转木糖还原酶基因XYL1酿酒酵母的构建及产木糖醇能力研究

将人工合成的树干毕赤酵母（Pichia stipitis）的木糖还原酶基因XYL1插入酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）表达载体pYES2中,然后将重组质粒pYES2-XYL1导入酿酒酵母INVSc1中,构建转木糖还原酶基因XYL1酿酒酵母菌株INVSc1/pYES2-XYL1,最后采用营养缺陷培养基筛选转木糖还原酶基因酿酒酵母并对其产木糖醇的能力进行检测。结果表明,成功获得2株转木糖还原酶基因XYL1酿酒酵母菌株INVSc1/pYES2-XYL1-01、INVSc1/pYES2-XYL1-02,当两菌株以50 g/L木糖及10 g/L半乳糖为碳源发酵5 d后,木糖醇产量分别高达（13.68±2.37）g/L、（12.09±1.45）g/L,显著高于非转基因酿酒酵母INVSc1的木糖醇产量（1.08±0.37）g/L（P＜0.05）,说明XYL1基因的导入显著提高了酿酒酵母INVSc1生产木糖醇的能力（P＜0.05）。为采用基因工程酿酒酵母制备食用木糖醇提供了理论及技术基础。     

甜蛋白monellin基因在酿酒酵母中的分泌表达

人工合成的单链甜蛋白monellin基因与经改造后的基因分别克隆到带有酵母半乳糖可诱导启动子GAL1的穿梭表达质粒pYES2.0中,得到表达载体pYESM及pYESMT。在表达载体pYESMT中,monellin基因的上游连接酿酒酵母的α-信号肽序列,得到分泌表达载体pYESMTA。分别将3个重组质粒转化酿酒酵母菌株INVsc1中进行表达。具有突变monellin基因的菌株INVMT/pYESMT的monellin蛋白表达量明显高于含monellin基因的菌株。而含有pYESMTA的菌株可将monellin基因分泌到胞外,表明α-信号肽序列能很好地将酿酒酵母中的重组monellin蛋白引导到胞外,完成分泌表达,且表达产物具有生物活性。     

Pichia stipitis木糖醇脱氢酶基因XYL2在酿酒酵母中的表达

通过PCR方法克隆得到树干毕赤氏酵母木糖醇脱氢酶(XDH)基因XYL2.将该基因连入酵母表达载体pYX212的强启动子磷酸丙糖异构酶(TPI)启动子下,得到融合表达载体pYX-XYL2.通过电转化方法将pYX-XYL2转入酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A中,酶活测定表明在酿酒酵母中树干毕赤氏酵母木糖醇脱氢酶基因XYL2得到活性表达,酿酒酵母转化子粗酶液中木糖醇脱氢酶比活为每毫克蛋白0.6 U左右,约为供体菌的2.4倍.与基因供体菌不同,木糖醇脱氢酶基因在酿酒酵母中表达不需木糖诱导,为组成型表达.     

稳定高效表达木糖还原酶基因工业酿酒酵母的构建及木糖醇发酵的初步研究

将树干毕赤氏酵母(Pichia stipitis)木糖还原酶基因XYL1连接到适用于酿酒酵母工业菌株的多拷贝整合载体pYMIKP中,构建得到表达质粒pYMIKP-XYL1,转化酿酒酵母工业菌株Saccharomyces cerevisiae6508。在G418平板上筛选转化子,得到含高拷贝木糖还原酶基因的酿酒酵母重组菌株XGH2,,该菌株的木糖还原酶比活力为0.8 U/mg(蛋白),比出发菌株提高了80倍以上,表明外源基因在工业菌株中实现了高效表达。摇瓶发酵结果显示,重组菌株XGH2木糖消耗为27.9 g/L,木糖消耗率为51%;木糖醇产量为30.2 g/L,木糖醇的转化率大于1.0 g/g木糖。     

PHA聚合酶基因phaC的克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

对聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)聚合酶基因phaC进行克隆,并将其与穿梭质粒pYES2连接.构建了酿酒酵母表达质粒pYES2-phaC.测序验证后用LiAc/SSDNA/PEG方法将质粒转化至Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSCI中,经SC-URA培养基筛选得到阳性转化子.由2%半乳糖培养基诱导表达后,提取细胞粗蛋白测定PHA聚合酶酶活力,结果表明,表达phaC基因的重组菌酶活力为2.45 U/mg,证明phaC基因在在cerevisiae INVSCI中得到表达.     

