新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金型材回归再时效处理的组织与性能

采用拉伸、硬度、电导率测试和透射电镜分析等方法研究了不同回归处理工艺对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金型材组织与性能的影响。结果表明,采用120℃×24 h+180℃×45 min+120℃×24 h回归再时效处理后,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和电导率分别为613.5 MPa、599 MPa、11.1%和39.2%IASC。与T6态相比,合金在抗拉强度和伸长率相当的情况下,屈服强度和电导率显著提高,合金的抗应力腐蚀性能明显改善。合金晶内为细小的η’相和η相,晶界沉淀相断续分布,伴有较窄的晶界无析出带。     

二次回归再时效对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu组织、强度及剥蚀性能的影响(英文)

采用硬度、拉伸和剥落腐蚀测试手段,结合透射电镜和扫描电镜观察以及能谱分析,研究二次回归再时效对组织、力学和剥蚀性能的影响。二次回归再时效处理保持了类似一次回归再时效处理的晶内析出相,得到比T76过时效更粗大且离散的晶界析出相。与T76相比,二次回归再时效处理的晶界析出相具有更高的铜含量和更低的锌含量。因此,二次回归再时效处理保持了一次回归再时效处理的强度,同时得到了比T76过时效处理更高的剥蚀抗力。     

Effect of Yb additions on microstructures and properties of 7A60 aluminum alloy

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloys containing Yb were prepared by cast metallurgy. Effect of 0.30% Yb additions on the microstructure and properties of 7A60 aluminum alloys with T6 and T77 aging treatments was investigated by TEM, optical microscopy, hardness and electric conductivity measurement, tensile test and stress corrosion cracking test. The results show that the Yb additions to high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr aluminum alloys can produce fine coherent dispersoids. Those dispersoids can strongly pin dislocation and subgrain boundaries, which can significantly retard the recrystallization by inhibiting the nucleation of recrystallization and the growth of subgrains and keeping low-angle subgrain boundaries. Yb additions can obviously enhance the resistance to stress corrosion cracking and the fracture toughness property, and mildly increase the strength and ductility with T6 and T77 treatments.     

多级热处理工艺对铝合金AA7049性能的影响(英文)

T6态高强7xxx系列铝合金对应力腐蚀开裂敏感。采用回归和再时效热处理(RRA)可以提高其抗应力腐蚀开裂性能而不降低其强度性能。研究了多级热处理工艺对7049铝合金性能和组织的影响。通过电导率测量、DSC分析和TEM组织观察,考察合金在不同热处理态的组织变化。DSC分析表明,RRA处理会导致合金的显微组织发生显著变化,RRA处理态合金的组织与T6和T73态合金的组织明显不同。RRA处理可以使合金保持在T6态的强度且获得T73态的热力学稳定性能。     

Microstructure and properties of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy pre-stretched plate under various ageing conditions

The microstructures after various ageing treatments and their relation to the strength, fracture toughness, and corrosion behavior of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy pre-stretched plate were investigated. The results show that retrogression and reaging (RRA) treatment led to a combina- tion of high strength and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of the alloy. The TEM microstructure of the RRA-treated alloy is a dis- tribution of very fine precipitates in the aluminum matrix grains, similar to that obtained under T6 condition, and the distribution of coarse η MgZn2 precipitates on the grain boundaries similar to that obtained by T7 temper. SEM observations revealed that most of the intergranular fracture characteristics were present on the fracture surface of both the T6 and RRA-treated specimens. On the contrary, the fractographs of the T7 treated specimens mainly consisted of dimple-type ductile transgranular fracture with minor intergranular cracking.     

固溶处理对Al-9.0Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu-0.12Zr-0.03Sc铝合金组织性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、差热分析(DSC)和透射电镜(TEM)研究复合添加0.03%Sc 与0.12%Zr 及固溶处理对Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu合金组织性能的影响,以及添加少量(小于0.1%)的Sc是否能得到高性能铝合金。结果表明：添加0.03%Sc与0.12%Zr可以使Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu合金出现“花瓣状”的Al3(Sc,Zr)析出相;Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子对位错有强烈的钉扎作用,明显抑制 Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu 合金在均匀化和挤压过程中的再结晶;多级固溶明显优于单级固溶,可以在添加少量Sc(小于0.1%)时,避免Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu发生再结晶：(420°C,3 h)+(465°C,2 h)为最佳固溶条件,此时Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu?0.12Zr?0.03Sc合金的抗拉强度为777.29 MPa,伸长率为11.84%。     

快速凝固+热挤压制备Al-10.7Zn-2.4Mg-0.9Cu合金的组织和性能

采用单辊熔体旋转法制备Al-10.7Zn-2.4Mg-0.9Cu合金带材,利用热挤压将带材坯料制成棒材,对其微观组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明:所制备的带材由过饱和固溶体α(Al)等轴细晶构成,晶粒尺寸为3~5μm;合金经挤压后存在粗大第二相,析出相主要为MgZn2相,挤压态棒材抗拉强度为499.8 MPa,伸长率达到了15.3%,断口呈韧性断裂特征;经T6热处理后,合金中有细小的沉淀相析出,使得室温力学性能得到提高,抗拉强度达到631.9 MPa,伸长率有所降低,断口呈韧脆混合断裂特征。     

