水滑石及类水滑石材料的合成及应用新进展

水滑石及类水滑石材料具有很好的热稳定性和较大的比表面积，可以作为催化剂或催化剂载体。介绍了水滑石及类水滑石材料的合成方法以及作为催化剂、添加剂、吸附剂在有机合成反应、石油化学、塑料工业、水处理等方面的应用。     

PdMgAl类水滑石的合成与表征

以镁铝硝酸根型LDHs为前体,用离子交换法将Na2[PdCl4]中的PdCl2-4作为客体插入了前体的层间,得到Pd-HLTcs,并采用XRD、FT-IR、DTA以及BET法测定比表面积等测试手段对样品进行表征和分析,探讨了不同组成、晶化温度、晶化时间等因素对类水滑石合成的影响.     

类水滑石化合物的合成及应用研究进展

类水滑石化合物是一类具有层状双羟基结构的阴离子黏土材料,因其独特的阴离子可交换性、孔径的可调变、结构的记忆效应、优异的热稳定性及低廉的成本等特殊的性能,近年来备受人们关注。因此,综述了类水滑石的合成方法以及在催化、离子交换、吸附、功能材料等方面的应用,以期为纳米材料的发展做出贡献。     

尿素分解水热合成Ni-Al类水滑石的研究

采用尿素分解水热合成Ni-Al类水滑石,其中使Ni2 /Al3 /尿素的摩尔比为2:1:10和3:1:10.用XRD、SEM、TG检测,结果表明,合成出的类水滑石结晶度高,具有规整的片状晶体形貌,延长反应时间和提高反应温度有利于提高类水滑石的结晶度和颗粒的分散性.     

新型矿物材料——水滑石

以菱镁矿或水镁石焙烧后的ＭｇＯ为原料,采用水热法合成新型矿物水滑石,并且回收了母液。是易于工业化的合成水滑石新法。     

水滑石类材料在重金属废水治理中的应用进展

总结了水滑石类材料对重金属离子吸附机理主要为离子交换作用、记忆效应、螯合作用和表面吸附;重点介绍了国外关于未焙烧水滑石、焙烧态水滑石以及插层水滑石在重金属废水治理中的最新研究应用进展;指出利用构成水滑石层板及插入层间的离子种类和数量的可调控性,可制备一系列具有特殊性能的水滑石类材料,将极大拓宽水滑石材料在吸附领域的应用范围;同时水滑石类材料合成简单、易于分离、成本低廉及可重复利用,显示了其在重金属废水处理中的良好应用前景.     

钙铝类水滑石的合成及其在PVC中的应用

在CaCl2-AlCl3-NaOH体系中,采用共沉淀法制备钙铝类水滑石.考察了反应沉淀过程的原料配比对合成水滑石结构的影响,并用XRD、IR和粒度分析等手段对合成样品进行分析和表征.结果表明:合成的钙铝类水滑石对聚氯乙烯(PVC)的热稳定性、阻燃抑烟性能有很大的提高.     

合成水滑石在高分子材料中的应用

合成水滑石广泛应用于塑料领域,可以作为PVC热稳定剂、阻燃剂以及氨纶、聚烯烃生产过程中的吸酸剂,用于食品包装、医疗用品等。近年来,我国合成水滑石产量以15%左右的年增长率稳定增长,市场规模也维持15%以上高速增长,预计2021年其市场规模将达到10.65亿元。     

水滑石类插层材料的制备技术及应用

水滑石类插层材料(LDHs)具有特殊的层状结构,其组成、离子种类和数量、晶粒尺寸等参量都可以进行调控,使其具有特殊的性能,成为当前研究的热点.主要介绍了LDHs的基本结构、诸多性质、制备技术及应用领域,有助于更全面地认识LDHs以及对其研究的重要性.     

