基于小波及AR模型的机车滚动轴承故障特征提取

滚动轴承失效是机车牵引传动系统的主要故障源之一。为了有效诊断滚动轴承故障,提出了基于小波变换及AR模型参数的机车滚动轴承特征提取方法,以提取能准确反映滚动轴承运行状态的特征信息。首先,通过小波变换对滚动轴承运行时产生的非平稳振动信号进行分解重构,得到不同尺度下的重构信号;然后对重构信号建立AR模型,提取AR模型的自回归参数作为表征滚动轴承运行状态的特征;最后采用支持向量机分类器对提取的特征进行故障分类与识别。仿真结果表明机车滚动轴承故障得到了有效诊断。     

基于离散小波变换和随机森林的轴承故障诊断研究

针对不同工况下数据特征选择困难和单一分类器在滚动轴承故障诊断中识别率较低等问题,提出了一种基于离散小波变换和随机森林相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用离散小波变换分解振动信号,得到n层近似系数;然后创新性地采用sigmoid熵构造出n维特征向量,sigmoid熵能较好地提取非平稳信号的特征,提高诊断准确率;最后采用随机森林对滚动轴承不同故障信号进行分类。实验采用西储凯斯大学轴承数据中心网站提供的轴承数据,与传统分类器(KNN和SVM)以及单个分类回归树CART进行对比分析,结果表明该方法具有更好的诊断效果。     

Rolling element bearing fault diagnosis using wavelet transform

This paper is focused on fault diagnosis of ball bearings having localized defects (spalls) on the various bearing components using wavelet-based feature extraction. The statistical features required for the training and testing of artificial intelligence techniques are calculated by the implementation of a wavelet based methodology developed using Minimum Shannon Entropy Criterion. Seven different base wavelets are considered for the study and Complex Morlet wavelet is selected based on minimum Shannon Entropy Criterion to extract statistical features from wavelet coefficients of raw vibration signals. In the methodology, firstly a wavelet theory based feature extraction methodology is developed that demonstrates the information of fault from the raw signals and then the potential of various artificial intelligence techniques to predict the type of defect in bearings is investigated. Three artificial intelligence techniques are used for faults classifications, out of which two are supervised machine learning techniques i.e. support vector machine, learning vector quantization and other one is an unsupervised machine learning technique i.e. self-organizing maps. The fault classification results show that the support vector machine identified the fault categories of rolling element bearing more accurately and has a better diagnosis performance as compared to the learning vector quantization and self-organizing maps.     

基于有理双树复小波和SVM的滚动轴承故诊断方法

滚动轴承故障类型被支持向量机(SVM)智能识别的关键是故障特征的提取。为了提取最优的故障特征,提高SVM的分类识别精度,提出了基于有理双树复小波和SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先通过双树复小波包变换将非平稳的振动信号分解得到不同频带的分量,然后对每个分量求能量并作归一化处理,最后将从各个频带分量中提取的能量特征参数作为支持向量机的输入来识别滚动轴承的故障类型。研究结果表明该方法可以有效、准确地识别轴承的故障模式。     

支持向量机在机械故障诊断中的应用研究

在机械故障诊断中,通常不具备有大量的故障样本,因此,制约了故障诊断技术向智能化方向发展。而基于统计学习理论(SLT)的支持向量机(SVM)方法正好克服了这方面的不足。统计学习理论是专门研究少样本情况下的统计规律及学习方法的理论。SLT理论和SVM方法为故障诊断技术向智能化发展提供了新的途径。该文讨论了支持向量机在故障诊断领域中应用的分类算法。并以滚动轴承的振动信号为例进行了试验论证。试验表明:SVM方法对具有少样本的故障诊断领域具有很强的适应性。     

基于支持向量机的机械故障智能分类研究

故障样本不足是制约故障诊断技术向智能化方向发展的主要原因之一，支持向量机（SVM)是一种基于统计学习理论(SLT)的机器学习算法，它能在训练样本很少的情况下达到很好的分类效果，从而为故障诊断技术向智能化发展提供了新的途径．本文介绍了支持向量机分类算法，以滚动轴承的故障分类为例，探讨了该算法在故障诊断领域中的应用，并与BP神经网络分类方法进行了对比研究，结果表明，SVM方法在少样本情况下的分类效果优于BP神经网络分类方法．     

Wavelet twin support vector machine

Twin support vector machine (TWSVM) is a research hot spot in the field of machine learning in recent years. Although its performance is better than traditional support vector machine (SVM), the kernel selection problem still affects the performance of TWSVM directly. Wavelet analysis has the characteristics of multivariate interpolation and sparse change, and it is suitable for the analysis of local signals and the detection of transient signals. The wavelet kernel function based on wavelet analysis can approximate any nonlinear functions. Based on the wavelet kernel features and the kernel function selection problem, wavelet twin support vector machine (WTWSVM) is proposed by this paper. It introduces the wavelet kernel function into TWSVM to make the combination of wavelet analysis techniques and TWSVM come true. The experimental results indicate that WTWSVM is feasible, and it improves the classification accuracy and generalization ability of TWSVM significantly.     