酿酒酵母乙醇脱氢酶Ⅱ基因反义干扰及对乙醇发酵的影响

通过构建酿酒酵母沉默表达载体PURH-ADH2,使ADH2基因在PGK强启动子、CYC1终止子在特定区域内进行干扰和表达。采用Bam HI和Xmal I限制性内切酶对SADH2基因和PURH质粒进行双酶切,构建反义重组表达质粒PURH-SADH2,通过高效酵母转化法和电转法将重组质粒组件转化至酿酒酵母SY01细胞中,获得阳性克隆菌株JY01。酿酒酵母JY01突变菌株与出发菌株SY01和Y01发酵试验结果相比,JY01甘油脱氢酶酶活比出发菌株Y01与SY01分别下降了16.31%和13.5%;当酿酒酵母Y01、SY01和JY01菌株发酵36~60 h时,JY01菌株甘油含量相比Y01分别下降了16.34%、14.25%、14.89%;当酿酒酵母突变菌株发酵48 h时,Y01、SY01和JY01的乙醇浓度分别为6.243 g/100 m L、7.145 g/100 m L和7.288 g/100 m L,酿酒酵母JY01发酵液乙醇量比比原始菌株Y01乙醇含量提高了14.33%。结果表明通过反义干扰ADH2基因5’UTR序列,能有效干扰酵母工程菌株ADH2转录与表达,削弱甘油积累途径,促进乙醇代谢途径。     

酿酒酵母组成型表达甜叶菊糖基转移酶UGT76G1及相关性质研究

本研究将酿酒酵母穿梭质粒p ESC-Leu的诱导型启动子GAL1和GAL10分别替换为PGK1和TEF1启动子,构建了组成型双启动子表达载体p ESCD,再将甜叶菊糖基转移酶UGT76G1的编码基因亚克隆到p ESCD的Sal I和Xho I酶切位点之间,构建了组成型表达UGT76G1的重组质粒p ESCD-UGT。将p ESCD-UGT转化到酿酒酵母YPH499中进行表达,结果确定该重组酵母在SD-L液体培养基培养24h达到稳定期,菌体培养8h蛋白表达量高,选用1%的甲苯作为重组菌全细胞催化的通透剂时,催化15h产生288mg/L的莱鲍迪甙A,其产量是对照组的5倍。     

基于Egfp启动子高通量筛选方法的研究

本研究以载体pUC-19为基础质粒,引入编码增强型绿色荧光蛋白的Egfp为报告基因,选用PGK为启动子,构建重组质粒pUC-PEBBK。通过PCR扩增出重组盒BATs-PGKp-Egfp-PGKt-Kan MX-BATx,将其与酿酒酵母AY15单倍体α5同源重组,获得重组菌株α5-PEBBK。使用荧光显微镜和酶标仪检测EGFP在酿酒酵母中的表达,检测到重组菌荧光强度(RFU)为523,亲本菌株为53,是原菌的10倍,证明Egfp在PGK启动子调控下在酿酒酵母α5中能够正确表达。通过培养基优化,排除了培养基成分酵母浸粉和蛋白胨对绿色荧光蛋白检测的干扰,确定了利于Egfp表达和快速检测的筛选培养基BSM1。考察了接种量和培养时间对Egfp荧光表达和菌体生长的影响,确定了最佳48孔板培养条件为接种量40μL,培养时间为36 h。高效、灵敏的高通量筛选方法的建立为后续系列表达强度启动子的筛选奠定了良好的基础。     