水滑石类材料在水处理中的应用及研究进展

水滑石类材料是一类双金属层柱状化合物,因其具有特殊的层间离子交换性能和结构记忆效应,在水处理中主要作为催化剂和吸附剂（离子交换剂）加以应用,已经展现出良好的应用前景。本文针对国内外的研究现状,重点讨论水滑石类材料在水处理中的应用及最新研究进展。     

层状双金属氢氧化物的合成与应用

层状双金属氢氧化物（LDHs）是近来受到广泛关注的一类新型固体催化材料，具有碱性、氧化还原性和层间阴离子可交换性。本文综述了近年来层状双金属氢氧化物合成与应用方面的研究进展。主要包括LDHs及柱撑LDHs的合成方法，LDHs及其焙烧产物在碱催化、氧化还原催化和催化剂载体、功能材料、医药等领域的应用。     

水滑石类材料的制备及在水污染治理中的应用

本文简要介绍了目前国内外水滑石类材料的各种制备方法,包括共沉淀法、焙烧还原法、离子交换法等。同时总结了其作为催化剂和离子交换剂在修复阴离子污染水体,印染废水脱色、重金属的去除等方面的应用。     

Ni-Fe层状双金属氢氧化物的制备及性能研究

采用水热法制备了Ni-Fe层状双金属氢氧化物(Ni-Fe LDHs),研究了反应温度、反应时间、镍铁比和柠檬酸三钠用量对Ni-FeLDHs生长的影响,并研究其对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的吸附性能.利用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜和交变梯度磁强计等测试方法研究了工艺条件对Ni-Fe-LDHs形貌、粒径、结晶性和磁性能的影响.实验结果表明:延长反应时间或升高反应温度都不利于得到结晶性好的Ni-Fe-LDHs.镍铁比对样品的结晶性和形貌有重要影响;镍铁比为2∶1,样品的结晶性和磁性能最好,增加镍铁比,得到片层组装形成得花状结构;镍铁比为3∶ 1时,Ni-Fe-LDHs对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝表现出良好的吸附性.     

Structure and Basicity of Mesoporous Materials from Mg/Al/In Layered Double Hydroxides Prepared by Separate Nucleation and Aging Steps Method

This paper presents the synthesis of mesoporous materials from hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with the Mg^{2 +}/(Al^{3 +} + In^{3 +}) molar ratio of 3.0 on the brucite-like lattice and the interlayer carbonate anions, using a novel separate nucleation and aging steps method developed in our laboratory. The physicochemical properties of as-synthesized LDHs and resulting calcined products at 500C were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), ²⁷Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments. The results indicate calcination of LDHs with a well-crystallized single phase and nanoscale crystallites leads to the formation of the type MgO-like phase, and the pore size distributions of uncalcined and calcined LDHs are mostly in the range of mesopores. Furthermore, calcined materials have higher surface areas, pore volumes, pore diameters and surface basicities than corresponding precursors. When used as solid base catalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate with benzaldehyde, the material with higher density of base sites on the surface also exhibited a higher catalytic activity. Particularly, calcined MgAlIn-LDH has highest density of base sites resulting in a highest catalytic activity, as points to an important role of indium as a modifier of the surface properties of solid base catalysts.     

环氧树脂/水滑石纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了水滑石的结构、性能、制备方法及环氧树脂/水滑石纳米复合材料的制备方法;指出与环氧复合材料相比,环氧树脂/水滑石纳米复合材料具有良好的阻燃性能和抑烟效果,应用前景广阔.     

水滑石基电极材料的结构调控及电化学储能应用研究进展

水滑石是一种具有层板金属阳离子可搭配、层间客体可替代和高分散性的二维层板状纳米材料,在能量存储与转换应用领域获得广泛的关注和研究.但由于水滑石自身存在容易聚集和电导率差并且在电化学循环过程中易粉化的问题,因此需对水滑石基电极材料进行针对性结构设计,从而提高其电化学性能.系统介绍了水滑石材料的结构与性质特点和当下对其结构...     

