required for the purpose of active optical range measurement. The paper describes a method for combining the two sources of information, towards the goal of compensating for a reference range intensity image is first obtained by considering factors such as sensor properties, or distance and relative surface orientation of the measured surface. The color image of the corresponding surface portion is then corrected using this reference range intensity image. A B-spline interpolation technique is applied to reduce the noise of range intensity images. Finally, a method for the estimation of the illumination color is applied to compensate for the light source color. Experiments show the effectiveness of the correction method using range intensity images.     

A method of illumination compensation for human face image based on quotient image

Illumination variation is one of the critical factors affecting face recognition rate. A novel approach for human face illumination compensation is presented in this paper. It constructs the nine-dimension face illumination subspace based on quotient image. In addition, with the aim to improve algorithm efficiency, a half-face illumination image is proposed and the low-dimension training set of the face image under different illumination conditions are obtained by means of PCA and wavelet transform. After processing, two different illumination compensation strategies are given: one is adding light, and the other is removing light. Based on the illumination compensation strategy, we implement the typical illumination sample image synthesis and the standard illumination sample image synthesis on a PCA feature subspace and a wavelet transform subspace, respectively, and the illumination compensation of the gray images and the color images are further realized. Experimental results based on the Yale Face Database B, the Extended Yale Face Database B and the CAS-PEAL Face Database indicate that execution time after compensation is approximately half the time and face recognition rate is improved by 20% compared with that of the original images.     

Adapting softcopy color reproduction to ambient illumination

Abstract— The perceived colors of an image seen on a self‐luminous display are affected by ambient illumination. The ambient light reflected from the display faceplate is mixed with the image‐forming light emitted by the display. In addition to this direct physical effect of viewing flare, ambient illumination causes perceptual changes by affecting the adaptation state of the viewer's visual system. This paper first discusses these effects and how they can be compensated, outlining a display system able to adjust its output based on prevailing lighting conditions. The emphasis is on compensating for the perceptual effects of viewing conditions by means of color‐appearance modeling. The effects of varying the degree of chromatic adaptation parameter D and the surround compensation parameters c and N_c of the CIECAM97s color‐appearance model were studied in psychophysical experiments. In these memory‐based paired comparison experiments, the observers judged the appearance of images shown on an LCD under three different ambient‐illumination conditions. The dependence of the optimal parameter values on the level of ambient illumination was evident. The results of the final experiment, using a category scaling technique, showed the benefit of using the color‐appearance model with the optimized parameters in compensating for the perceptual changes caused by varying ambient illumination.     

基于图像的光照模型研究综述

从传统图形学的绘制技术与基于图像的绘制技术相结合的角度出发,以全光函数这个基于图像的绘制技术的理论基础为核心,概括性地提出基于图像的光照研究的基本任务实际上是对全光函数的采样、重建、合成和重采样的过程,并进一步地指出,基于图像的光照研究的重要意义在于扩展了原有基于图像的绘制技术中只能改变视点位置和视线方向的限制,使之可以通过改变场景本身的组成成分产生出更加丰富的光照效果。同时,该文综述性地分析了近期内有关基于图像的光照问题的部分研究工作,并从如何改变场景光照条件的角度出发,按照所使用的光照模型的不同,将这些方法分成三大类,即利用传统光照模型的方法、利用基于图像的光照模型的方法以及无需光照模型的方法。并从这个分类框架出发,进一步分析指出,利用基于图像的光照模型的方法将是未来研究的重点,并沿着这一方向尝试性地提出了一种新的模型。     

Illumination invariant face recognition

The appearance of a face will vary drastically when the illumination changes. Variations in lighting conditions make face recognition an even more challenging and difficult task. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to handle the illumination problem. Our method can restore a face image captured under arbitrary lighting conditions to one with frontal illumination by using a ratio-image between the face image and a reference face image, both of which are blurred by a Gaussian filter. An iterative algorithm is then used to update the reference image, which is reconstructed from the restored image by means of principal component analysis (PCA), in order to obtain a visually better restored image. Image processing techniques are also used to improve the quality of the restored image. To evaluate the performance of our algorithm, restored images with frontal illumination are used for face recognition by means of PCA. Experimental results demonstrate that face recognition using our method can achieve a higher recognition rate based on the Yale B database and the Yale database. Our algorithm has several advantages over other previous algorithms: (1) it does not need to estimate the face surface normals and the light source directions, (2) it does not need many images captured under different lighting conditions for each person, nor a set of bootstrap images that includes many images with different illuminations, and (3) it does not need to detect accurate positions of some facial feature points or to warp the image for alignment, etc.     

Illumination Morphing: Generating a Smooth Change of Illumination between Two Color Images

The paper proposes a method for generating a sequence of images with smooth change of illumination from two input images with different lighting conditions. The idea of the proposed method is based on image morphing. While conventional image morphing changes object shapes between two input images, here we focus on changing the illumination between two images. The proposed method uses isoluminance curves as a feature primitive. Isoluminance curves acquired from images are warped based on the correspondence of the curves between two images, and transformed luminance distributions are generated from the warped isoluminance curves. The proposed method called "illumination morphing" is able to generate smooth transition of luminance between two color images. The method does not need even the information about the light sources and 3D object models. The proposed method is a promising technique for many applications requiring a scene with variety of lighting effects, such as movies, TV games, and so on.     

Video Relighting Using Infrared Illumination

Inappropriate lighting is often responsible for poor quality video. In most offices and homes, lighting is not designed for video conferencing. This can result in unevenly lit faces, distracting shadows, and unnatural colors. We present a method for relighting faces that reduces the effects of uneven lighting and color. Our setup consists of a compact lighting rig and a camera that is both inexpensive and inconspicuous to the user. We use unperceivable infrared (IR) lights to obtain an illumination bases of the scene. Our algorithm computes an optimally weighted combination of IR bases to minimize lighting inconsistencies in foreground areas and reduce the effects of colored monitor light. However, IR relighting alone results in images with an unnatural ghostly appearance, thus a retargeting technique is presented which removes the unnatural IR effects and produces videos that have substantially more balanced intensity and color than the original video.     

变压器油下图像增强算法

为解决变压器检测机器人在变质、变色的变压器油内部采集的图像存在色彩失真、对比度低等问题,提出一种变压器油下图像融合增强算法.首先,利用完美反射算法对图像进行白平衡处理,以消除油下光照强度不均匀对图像颜色的影响,使得色彩更加均衡;然后,对色彩校正的图像进行自适应伽马校正,以提高图像的对比度;最后,采用多尺度融合策略将色彩校正后的图像与自适应伽马校正处理后的图像进行融合,得到变压器油下清晰的图像.实验结果表明,经所提出算法处理后的变压器油下图像色彩鲜明、细节丰富,与原始图像相比,图像质量评价指标(UCIQE)、特征点匹配个数以及信息熵均有显著提高,能够为变压器内部故障检测提供清晰的数据.