ARO10基因在Saccharomyces cerevisiae中的克隆表达及其对3-甲硫基丙醇合成代谢的影响

研究了脱羧酶ARO10基因克隆与过量表达对酿酒酵母INVSc1 3-甲硫基丙醇合成途径的代谢流量影响。将脱羧酶基因ARO10与穿梭质粒pYES2连接,构建其酿酒酵母表达质粒(载体)pYES2-ARO10,LiAc/SSD-NA/PEG方法转化酿酒酵母菌株INVSc1中进行表达,验证ARO10基因过量表达对发酵产物3-甲硫基丙醇影响。结果表明,构建的酿酒酵母转化子SC10-1发酵120 h时,3-甲硫基丙醇生成量达到0.90 g/L,与未导入脱羧酶ARO10基因的对照菌株相比,3-甲硫基丙醇产量提高55.2%。因此,S.cerevisiae s288c中脱羧酶(EC 4.1.1.72)是3-甲硫基丙醇生物合成途径的关键限速酶,其增强脱羧酶基因ARO10的克隆及基因表达,有利于提高3-甲硫基丙醇的合成代谢流量。     

Cloning and Expression of AROIO Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and It＇ s Influence on 3- （methylthio） -1-propanol Biosynthetic Metabolism

研究了脱羧酶ARO10基因克隆与过量表达对酿酒酵母INVSc1 3-甲硫基丙醇合成途径的代谢流量影响。将脱羧酶基因ARO10与穿梭质粒pYES2连接,构建其酿酒酵母表达质粒（载体）pYES2-ARO10,LiAc/SSD-NA/PEG方法转化酿酒酵母菌株INVSc1中进行表达,验证ARO10基因过量表达对发酵产物3-甲硫基丙醇影响。结果表明,构建的酿酒酵母转化子SC10-1发酵120 h时,3-甲硫基丙醇生成量达到0.90 g/L,与未导入脱羧酶ARO10基因的对照菌株相比,3-甲硫基丙醇产量提高55.2%。因此,S.cerevisiae s288c中脱羧酶（EC 4.1.1.72）是3-甲硫基丙醇生物合成途径的关键限速酶,其增强脱羧酶基因ARO10的克隆及基因表达,有利于提高3-甲硫基丙醇的合成代谢流量。     

酿酒酵母代谢木糖工程菌的构建

通过PCR方法从休哈塔假丝酵母基因组DNA中克隆得到木糖还原酶(XR)基因XYL1和木糖醇脱氢酶(XDH)基因XYL2,将其分别连接到酵母表达载体pYES2上,得到重组表达载体pYES2-XYL1和pYES2-XYL2,从pYES2-XYL1上克隆得到含半乳糖启动子的XYL1,将其连接到pYES2-XYL2序列的下游,得到重组表达载体pYES2-XYL1-XYL2,通过电转化方法将pYES2-XYL1-XYL2转入酿酒酵母宿主菌INVSc1。在初始pH为5.5,温度为33℃,前5h转速为150r/min,后变为50r/min的条件下,乙醇产量为33.45g/L。     

Characterization of different promoters for designing a new expression vector in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The widely used pESC vector series (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) with the bidirectional GAL1/GAL10 promoter provides the possibility of simultaneously expressing two different genes from a single vector in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This system can be induced by galactose and is repressed by glucose. Since S. cerevisiae prefers glucose as a carbon source, and since its growth rate is higher in glucose than in galactose‐containing media, we compared and evaluated seven different promoters expressed during growth on glucose (pTEF1, pADH1, pTPI1, pHXT7, pTDH3, pPGK1 and pPYK1) with two strong galactose‐induced promoters (pGAL1 and pGAL10), using lacZ as a reporter gene and measuring LacZ activity in batch and continuous cultivation. TEF1 and PGK1 promoters showed the most constant activity pattern at different glucose concentrations. Based on these results, we designed and constructed two new expression vectors which contain the two constitutive promoters, TEF1 and PGK1, in opposite orientation to each other. These new vectors retain all the features from the pESC–URA plasmid except that gene expression is mediated by constitutive promoters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重组普鲁兰酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效表达