焙烧水滑石去除氯离子性能研究

利用水滑石 (LDH)焙烧后在一定条件下可重新吸收水和阴离子从而部分恢复层状结构的结构记忆效应 ,研究了 3种工业级LDH不同温度下的焙烧产物即焙烧水滑石 (CLDH)去除Cl-的行为。射线粉末衍射仪表征了它们的结构特征。CLDH对氯离子的去除实验表明 ,n(Mg)∶n(Al)比值为 3和 4的LDH在 5 0 0～ 6 0 0℃下焙烧的CLDH对氯离子的去除率达到 95 %以上 ,1gCLDH去除氯离子的最大量约 5 9 6mg。     

Efficient Immobilization of Yeast Transketolase on Layered Double Hydroxides and Application for Ketose Synthesis

Transketolase (TK) from S. cerevisiae was successfully immobilized on layered double hydroxides (LDH) using simple, affordable and efficient adsorption and coprecipitation based immobilization procedures. Optimization of the preparation was performed using zinc aluminium nitrate (Zn₂Al‐NO₃) and magnesium aluminium nitrate (Mg₂Al‐NO₃) LDH as immobilization supports, and the protein‐to‐LDH weight ratio (Q) was varied. The highest immobilization yields (98–99%) and highest relative specific activities (4.2–4.4 U⋅mg⁻¹ for the immobilized enzyme compared to 4.5 U⋅mg⁻¹ for the free enzyme) were both achieved when using a protein‐to‐LDH weight ratio (Q) of 0.38. Efficient lyophilization of the LDH‐TK bionanocomposites thus synthesized was proven to allow easy use and storage of the supported TK with no significant loss of activity over a three‐month period. The kinetic parameters of the LDH‐TK enzyme were comparable to those of the free TK. The LDH‐TK enzyme was finally tested for the synthesis of L ‐erythrulose starting from hydroxypyruvate lithium salt (Li‐HPA) and glycolaldehyde (GA) as substrates. L ‐erythrulose was characterized and obtained with an isolated yield of 56% similar to that obtained with free TK. The reusability of the LDH‐TK biohybrid material was then investigated, and we found no loss of enzymatic activity over six cycles.     

表面改性锌镁铝三元类水滑石的摩擦性能及抗磨机理(英文)

经共沉淀法和水热法合成了锌镁铝三元类水滑石(Zn/Mg/Al-LDHs)纳米粉体,并用油酸进行表面改性。采用X射线衍射,扫描电子显微镜(SEM),红外光谱和X射线荧光光谱等测试对Zn/Mg/Al-LDHs纳米粉体进行了表征。采用四球摩擦试验机,SEM和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对类水滑石的摩擦性能以及磨损钢球表面进行了分析。结果表明:类水滑石具有典型的六方片层结构,晶粒尺寸均匀,平均粒径为179.4nm;化学式为Zn0.37Mg0.27Al0.36(OH)2(CO3)0.18·0.31H2O;改性后,油酸在类水滑石表面呈单分子层吸附;类水滑石在高载荷(200~400N)和适当的转速下可显著降低金属摩擦副的摩擦系数和磨斑直径。XPS结果显示,磨损表面生成了含有ZnO,ZnS,MgO,氧化铁等化合物和有机物的化学反应保护膜,同时,纳米颗粒抛光和第三体效应也起到了减磨抗磨作用。     

Potential for Layered Double Hydroxides-Based,Innovative Drug Delivery Systems

Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs)-based drug delivery systems have, for many years, shown great promises for the delivery of chemical therapeutics and bioactive molecules to mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. This system offers high efficiency and drug loading density, as well as excellent protection of loaded molecules from undesired degradation. Toxicological studies have also found LDHs to be biocompatible compared with other widely used nanoparticles, such as iron oxide, silica, and single-walled carbon nanotubes. A plethora of bio-molecules have been reported to either attach to the surface of or intercalate into LDH materials through co-precipitation or anion-exchange reaction, including amino acid and peptides, ATPs, vitamins, and even polysaccharides. Recently, LDHs have been used for gene delivery of small molecular nucleic acids, such as antisense, oligonucleotides, PCR fragments, siRNA molecules or sheared genomic DNA. These nano-medicines have been applied to target cells or organs in gene therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes current progress of the development of LDHs nanoparticle drug carriers for nucleotides, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer drugs and recent LDH application in medical research. Ground breaking studies will be highlighted and an outlook of the possible future progress proposed. It is hoped that the layered inorganic material will open up new frontier of research, leading to new nano-drugs in clinical applications.