一种滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对基于支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断方法中支持向量机的参数优化问题,提出一种改进的果蝇优化算法,即以模式分类准确率作为果蝇味道浓度函数,并采用该算法来优化支持向量机模型的惩罚因子和核函数参数;基于改进果蝇优化算法和支持向量机对滚动轴承的故障模式进行分类诊断,结果表明改进的果蝇优化算法具有较高的收敛速度和寻优效率,基于该算法和支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断方法具有较高的分类准确率。     

Wavelet support vector machine

An admissible support vector (SV) kernel (the wavelet kernel), by which we can construct a wavelet support vector machine (SVM), is presented. The wavelet kernel is a kind of multidimensional wavelet function that can approximate arbitrary nonlinear functions. The existence of wavelet kernels is proven by results of theoretic analysis. Computer simulations show the feasibility and validity of wavelet support vector machines (WSVMs) in regression and pattern recognition.     

基于双树复小波包和改进SVM的轴承故障诊断

为了提高滚动轴承内圈、滚动体、外圈等故障诊断效率,提出了将双树复小波包和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）结合的故障诊断方法。采用双树复小波包对轴承振动信号分解和重构,提取重构信号中的故障能量特征并构造特征样本作为支持向量机诊断模型的输入。针对支持向量机的参数选取没有固定方法而导致故障诊断的准确性降低的问题,采用人工鱼群算法对支持向量机的惩罚系数和核参数进行寻优。用寻优得到的参数建立支持向量机诊断模型对特征样本进行故障诊断。仿真结果表明提出的方法不仅可以提高降噪效果从而得到滚动轴承故障振动的特征信号,而且能实现更高精度的故障诊断。     

Fault classification method for inverter based on hybrid support vector machines and wavelet analysis

A new classification method for fault waveform is proposed based on discrete orthogonal wavelet transform (DOWT) and hybrid support vector machine (hybrid SVM) for fault type of a three-phase voltage inverter. The waveforms of output voltage obtained from the faulty inverter are decomposed by DOWT into wavelet coefficient matrices, through which we can obtain singular value vectors acted as features of time-series periodic waveforms. And then a multi-classes classification method based on a new Huffman Tree structure is presented to realize 1-v-r SVM strategy. The extracted features are applied to hybrid SVM for determining fault type. Compared to employing the structure based on ordinary binary tree, the superiority of the proposed SVM method is shown in the success of fault diagnosis because the average Loo-correctness of the SVM based on Huffman tree structure exceed the general SVM 3.65%, and the correctness reaches 99.6%.     

小波包和GA-SVM在轴承故障诊断中的应用

为了解决傅里叶变换难以兼顾信号在时域和频域中的全貌和局部化特征以及支持向量机惩罚参数c和核函数参数g选取的问题,提出了基于小波包和GA-SVM的轴承故障诊断方法;首先通过实验采集多种工况下故障轴承和正常轴承的振动信号,从振动信号中提取能够表征轴承运行状态的时频域特征以及基于小波包分析的特征向量来作为GA-SVM的输入,然后在SVM的基础上,针对SVM的惩罚参数和核函数参数在不同应用场景下的取值难以确定的特性,采用了遗传算法对支持向量机进行参数优化的GA-SVM算法进行模式识别;实验结果显示,基于小波包和GA-SVM的轴承故障诊断方法比SVM和BP都具有更高的识别精度。     

Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing by using multinomial logistic regression and wavelet packet transform

This paper is focused on comparison of effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings. The features for classification are extracted through wavelet packet decomposition using RBIO 5.5 wavelet. The whole classification is done using two features: energy and Kurtosis. The data samples for classification are taken with reference to a healthy bearing, thus, minimizing the errors from the experimental set-up. Four bearing conditions such as bearing with outer race defect, inner race defect, ball defect and combined defect on outer race, inner race and ball have been used in this paper. Localized defects of micron level are induced through laser machining. The effectiveness of three AI techniques viz. ANN, SVM and multinomial logistic regression are compared. The results show that the Logistic Regression technique is the more effective than other two techniques as ANN and SVM.     

基于小波和支持向量机的光纤微振动传感器模式识别

为实现对双M-Z型光纤传感器的振动信号进行识别,提出一种基于小波能熵和支持向量机(SVM)的光纤传感信号模式识别方法。该方法对小波分解得到的各频段系数求解其能量信息熵,归一化后得到特征向量。其作为SVM的输入,通过选用合适的核函数和多类的分类方法,对SVM多类分类器进行建模。在多种振动信号的条件下,用测试样本对SVM分类器模型进行测试,测试结果表明:该方法对双M-Z型光纤微振动传感器的振动信号的分类达到了较高的识别率。     