固溶-时效处理对B93合金锻件组织与性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、金相、X射线衍射物相分析、电子显微分析研究了固溶-时效处理对B93合金锻件组织和性能的影响。结果表明,B93合金锻件锻态存在大量的η(MgZn2)和Mg32(Al,Zn)49平衡相,表现出明显的力学性能各向异性;锻件固溶处理后平衡相溶入基体,力学性能各向异性基本消除。B93合金锻件最佳热处理工艺为470℃×50min固溶-120℃/24h+170℃/16h双级时效,双级时效后η’(MgZn2)从基体中弥散析出,析出相粒度在15~20nm,晶界上的平衡相呈离散状态,无沉淀析出带也比较窄,这是一种比较理想的显微组织结构模式。在此条件下,锻件的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率的范围分别为437~439MPa、383~387MPa和5.5%~9.0%。     

淬火速度对7085铝合金显微组织和应力腐蚀的影响(英文)

采用力学性能测试、慢应变速率拉伸实验,结合扫描电镜和透射电镜及电化学测试等方法,研究淬火速度对7085铝合金组织和应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,随着淬火速度的降低,合金晶界析出相的尺寸和间距增大,晶界析出相的Cu含量降低;合金的抗应力腐蚀性能随着淬火速度的减少先增强后减弱。晶界析出相的尺寸和分布以及Cu含量是影响合金抗应力腐蚀性能的主要因素。     

Effect of powerful current pulses on the structure and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy Al-6%Mg-0.6%Mn

Changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial aluminum alloy Al-6%Mg-0.6%Mn after recrystallization have been studied. This alloy was recrystallized by two methods: annealing in air at temperatures of 250 to 450 °C for 20 min in an electrical resistance furnace; and passing an electrical current pulse by discharging a bank of capacitors (with a duration of about 100 μs). It is shown that electrical pulsed treatment produced a fine-grained structure in the Al-6%Mg-0.6%Mn alloy with a grain size (2–3 μm) smaller than the one annealed in the furnace and improved the mechanical properties of this material.     

低频电磁铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金微观组织与性能

采用拉伸性能及电导率测试、透射电镜观察、低应变拉伸试验等手段 ,研究了不同时效工艺对低频电磁铸造Al Zn Mg Cu合金组织和性能的影响。发现合金的T6态峰值时效制度为 12 0℃× 4 8h ,T6处理可使合金强度达到峰值 ,但抗应力腐蚀性能差 ;T73处理后合金强度下降了 5 %～ 6 % ,抗应力腐蚀性能大幅度提高 ;而RRA时效 (回归再时效 )处理基本保持了T6态的强度 ,且抗应力腐蚀性能接近T73态。微观组织分析表明 ,不同时效制度下合金性能的差异主要是由晶内和晶界析出相的大小、形貌及其分布状态决定的。T73和RRA时效处理改善了合金晶界特性 ,有助于阻止氢脆、减缓晶界阳极溶解速度 ,提高合金的抗应力腐蚀能力     

Effect of three-step homogenization on microstructure and properties of 7N01 aluminum alloys

The effect of different homogenization treatments on the microstructure and properties of the 7N01 aluminum alloy was investigated using hardness measurements, electrical conductivity measurements, tensile and slow strain rate tests, electron probe microanalysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that three-step homogenization improved the uniformity of Zr distribution by eliminating segregation of the main alloying elements. During the second homogenization step at 350 °C for 10 h, coarse and strip-like equilibrium η phases formed which assisted the nucleation of Al₃Zr dispersoids and reduced the width of the precipitate-free zone of A1₃Zr dispersoids. As a result, coarse recrystallization was greatly reduced after homogenization at 200 °C, 2 h + 350 °C, 10 h + 470 °C, 12 h, which contributed to improving the overall properties of the 7N01 aluminum alloys.     

Si含量对7050铝合金显微组织和抗应力腐蚀开裂的影响

分别研究Si含量为0．094％、0．134％和0．261％的3种T7651态7050铝合金的组织和应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。结果表明：随着Si含量从0．094％增加到0．261％,Mg2Si相的面积分数从0．16％增加到1．48％,并且尺寸粗化;而其它粗大相（包括Al2CuMg、Mg（Al3Cu,Zn）2和Al7Cu2Fe）的面积分数从2．42％减小到0．78％。合金的电导率随Si含量的增加而增加。合金在空气中进行慢应变速率拉伸时,抗拉强度和伸长率随Si含量的增加而降低;而在3．5％NaCl溶液中进行慢应变速率拉伸时,随Si含量增加,合金应力腐蚀开裂敏感性降低。     