普鲁兰酶可特异性地水解支链淀粉得到直链淀粉,因而在淀粉加工过程中具有重要的应用。本研究从Bacillus naganoensis ATCC53909基因组中克隆了普鲁兰酶基因pul,并克隆到大肠杆菌-枯草芽孢杆菌穿梭载体p BE中,构建表达载体p BE-pul。在此基础上,将来源于枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌以及解淀粉芽孢杆菌中的17个高表达基因的启动子分别克隆到表达载体p BE-pul中,并转化至Bacillus subtilis ATCC6051?10,成功构建了十七株含有不同启动子介导普鲁兰酶分泌表达的重组菌株。对重组菌株的分泌表达比较发现,启动子P43和Pspov G介导的普鲁兰酶活性明显优于其他启动子,其中Pspov G介导的普鲁兰酶活性更高。同时,还使用了启动子Pspov G介导N端的108个氨基酸缺失的pul324突变体进行分泌表达。通过对17种启动子的比较和两个普鲁兰酶基因的比较,本研究构建的一株重组菌株的普鲁兰酶的表达更为高效,其活性高达389.85 U/mL,后者显著高于现有的相关报道。     

Galactose-inducible Expression Systems in Candida maltosa using Promoters of Newly-isolated GAL1 and GAL10 Genes

The GAL1 and GAL10 gene cluster encoding the enzymes of galactose utilization was isolated from an asporogenic yeast, Candida maltosa. The structure of the gene cluster in which both genes were divergently transcribed from the central promoter region resembled those of some other yeasts. The expression of both genes was strongly induced by galactose and repressed by glucose in the medium. Galactose-inducible expression vectors in C. maltosa were constructed on low- and high-copy number plasmids using the promoter regions of both genes. With these vectors and the β-galactosidase gene from Kluyveromyces lactis as a reporter, galactose-inducible expression was confirmed. Homologous overexpression of members of the cytochrome P-450 gene family in C. maltosa was also successful by using a high-copy-number vector under the control of these promoters. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

毛柄金钱菌gpd启动子驱动福寿螺纤维素酶基因在灰盖鬼伞菌中的表达

为研究毛柄金钱菌gpd启动子驱动福寿螺纤维素酶基因(mfc)在大型丝状真菌中的表达效果,本实验通过构建毛柄金钱菌gpd启动子驱动的mfc基因的真核表达载体,采用PEG(polyethylene glycol)介导法将目的基因重组进色氨酸营养缺陷型灰盖鬼伞菌染色体,对转化子进行PCR、Southern blotting、RT-PCR等分子鉴定,通过测定滤纸酶、CMC酶和木聚糖酶的活力考察mfc的表达效果。结果表明：多功能纤维素酶基因整合入灰盖鬼伞基因组中,毛柄金钱菌gpd启动子能够高效驱动mfc基因的表达,其中酶活力最高的工程菌株为Cfvlm9,其滤纸酶活力、CMC酶活力和木聚糖酶活力分别为21.5、44、235U/mL,分别是对照的1.79倍、1.6倍和2.97倍。     

The regulatable MAL32 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: characteristics and tools to facilitate its use

Here we describe a set of tools to facilitate the use of maltose and the MAL32 promoter for regulated gene expression in yeast, alone or in combination with the GAL1 promoter. Using fluorescent protein reporters we find that under non‐inducing conditions the MAL32 promoter exhibits a low basal level of expression, similar to the GAL1 promoter, and that both promoters can be induced independently of each other using the respective sugars, maltose and galactose. While their repression upon glucose addition is immediate and complete, we found that the MAL32 and GAL1 promoters each exhibit distinct induction kinetics. A set of plasmids is available to facilitate the application of the MAL32 promoter for chromosomal modifications using PCR targetting and for plasmid based gene expression. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.