一种改进的显性多核支持向量机

在支持向量机(Support vector machine, SVM)中, 对核函数的定义非常重要, 不同的核会产生不同的分类结果. 如何充分利用多个不同核函数的特点, 来共同提高SVM学习的效果, 已成为一个研究热点. 于是, 多核学习(Multiple kernel learning, MKL)方法应运而生. 最近, 有的学者提出了一种简单有效的稀疏MKL算法,即GMKL (Generalized MKL)算法, 它结合了L1 范式和L2范式的优点, 形成了一个对核权重的弹性限定. 然而, GMKL算法也并没有考虑到如何在充分利用已经选用的核函数中的共有信息. 另一方面, MultiK-MHKS算法则考虑了利用典型关联分析(Canonical correlation analysis, CCA)来获取核函数之间的共有信息, 但是却没有考虑到核函数的筛选问题. 本文模型则基于这两种算法进行了一定程度的改进, 我们称我们的算法为改进的显性多核支持向量机 (Improved domain multiple kernel support vector machine, IDMK-SVM). 我们证明了本文的模型保持了GMKL 的特性, 并且证明了算法的收敛性. 最后通过模拟实验, 本文证明了本文的多核学习方法相比于传统的多核学习方法有一定的精确性优势.     

Fault diagnostics of roller bearing using kernel based neighborhood score multi-class support vector machine

Roller bearing is one of the most widely used rotary elements in a rotary machine. The roller bearing’s nature of vibration reveals its condition and the features that show the nature are to be extracted through some indirect means. Statistical parameters like kurtosis, standard deviation, maximum value, etc. form a set of features, which are widely used in fault diagnostics. Finding out good features that discriminate the different fault conditions of the bearing is often a problem. Selection of good features is an important phase in pattern recognition and requires detailed domain knowledge. This paper addresses the feature selection process using decision tree and uses kernel based neighborhood score multi-class support vector machine (MSVM) for classification. The vibration signal from a piezoelectric transducer is captured for the following conditions: good bearing, bearing with inner race fault, bearing with outer race fault, and inner and outer race faults. The statistical features are extracted therefrom and classified successfully using MSVM. The results of MSVM are compared with and binary support vector machine (SVM).     

基于蝙蝠算法优化相关向量机的轴承故障诊断方法

由于轴承振动信号具有复杂性和非线性,难以有效提取故障特征,影响故障诊断的准确率.为了提高故障诊断准确率,提出一种蝙蝠算法(BA)优化相关向量机(RVM)的轴承故障诊断方法.首先结合变分模态分解和多尺度熵从轴承振动信号中提取出故障特征,作为相关向量机的输入向量;接着采用蝙蝠算法优化相关向量机的核函数参数;然后训练相关向量...     

Soft computing approach to fault diagnosis of centrifugal pump

Fault detection and isolation in rotating machinery is very important from an industrial viewpoint as it can help in maintenance activities and significantly reduce the down-time of the machine, resulting in major cost savings. Traditional methods have been found to be not very accurate. Soft computing based methods are now being increasingly employed for the purpose. The proposed method is based on a genetic programming technique which is known as gene expression programming (GEP). GEP is somewhat a new member of the genetic programming family. The main objective of this paper is to compare the classification accuracy of the proposed evolutionary computing based method with other pattern classification approaches such as support vector machine (SVM), Wavelet-GEP, and proximal support vector machine (PSVM). For this purpose, six states viz., normal, bearing fault, impeller fault, seal fault, impeller and bearing fault together, cavitation are simulated on centrifugal pump. Decision tree algorithm is used to select the features. The results obtained using GEP is compared with the performance of Wavelet-GEP, support vector machine (SVM) and proximal support vector machine (PSVM) based classifiers. It is observed that both GEP and SVM equally outperform the other two classifiers (PSVM and Wavelet-GEP) considered in the present study.     

基于改进FOA算法优化WKELM的医疗滚动轴承故障诊断技术研究

针对传统小波核极限学习机（Extreme Learning Machine-ELM）应用于医疗滚动轴承故障诊断中识别精度不高且训练速度慢的一系列问题的出现,并针对性的想出一种更好的对滚动转轴发生的故障进行识别的办法,通过对小波核极限学习机算法进行改进的方法。该方法运用改进果蝇算法（LGMS-Fruit-flying Optimization Algorithm, LGMS-FOA）优化小波核极限学习机中的正则化系数和小波核函数中的参数。采用的方法是变分模态分解（Variational Mode Decomposition-VMD）,通过这种方法能够对滚动轴承的故障信号分解为含有故障信息的各模态分量从而提取到故障特征。通过与其他三种算法的实验结果对比证明,基于LGMS-FOA-WKELM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法的识别精度更高且训练时间更短。     

支撑向量机在航空发动机故障诊断中的应用研究

航空发动机故障样本有限,利用传统的统计识别方法故障诊断,正确率不高.支撑向量机能解决小样本的故障分类识别问题.研究Support Vector Machine(简称SVM)核函数对识别精度的影响,并把SVM与最大似然法、马氏距离法,最小距离法进行比较,结果表明SVM核函数对故障识别正确率影响不大,基于SVM的航空发动机...