Microstructure and properties of Al-4Cu alloy containing Sc

The effects of different contents of Sc addition on the microstructures and properties of the Al-4 %Cu alloy were studied by tensile properties measurement, optical microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis. The experimental results show that rare-earth element Sc is capable of refining the dendritic structure of the Al-4%Cu alloy, the tensile strength σb and yield strength σ0.2 just increase a little when the content of Sc is lower than 0.2%; when the content reaches 0.3%-0.4%, σb and σ0.2 slightly decrease; but σb and σ0.2 rise again when the Sc content is 0.5%, though both of them are lower than those of theAl-4%Cu alloy without Sc addition. However, Sc addition has little influence on the elongation of the Al-4 %Cu alloy. Adding Sc to the Al-4%Cu alloy, when the amount of Sc is lower than 0.2%, Sc mostly exists in the α(Al)solid solution; when the Sc content is in the range of 0.3%- 0.5%, only a part of Sc exists in the α-Al solid solution, the rest appears in two ways: one is that Sc and Al form Al3Sc which can strengthen the alloy, and the other,Sc interacts with Al and Cu to form AlCuSc phase.     

时效工艺对1933铝合金锻件腐蚀性能的影响

采用金相显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)、双悬臂梁实验(DCB)、晶间腐蚀实验和剥落腐蚀实验研究时效工艺对1933铝合金锻件抗应力腐蚀(SCC)、抗晶间腐蚀(IGC)和抗剥落腐蚀(EC)性能的影响.结果表明:在T6(120℃,24 h)时效状态下,1933铝合金锻件的应力腐蚀敏感性最强,应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子KISCC仅为8.95 MPa·m1/2.经(110℃,6 h)+(160℃,8 h)和(110℃12h)+(170℃,8 h)双级时效后,KISCC分别上升至23.84和27.56 Mpa·m1/2,锻件的抗应力腐蚀性能显著提高.而经(110℃,12 h)+(180℃,6h)时效后,抗应力腐蚀性能的提高伴随着较大幅度的强度损失和塑性损失.锻件在各时效状态下,晶间腐蚀形式为点蚀,具有良好的抗晶间腐蚀性能.同时,锻件具有良好的抗剥落腐蚀性能.T6时效时,锻件的剥蚀等级为EC级;经双级时效后,其剥蚀等级均在EA+级以上.     

回归再时效处理对喷射成形7055铝合金挤压厚板组织与性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、抗剥落腐蚀性能测试、透射电镜(TEM)观察等方法,研究了回归再时效(RRA)处理对喷射成形7055铝合金挤压厚板微观组织与性能的影响。结果表明:厚板采用到温装炉的方式进行回归加热时,试样升温过程仍较长,提高回归加热温度有利于缩短试样在低温阶段的停留时间。试样经120 ℃×14 h预时效+(185 ℃×130 min、190 ℃×118 min)回归+120 ℃×24 h再时效两种RRA工艺处理后纵向屈服强度分别为649.3 MPa和652.6 MPa,高于T76试样的621.5 MPa;而抗剥落腐蚀性能与T76试样接近,达到EB级。试样经RRA处理后基体沉淀析出相主要为η′相+少量GP区,其尺寸为3~10 nm,晶界析出的η相呈断续分布。提高厚板试样在回归低温阶段的加热速率有利于提高试样再时效后的强度,而提高试样回归温度有利于提高RRA试样的抗剥落腐蚀性能。     

回归冷却速率对7050铝合金力学性能及晶间腐蚀抗力的影响

采用室温拉伸、抗晶间腐蚀性能测试(IGC)、光学显微镜(OM)及透射电镜(TEM)观察等手段,研究3种回归冷却速率(17 ℃/s,3 ℃/s,0.02 ℃/s)对回归再时效(RRA)态7050铝合金力学性能及抗晶间腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,在快冷(17 ℃/s)条件下,回归态组织的过饱和固溶体含有较高的空位浓度,有利于再时效析出,再时效态组织的晶界析出相为较粗大的非连续颗粒,并有较宽的无沉淀析出带(PFZ);慢冷(3 ℃/s或0.02 ℃/s)条件下,在冷却过程中晶界和晶内均析出了微小的第二相,导致固溶体内空位浓度降低,影响再时效析出,使得再时效态组织的晶界析出相颗粒粗细不均匀,无沉淀析出带变窄。相应地,随冷却速率降低,合金的拉伸强度单调下降,抗晶间腐蚀性能先下降,后略有升高。     

固溶处理工艺对7449铝合金组织和性能的影响

通过硬度、电导率、拉伸试验及金相分析,研究了在460、475、490℃分别保温30、60、120 min的固溶工艺对7449铝合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,475℃×1 h是该合金最优的固溶工艺,此时合金的综合性能最佳;且固溶处理＋自然时效态合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为561．32 MPa、362．19 MPa、22．92％;合金的固溶处理过烧温度为490℃;在固溶处理中,固溶温度比保温时间对该合金性能的影响更大。     

机械振动对铸造铝合金组织和性能的影响

分析振动方式对ZL101铝合金消失模铸件组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,机械振动后合金组织明显细化;垂直振动时,合金晶粒尺寸最小,孔隙率最低,抗拉强度最大;ZL101合金垂直振动后,不同厚度处的组织存在较大差别,厚度越大,振动细化效果越显著。